LIBRAR 


THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

SANTA  BARBARA 

From   the   collection   of 
ELSPETH    HUXLEY 


ui<'isKANv  Monument. 


Oneid.i  Historical  Scjcicty 


OUTLINE  HISTORY 


OF 


Utica  and  Vicinity 


PREPARED  BY  A  COMMITTEE 


OF  THE 


NEW  CENTURY  CLUB 


UTICA,  NEW  YORK 
L.   C.  CHILDS    AND  SON 


1900 


COPYRIGHT  1900, 
KY  THE  NKW  CENTURY  CLUB  OF  UTICA. 
AI.I,  RIGHTS  RESERVED. 


PREFACE. 

THIS  sketch  of  our  city  and  its  neighborhood  has  bee* 
prepared  with  the  object  of  bringing  together,  in 
brief  and  inexpensive  form,  the  most  important  facts  of 
local  history,  with  a  slight  mention  of  noteworthy  citizens 
and  of  natural  surroundings. 

Sincere  thanks  are  due  to  the  many  friends  who  have 
given  valuable  aid  :  especially  to  Dr.  M.  M.  Bagg,  whose 
works  have  been  a  main  source  of  information  ;  Professor 
North  of  Hamilton  College  ;  Mr.  Egbert  Bagg  ;  Miss 
Blandina  D.  Miller  ;  Mr.  Quentin  McAdam  and  Mr. 
William  C.  McAdam  ;  and  to  Mr.  Charles  D.  Walcott  of 
Washington;  Dr.  F.  J.  H.  Merrill  of  Albany;  Dr.  Joseph  B. 
Haberer  ;  Mr.  Benjamin  D.  Gilbert  ;  and  Mr.  George  C. 
Hodges. 

The  Editors  take  pleasure  also  in  acknowledging  their 
indebtedness  to  The  Saturday  Globe  for  the  use  of  several 
plates  for  illustrations,  and  to  the  Oneida  Historical  So- 
ciety, and  the  Rev.  John  R.  Harding  of  Trinity  Church, 
for  similar  favors.  The  photograph  of  Sherman  Fall  is 
printed  by  the  courtesy  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey. 
The  plate  was  lent  through  the  kindness  of  Dr.  F.  J.  H. 
Merrill,  State  Geologist. 

The  work  is  but  an  outline  history.  For  the  many  de- 
tails which  give  life    to  the  subject,  readers  are    asked  to 


IV.  PREFACE. 

consult  the  writings  to  which  full  marginal  references  are 
given. 

It  is  hoped  that  the  book  now  issued  will  interest  a 
larger  number  of  our  citizens  in  the  life  of  the  past,  and 
especially  that  it  may  stimulate  the  young  to  reach  for- 
ward to  the  highest  type  of  citizenship  in  the  opening  cen- 
tury. If  this  shall  be  the  result,  the  wish  of  its  originators 
will  be  fully  answered. 

The  Editors. 

New  Century  Club,  Utica,  N.  Y. 
January,  1900. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 


I.     Earliest  History i 

II.     The  Village  of  Utica— 1 798-1832 9 

III.  The  City  of  Utica  from  its  Incorporation  to  the 

Civil  War — 1832-1861 16 

IV.  Utica  during  the  Civil  War — 1861-1865 22 

V.     Industrial  Growth  of  Utica  and  Vicinity ^^ 

VI.     The  Spanish  War ,2 

■    VII.     Centennial  Celebrations 48 

VIII.      History  of  Transportation;  Routes  of  Travel 51 

IX.     Names  of  Streets en 

X.     Old  Buildings 62 

XL     Noteworthy  Citizens  of  Oneida  County 69 

XII.     Education 07 

XIII.  Library;  Oneida  Historical  Society;    etc 106 

XIV.  The  Government  of  Utica 112 

XV.     Geography 129 

XVI.     Geology 138 

X  VII.     Botany i  c  2 

XVIII.     Birds 163 

Bibliography 181 

Index jgj 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 

„    .  ,  Facing  Page 

Oriskany  Monument Frontispiece 

Oneida  Stone 

Trinity  Church ^ 

Utica  Free  Academy 

Munson-Williams  Memorial jog 

■'  Old  Saratoga  " ^ 

Sherman  Fall,  Trenton  Falls ,  .  j 

Wilson  Elm 

159 


ABBREVIATIONS. 
Pioneers,  Dr.  Bagg's  Pioneers  of  Utica. 
M.  H.,  Dr.  Bagg"s  Memorial  History  of  Utica. 
O.  H.  S.,  Oneida  Historical  Society. 
E.  and  F.,  Everts  and  Fariss'  History  of  Oneida  County. 
(Other  abbreviations  will  be  noticed  as  they  are  used.) 


"The  Times,  as  we  say — or  the  present  aspects  of  our 
social  state,  ....  are  the  receptacle  in  which  the 
Past  leaves  its  history,  the  quarry  out  of  which  the  genius 
of  to-day  is  building  up  the  Future." 

EMERSON, 


T 


EARLIEST  HISTORY. 

FORT  STANWIX   AND  OLD  FORT  SCHUYLER. 

HE    territory    embraced  within  the   present    limits  of 
Oneida  County  was  not  settled  until  the  close   of  the  Morgan's 


Revolution,  when  the  tide  of  immigration  began  pour-  League  of  the 

Iroquois. 

ing  into  Central  and  Western  New  York  from  New  Eng- 
land. Its  soil  was  originally  a  part  of  the  vast  domain 
over  which  the  Iroquois  Confederacy  held  sway. 

The  territory  of  the  Five  Nations,  as  they  were  called 
by  the  English — and  the  Iroquois  by  the  French — extend- 
ed from  the  Hudson  to  Niagara.  The  Nations,  or  tribes, 
were  known  severally  as  Mohawks,  Oneidas,  Onondagas,  ]^^'^'  ^^-  ^• 
Cayugas  and  Senecas.  Later  the  Tuscaroras  of  South 
Carolma  were  adopted  into  the  Confederacy,  and  hence- 
forth the  Iroquois  were  styled  by  the  English,  "The 
League  of  the  Six  Nations." 

Becoming    allied   with  England  in    the  war  which  the 
Colonists  waged  for   Independence,   the  Iroquois  forfeited 
their  lands  by  the  victory  of  the  Americans  and   the   laws 
of  war.      Henceforth  ownership  was  vested  in  the  Unitedpp.  24,37.23,25. 
States  government.     The  action  of  the  Oneidas,  however, 
in  refusing  to  take  up  arms  against  the  Americans,  prevent-  ibid-  p-  2°- 
ed  the   Iroquois  from  declaring  their  allegiance,  as  a  unit.  Hist.  Empire 
to  the  British  Crown.      It  is  to  the  honor  and  credit  of  the '^*^*^'^' P' ^^'*' 
State  of  New  York  that  only  by  treaty  or  purchase,  were 
the  lands  once  in  possession  of  the    Indians  appropriated 
by  the  State. 

An  Act  passed  by  the  First  General  Assembly  of  the 
Province  of  New  York  in  1683,  provided  for  the  division 
of  the  Province  into  twelve  counties.  (Dukes  and  Corn- 
wall were  later  surrendered  to  Massachusetts.) 


2  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Albany  County,  one  of  the  original  twelve  counties,  ex- 

Ibid.  pp.  g6-7. 

Hendrick's  tended  westward  to  the  bounds  of  the  Province  until 
Brief  Hist       1772,  whcn  Tryou  Couuty  was  erected  from  its  territory, 

Empire  State,  .  •' 

pp.  44-5-  taking    its   name    from  the  last  English  Governor  of  New 

Ibid.  pp.  989.    York,  William  Tryon.      This  was  changed  by  the  Legisla- 

Jones's  Annals  a        -i  o  ■»  <■  r^  •        1  r 

of  Oneida  Co..  ture,    April    2,    1784,  to  Montgomery  Couuty,  in  honor  of 

pp.  2, 3-  ^^        General  Richard  Montgomery,  who  fell  at  Quebec  in  1775. 

Hist.  Empire  The   Couuty  of  Herkimer   was  erected   from  the  territory 

tate,  p.  584.    ^£  Montgomery  County  in  1791.      March  i";,   1798,  an  Act 

Jones's  Annals  °  ...  .  j^       i  ^    ^ 

p.  8.  Judge  was  passed  dividing  Herkimer  County,  and  the  counties 
dress^cent  '  ^^  Oucida  and  Chenango  were  formed  from  its  territory. 
Oneida  Co.,     ^\^q  domain  covered  by  the  former  took  its  name  from  the 

March  15,  iSqS. 

original  occupants  of  the  soil,  the  Oneida  tribe  of  Indians. 

One  of  a  chain  of  forts   built  by  the  English  during  the 

French    and    Indian  war  was    located    on   the  site  of    the 

present  city  of  Utica  and  was  known  as  "Old  Fort  Schuy- 

Ded.  Site  oidlcr."     It    was  designed  to  guard  the  fording  place  in  the 

Ft.  Schuyler    j.j.^gj.  abovc  it,  and  stood  near  the  intersection  of  Second 

in  Trans.  O.H.  ' 

s.,  1881 4.         street   and  the  New  York  Central  Railroad.      The    Indian 

Jones's  Annals  ^^j^  from  Oucida  Castle  crossed  the  one  leading  to  the 
pp.  490 1.  ^  _  '^ 

Pioneers,  p.  5.  Oneida  Carrying   Place,   (Fort   Stanwix),  at  the  ford,  near 

M.  H.,  p.  17.     the  place  where  the  bridge  now  spans  the  Mohawk  at  the 

Pioneers,  p.  6.  ^^^^  ^^  Gcnesee  street.      The  fort  was  called    ' '  Old  Fort 

ivi .  r\,y  p .  r o . 

Schuyler "  to  distinguish  it  from   a  more  important   forti 
Jones's  Annals  fication  on   the   site  of  the   present  city  of  Rome,    N.  Y. , 

properly  called  Fort  Stanwix.      During  the  Revolution  an 
M.  H.  p.  18.      effort   was  made  to  change  the  name  of  Fort  Stanwix   to 

Fort  Schuyler. 

The  statement  is  often  made  that  Old  Fort  Schuyler  was 
com^y374.''*  "^"^ed  in  honor  of  Col.  Peter  Schuyler  of  Albany,  the  be- 
jones's  Annals  jQyed  "Brother  Quider  "  of  the  Indians  and  uncle  of  Gen- 
M.'^H.  pp.  17-18.  eral  Philip  Schuyler  of  the  Revolution.      Others  claim  that 

it    was  named  for  his   nephew   and   namesake.  Col.    Peter 


p.  323,  (note,) 
p.  4qi 


EARLIEST  HISTORY.  3 

Schuyler  of  New  Jersey,  an  officer  in  the  active  service  of 
his  country  at  the  time    this   fort    was    built.     When    the 

.  .  Hist.  Colls.  N. 

foundations  of  the  defense  were  laid,  Col.  Peter  Schuyler  of  Y.(Gen.schuy- 
Albany,  (its  first  mayor),  had  been  dead  over  a  quarter  of  a^^g^^j^^j^ 
century.      It  seems  reasonable  to  believe  that  the  custom  i^^  Trans,  o. 
then  prevalent,  of  naming  fortifications  in  honor  of  officers 
in  active  service,  was    followed  in  this  instance,  and   that 
"Old  Fort  Schuyler"  was  called  for  Col.    Peter  Schuyler 
of  New  Jersey,  then  in  command  of  the  Jersey  Blues  at 
Oswego. 

The  fort,  probably  built   in    1758,  was   allowed  to  go  to 
decay   at   the   close  of    the   French   war.      Indeed,  it   had  jones'sAnnais 
never  been  an  important  fortification,  having  been  rudely  ^' ''^'' 
constructed  in  the   form  of    an   earthen  embankment,  sur- 
rounded by  pickets. 

Fort  Stanwix,  built  by  the  English  in  1758,  and  named  in  Barber's  Hist. 
honor  of  General  John  Stanwix,  stood  at  the  head  of  nav- S.°"'-p?-3^^-^ 

-*  D.  E.  Wager 

igation  on  the  Mohawk,  (now  Rome,  N.  Y. ),  and  was  an  in  Trans. o.h. 
expensive  and  elaborate  fortification,  costing  the  Crown  jones-sAnnais 
$266,400.      The  need  of  defense  at  this  point  was  impera- pp-  325-4. 

...  ^  ^  Doc.   Hist.  N. 

tive  from  its  situation  on  the  great  water-route   from  thev. 
Hudson  to  the  western  lakes.     Here,  in  early  times,  boats  vL^^"^5^*°' 

'  '  '  vol.  4,  p.  323. 

were  transferred  from  the  Mohawk  to  Wood  Creek   across 
the  portage  known  as  the  "Oneida  Carrying  Place." 

Fort  Stanwix  played  an  important  part  in  the  Revolu- 
tion when,  in  Burgoyne's  Campaign  of  1777,  under  the 
gallant  Col.  Peter  Gansevoort,  it  withstood  the  siege  of  the  p^^i*"^  ^^  °°^  * 

English,  commanded  by  Col.  Barry  St.  Leger.     It  was  the^^''^'  pp-  2^^' 

60. 

news  of  the  attack  upon  the  fort  which  led  the  militia  of  Barber's  Hist. 
Tryon  County,  under  Gen.  Nicholas  Herkimer,  to  march  to  g,''"^"^^' ^^^' 
its  relief.      Intercepted  at  Oriskany  on  the  morning  of  the  campbeii-s 

^   1         r    A  1  1        T-        1  ■    1  Annals  of  Try- 

6th  of  August,   1777,  by  the  English  and  their  Indian  allies  on  co.,  ch.  4. 
under  Brandt  and  Butler,  a  battle  followed  which  has  been 
called  the  most  obstinate  and  murderous  of  the  Revolution, 


4  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

T'^the  %°\I  ^°^  ^^^  ^°^^  °^  ^^^^'  ^^^  relatively  greater  here  than  in  any 
tines.  other   engagement.      The  battle  of  Oriskany,    although  a 

Roberts'  Hist. gggj^jj^     defeat,  was  in  effect  a  victory.      Washington  said: 

Empire  State,  ?->  >  ./  o 

Vol.  2,  pp.  413- «' Here  Herkimer  first  reversed  the  gloomy  scene  of  the 
Ded.  Oriskany  campaign."  By  their  heroic  action  the  farmers  of  the 
Mon.  in  Trans.  j^Q]^a.wk  Valley,  largely  the  German  Palatines,  drove  back 

0.  H.  S.,  1881  4. 

Gov.  sey-  ^^c  invadcr.  The  plans  of  Burgoyne  were  frustrated,  and 
niour's  Ad       jj^  ^]-jg   following  Octobcr  his  army  surrendered  upon  the 

dress  of  Wel-  .  °  1  r 

come,  Cent.     Heights  of  Saratoga. 

Trliis  o'hT  According  to  the  best  authority,  the  Stars  and  Stripes 
1877-  in  the  form  adopted  by  the  Continental  Congress,  June  14, 

Flag  of  u.  s.!  ^777^  were  first  unfurled  on  land  from  the  ramparts  of  Fort 
p.  276  m  Har- g|-g^j-^^jjj       Hastily   improvised  for  the   occasion,    the  flag 

par's   Mag.,  _  .  .  '  h 

July,  1877.  was  displayed  during  the  siege  of  the  fort.  It  was  made 
Fieid'^Book  of  ^^  ^  white  shirt,  a  blue  camlet  cloak,  and  bits  of  red  cloth 

the  Rev.,  Vol.  from  the  petticoat  of  a  soldier's  wife. 

1,  p.  242 

Rev.    Samuel  Kirkland,    who    later  founded    the    Ham- 
ilton Oneida  Academy,  of    which  Hamilton  College  is  the 
outgrowth,  served  as  Chaplain  at  Fort  Stanwix  during  the 
Revolution.      To  the  influence  of  this  eminent  missionary  to 
Fiske's  Am.     ^^^  Indians  of  Western  New  York,  and  to  the  efforts  of  the 

Rev.  Vol.1,  pp 

285-92.  pioneer  settler  of   Westmoreland,   Judge  James  Dean,    is 

Colls,,  pp.  362- due  the  action  of  the  Oneidas  in  remaining  neutral  during 
4,376  the  War   for  Independence.      Through   the  labors  of  Mr. 

Jones'sAnnals       .  .  . 

203-20,  744, 853- Kirkland,  the  Oneidas  and  their  celebrated  chief,  Skenan- 
't'  ,.      ,  - .,  doah,  embraced  the  Christian  religion.  They  were  known  as 

Lothrop's  Life  '  *^  -' 

of  Kirkland.     "the  tribe  of    the  Upright  Stone."     This  sacred  stone  was 
their  national  altar,  and  they  gathered  around  it  from  year  to 
year  to  celebrate  solemn  religious  rites  and  to  worship  the 
Schoolcraft's    ^^^^^  Spirit.      The  moral  qualities  of  the  Oneidas  led  Pas- 
Notes  on  the  tor   Kirkland  to  pronounce   them   the   noblest  of    the  Six 

Iroquois,  p.  46.  ,  . 

Nations. 

The   sacred  stone  of  the   Oneidas   now  stands  in  Forest 


Saturda>   Globe. 


ONEIDA  STONE, 


EARLIEST  HISTORY,  5 

Hill  Cemetery,  near  the  entrance.     This  valuable  histori- ^/Jf'^^'*^'**^' 

•'  '  of  Town  of 

cal  relic  was  brought  from  Stockbridge,  Madison  County,  Kirkiand,  p.  7- 

o  20. 

m  1849. 

Fort  Stanwix  was  the  scene  of  important  treaties  and 
conferences  between  the  Colonies  and  the  Six  Nations. 
Notable  among  them  is  the  Convention  of  November  5, 
1768,  which  established  "  the  line  of  property,"  or  bound- 
ary line  between  the  Six  Nations  and  the  Colonies  of  New 

York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland  and  Virginia — Jones's  Annais 

p.  123. 
long  the  source  of  hostilities  and  the  subject  of  continued 

dispute  and  controversy.     Near  the  foot  of  College  Hill, 

Clinton,  the  Class  of  '87  of    Hamilton  College  has  erected 

a    stone  to  mark  the  "line  of  property"   as  fixed  by  the 

treaty  of  Fort  Stanwix,  signed   for  the   Crown  by  General 

Indian  Agent  Sir  William  Johnson. 

In  17S4  a  treaty  was  signed  at  Fort  Stanwix  in  which 
peace  was  established  between  the  United  States  and  the 
Six  Nations.  Samuel  Kirkiand  acted  as  interpreter.  He  '  ^"  ^'° 
was  largely  influential  in  brmging  the  Indians  to  terms  of 
peace,  "Red  Jacket,"  the  Seneca  Chief,  being  present  and 
opposing  the  treaty  stipulations. 

The  Great  Indian  Treaty  of  1788,  held  at  Fort  Stanwix, 
was  all   important  in  its  relations  to  the  future  of  Oneida  Lossing-s 
County,    for    the  land    now  included  within  its  limits  was!^^^''"    ^^p^^® 
there  ceded  to  the  State  by  its  original  owners  and  occu- 
pants. 

By  the  Act  creating  Oneida  County,  it  was  provided 
that  there  should  be  held  a  Court  of  Common  Pleas  and 
General  Sessions  of  the  Peace  in  May,  September  and  De- 
cember. The  court  was  to  be  held  in  the  school  house  at 
Fort  Stanwix,  which  stood  on  the  site  of  the  present  City  Hall 
in  Rome.  Jedediah  Sanger,  of  New  Hartford,  was  elected 
first  judge,  and    the    side    judges   were    Hugh    White    of 


6  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Whitesboro,  David  Ostrom  of  Utica,  George  Huntington 
of  Rome,  and  James  Dean  of  Westmoreland.  William 
Colbraith  of  Rome  was  the  first  sheriff,  Jonas  Piatt  of 
Whitesboro  the  first  county  clerk,  and  Arthur  Breese  of 
Whitesboro  the  first  surrogate. 

The  first  term  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  was  held 
in  May,   1798,  Judge  Sanger  presiding.      The  first   Circuit 
jones'sAnnais  Court  was  held  in  September,   1798,  Hon.   John    Lansing, 
^'  '*'  Chief  Justice  ;  the  first  Court   of   Oyer  and  Terminer  was 

held  at  the  same  place  (the  school  house  at  Fort  Stanwix), 
June  5,  1798,  presided  over  by  Hon.  James  Kent,  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court. 

The  site  of  Utica,  called  in  the  Oneida  tongue,     "  Yah- 

nun-da-da-sis,"  meaning   "around  the  hill,"   is  a  part  of  a 

^^s'lq^X   *     tract  of  22,000  acres  which  George  Second,  King  of  Great 

Pioneers,  p.     Britain,  granted  in  royal  letters  patent  in  1734  to  a  num- 

645  • 

Jones'sAnnais  ber  of  individuals,  but  in  reality  to  the  Governor  of  the 

p-  490.  Province,    William    Cosby.        The    pronunciation    of    the 

Indian  name  varies,  and  it  has  been  written  "U-nun-da-da- 
ges." 

The  quit-rents  reserved  in  the  patent  having  been  left 
unpaid,  Daniel  Horsmanden,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Colony 
of  New  York,  directed  the  land  to  be  sold  in  1772,  at  pub- 
lic sale.      It   was  bid   in   by   Colonel,  afterwards  General, 

Ibid,  p,  53:.      pj^jijp   Schuyler,    for    the    benefit  of    himself.    Gen.    John 
Bradstreet,  Rutger  Bleecker  and  John  M.  Scott. 

In  1786  the  survey  of  Cosby's  Manor  was  completed  by 

Pioneers,  pp.    Johu  R.  Blcecker,  son  of  one  of    its  proprietors.     At   this 

^?„  time   three   dwellings   were  located  near  the  ford,  one  on 

M.  H.,  pp.  20-1.  '^ 

the  west  and  two  on  the  east  side  of  the  present  Genesee 
street. 

By  the  Act  of  1784  which  changed  Tryon  to  Montgom- 
ery County,  its  territory  was  divided  into  five  districts,  one 


EARLIEST  HISTORY.  7 

of  which  was  German  Flats.      The  latter,  which  formed  a 
part  of  Cosby's   Manor,  was  divided  March   7,    1788,    and 

Jones'sAnnals 

Whitestown  was  set  apart  as  a  separate  town  which,  west  p.  2. 

of  the  dividing  line,   then  included  the  whole  of  New  York  p^^^^^'^-  pp- 

"  III2. 

State.  The  eastern  boundary  line  of  Whitestown  crossed  ^i-  h.,  p.  20. 
the  Mohawk  at  the  ford,  leaving  part  of  the  settlement 
of  "Old  Fort  Schuyler"  in  Whitestown  and  part  in  Ger- 
man Flats.  "Upon  the  formation  of  Oneida  County  in 
1798,  the  east  line  was  thrown  eastwardly  to  the  present 
line  of  the  city  and  county." 

At  this  period  Rome  and  Whitesboro  bade  fair  to  becom.e 
the  centres  of  trade  and  population  in  Oneida  County. 
The  natural  adA-antages  offered  the  early  settler  in  the 
vicinity  of  Old  Fort  Schuyler  were  not  such  as  would 
prove  attractive  to  the  pioneer.  Yet,  the  excellent  facil-  Jones'sAnnals 
ities  afforded  at  this  point  for  the  transportation  of  supplies,  m.  h  ,  pp.  is- 
early  marked  it  as  an  imoortant  trading-post.      Gradually  ^'^■ 

*  °   ^  Jones'sAnnals 

the  fording  place  took  upon  itself  the  character  of  a  village,  p.  495- 
as  the  early  traders  and  mechanics  began  to  locate  in  the 
vicinity  of  "Old  Fort  Schuyler."  For  some  years  the 
settlement  was  confined  to  the  two  streets  which  ran  paral- 
lel with  the  river,  (Water  and  Main),  with  a  few  scattering 
houses  on  the  Whitestown  road. 

A  real  imipetus  was  given  to  the  growth  of  the  settlement 
in  the  years  1794,  '95  and  '97  by  expenditures  laid  out  upon 
the  road  to  the   "Genesee  country"  through  appropriations  Barber's  Hist, 
from  the   legislature.      Particularly  was   this   true   of  the  c°"^-  p-  374- 

•'  Pioneers,    pp. 

year  1 800,  when  the  great  highway  to  the  west  was  con-  6, 7. 
structed  by  the  Seneca  Turnpike  Company,  which,  taking 
in  "Old  Fort  Schuyler,"  passed  much  to  the  south  of  Rome 
and  Whitesboro.      (See  VIII.) 

In  1792  the  settlers  petitioned  the  legislature  for  aid   in 
the   construction   of   a   bridge  across  the   Mohawk.      TheM.^H.,V29. 
bridge  raised  in  1791  was  now  completed  and,  by    doing 


8  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

away  with  the  inconvenience  hitherto  experienced  in  ford- 
ing the  river,  added  materially  to  the  growth  of  the  hamlet. 
Barber's  Hist.      xhe  first  Church  within  its  limits  was  organized  April  i, 

Colls.,  p.  374. 

Pioneers, p. go  1793,  Under  the  style  of   "The  United  Society  of  Whites- 
jones's Annals  ^Q^j^    and    Old   Fort   Schuyler."      August    21,   1794,  Rev. 
Bethuel  Dodd  was  installed  pastor. 

Up  to  the  year  1798  the  history  of  the  place  is  mainly 
the  chronicle  of  a  list  of  pioneers  whose  integrity  and  thrift 
laid  the  foundations  of  the  future  city's  growth. 


II. 

THE  VILLAGE  OF  UTICA. 

1798 — 1832. 

THE  men  of  Old  Fort  Schuyler  now  felt  the  need  of  more 
formal  organization  and  applied  to  the  legislature  for 
an  act  of   incorporation,   which  was  passed  April   3, 
1798. 

The  village  took  the  name  of  Utica.      It  is  said  that  this 
name  was  chosen  by  lot.      According  to  the  story,  some  of  pioneers  p  s 
the  inhabitants  of    the  village,    discussing  the    matter  at 
Bagg's  Tavern,  decided  to  settle  it  by  allowing  each  to  write 
the  name  of  his  choice  and  put  it  in  a  hat  ;  the  first  name  ^\^^!_'® .  ^"*': 

^  '  cal    Period    of 

drawn  out  to  be  adopted.     This  proved  to  be  Utica,   "the  Am.  Hist.,  pp. 
choice  of  that  eminent  classical  scholar,  Erastus  Clark."      '^ '^' 

There  was  a  second  charter  in  1805,  and  a  third  in  18 17. 
(See  XIV.)     By  the  third  charter  Utica  was  made  a  town,  ibid,  p.  7,. 
separate  from  Whitestown.     The  records  of  the  first  seven 
years  of  the  village  were  destroyed  by  fire    in    1848,  and 
we  have  little  knowledge  of  the  official  acts  of  that  time. 

The  Directory  of  1832  says  :    "The  gentleman  who  wasTT.- 

■^  ->  J  o  utica      Direc- 

the  first  President  of  the  Village  (i  798),  Talcott  Camp,  Esq. ,  tory,   1832,  p. 
is  still  resident  in  the  city."  '^^ 

The  first  tax  list  which  we  have  is  that  of    1800,  when 
the    taxes  amounted  to  $40. ,    and    the   highest  sum  was  Pioneers,  pp. 
$2.,  paid  by  John  Post,  the  pioneer  merchant  and  tavern '^^3. 97- 
keeper. 

The  first  newspaper  in  Utica  was  the  W/ntesioivn  Gazette 
and  Catos  Patrol,  published  in  1798  by  William  McLean,  ibid.,  p. 83. 
He  had  first  published  it   at    New  Hartford  in    1794  under 
the  name  of  the  Whitestozvn  Gazette. 


lO  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Mrs.  whitch-      We  are  told  that  the  first  paper  printed  in  the   county 

er's  stray  r    r  r  / , 

Leaves  in  the  which  was  also  the  first  west  of  Albany,  was  the  Western 
^il^:^^^  Sentinel,  established  by  Oliver  P.  Easton,  at  Whitesboro, 

Whitesboro,  '  -'  '  ' 

P-4I.  in  January,  1794,  and  continued  six  years. 

Water  for  the  village  use  was   obtained    in    1802,  when 

the  "  Utica  Aqueduct  Company"  brought   water   in  a  log 

T.  Hopper  in  aqueduct  from  springs  at   the   foot  of   the  sand  bank  (now 

Trans.   O.    H.     ^  r        b  », 

s.,  1885-6,         Spring  street),  through  the   pasture    lots   to  the  corner  of 
Genesee  and  Liberty  streets,  and  down  Genesee. 

In  1824,  the  Erie  canal  caused  the  severing  of  the  aque- 
duct, but  a  new  company,  the  Utica  Aqueduct  Association, 
was  formed  in  1832,  and  erected  works  in  the  same  re- 
gion two  years  later.  The  deed  of  the  property  on  which 
some  of  these  springs  are  situated  contains  a  clause  reserv- 
ing to  the  Association  the  right  to  obtain  water  from  this 
source.      It  actually  did  so  until  1850. 

The  Utica  Water  Works  Company  was  incorporated 
March  31,  1848. 

In  1805  three  wells  were  dug,  which  were  in  use  for 
joneers,  p.  g^j^g  time.  That  in  the  centre  of  Bagg's  square  was 
Trans,  o.  H.  long    kept  opcu,  and  was  a  gathering  place  for  the  inhabi- 

S.,  1885  6.  .  r      1  -n  1  •  r 

tants  during  a  great  part  of  the  village  life. 

In  1793  the  Presbyterians  had  organized  a  religious  socie- 
ty, (See  I.)  and  church-going  people  of  every  denomination 
Pioneers,  pp.   j^gt  for  worship  in  the  school  house,  the  Presbyterian  min- 
ister conducting  the  services  and  giving  part  of  his  time  to 
Utica  and  part  to  Whitesboro. 

A  church  building  was  erected  in  1806-7,  on  the  corner 
of  Washington  and  Liberty  streets,  on  a  lot  given  by  Major 
John  Bellinger  with  the  sole  condition  that  he  should  have 
bid.,  p.  213.     ^     g^  jj^  ^j_^g  church. 

Ibia.,  p.  33g,  r^ 

The  Presbyterian  Church  of    Utica  was  separated  from 


THE  VILLAGE  OF  UTICA I79S-1832.  II 

that  of  Whitesboro  in   1S13,    while   as   early  as    iSo;  the 

.         Ibid.,  p.  215. 

Utica  society  had  organized   separately  for  the  transaction 
of  business. 

Trinity  Church  was  organized  in  179S.  by  Rev.  Philander 
Chase.      In  a  few  N-ears   it  was  reorganized,  the  certificate  o-'^-Perkias, 
01  incorporation  bearing  date  Aug.  14,  i;^C4.      ihe  present  server.    Sept. 
lot  was  obtained  in  accordance  with   a   promise   from  the  ^°'  ^^''■ 

^  Pioneers,  pp. 

Bleecker  family  to  give  a  lot  to  the  first  church  that  should  ti-i^-^ 
be  erected.     The  present  building  was    used   in  1806.  and 
completed  in  iSio. 

In  the  earlv  part  of  this  period  manv  Welsh  families  set- ^  ., 

•    ^  ^  -  Io:d..  pp.   134- 

tled  in  Utica.    and  in    iSoi  a  Welsh  Baptist  Church  was  130. 
formed — the  first  Church,  exclusively  of   Utica,  whose  or--^°^*sg..  ' 
ganization   has  been  continuous  and  services  unbroken  to  "^^°"*^=^'-'^^ 

Co.  ia  Trans. 

the  present  time.      In    1S04.    a  small  church  was  built  by  o.  h.  s.  issg- 
the  Welsh  Congregationalists.  '''' 

Ser\-ice5  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  were  first  held 
in  Utica  in  1S19.  in  the  building  on  John  street,  which 
served  as  Court  House  and  Academ\'. 

St.  John's  Church  was  soon  organized  ;  the  present  lot. 
on  the  corner  of  John  and  Bleecker  streets,  was   given   bv  ^1^   ^"  ^ 
Judge  Morris  S.  Miller,  and  a  building  consecrated  in  1S21. 

A  large  number  of  charitable  and  missionarj-  societies 
were  organized  in  this  period,  some  of  which  are  still  in 
existence.  Among  them  was  The  "Female  Charitable  So- '-'^'^•p- ^30. 
ciety  of  Whitestown,"  organized  in  1806,  which  was  'the 
first  benevolent  association  of  the  county  of  which  we 
have  any  knowledge." 

For  many  years  the  children  of  all  denominations  gath- 
ered in  one  Sundav  School,  organized  in   18 16.      The  firsts., 

"-  iDid.,  pp.   414- 

book  of  Scripture   questions  compiled  for  Sunday  Schools 4^^,012  613. 
in   this  country  was  prepared  in  1S24  by  the  Superintend- 
ent of  this  school.  Truman  Parmelee. 


12  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

In  1811  there  was  a  military  company  in  the  village — 
the  Independent  Infantry  Company.  In  the  war  of  181 2 
some  of  its  members,  as  well  as  others,  about  sixty  in  all, 

M.  H.,  pp.  107,  ^sre   enrolled   as  volunteers,  (February,    181 3),  and,  as  a 

112,113.  new  company,  commanded  by  Captain  William  Williams, 

were  attached  to  the  134th  Regiment.  They  were  not 
called  into  battle,  but  a  few  other  volunteers  from  Utica 
were  in  active  service  in  different  organizations,  and  some 
were  drafted. 

(For  Uticans  in  the  navy,  see  XI.) 

Pioneers,  pp.        Soldicrs  also  often  passed   through   the  village  on  their 

309-313.  y^^y  ^Q  Qj-  fj-om  some  military  post. 

Commodore  Perry  visited  Utica  soon  after  his  victory 
on  Lake  Erie,  and  received  a  public  dinner  from  the  citi- 
zens, (Nov.  3,   1813.) 

The  first  directory  was  issued  in  1817.  It  contained  a 
Lzsl  of  tJic  American  Navy,  with  the  statement,  "The 
ships  in  italics  denote  vessels  captured  from  the  British." 
The  second  directory  was  issued  in  1828,  and  the  third  in 
1829. 

In    1817    all    business  was  prosecuted  below  Catharine 

street.      Residences  were  scattered  above  this  point.      The 

roadways  were  unpaved,  but  sidewalks  were  made  of  flag- 

M.H.,p.  129.    ging,  cobble,  gravel  or  tan  bark,  to  suit  the  convenience  of 

the  householders. 

Forests  skirted  the  village  on  the  south  side,  above 
South  street  and  east  of  Third  street.  Clearings  were 
more  frequent  in  the  direction  of  Whitesboro,  but  the 
forest  reached  to  La  Fayette  street. 

Between  18 17  and  1825  the  Erie  canal  was  construct- 
ed.     (See  VIII.) 


THE  VILLAGE  OF  UTICA I798-I832.  13 

In  1824  the  first  State  Nominating  Convention  ever 
held    in   New    York    met    in   Utica.      It  was  held  by  the  „ 

•^  Hendnck's 

"People's    Party,"  which    advocated     the    nomination    of  Brief  Hist,  of 
party  candidates  by  such  convention  of  delegates,    not  by  ^^^^^^.^^^  ^ 
members  of    the  Legislature,    and  the  choosing  of  Presi- 
dential Electors  by  vote  of  the  people  as  is  now  done,  not 
by  the  Legislature. 

The  Convention    nominated  DeWitt  Clinton   for   Gov-,,  , 

Columbian 

ernor.      He  was  elected  by  the  people,  who  thus  endorsed  Gazettcutica. 
his  policy  in  favor  of  the  canal.  ^^   ''*''  ''^' 

June   10,   1825,  Gen.  La  Fayette  visited  Utica,  entering 

the  village  by  the  street  that  now  bears  his  name,  and  re-  Pioneers,  pp. 

■   •  ...         ,  .  ,        .  .  627-630. 

ceivmg  an  enthusiastic  welcome  from  the  citizens. 

It  is  interesting  to  notice  the  early  efforts  of  the  citizens 
in  behalf  of  the  needy  and  oppressed.      In  1824,  and  again  it>i<3<p-  557 

M.  H.,  p.  177. 

in  1827,  they  sent  aid  to  the  Greeks  suffering  from  Turkish  Columbian 

tyranny,  and  in  1831  to  the  Poles,  then  in  their  last  strug- ^^^'^^"pg^,    °' 

gle  with  Russia.      La  Fayette,  in    a  letter  dated  Nov.  29,  ^827. 

1 83 1,  acknowledged  the  receipt  of  nearly  $1,000.  which  ^^^^xy^cik^or'^'' 

had   promised  to    transmit  for   Uticans  to  the  Polish  suf-  Sept.  27, 1831. 

ferers. 

As  early  as  18 16  ordinances  had  been  passed  to  number 
the  buildings  on  Genesee  street,  and  affix  the  names  of  the 

^  _  M.  H.,  p.  i2«. 

streets  to  the  corners.      In  1829  other  ordinances  gave  the 
business  portion  of   the  village  clean  streets  each  week,''    ■'P"'°- 
while  other  streets  were  cleaned  once  a  month. 

The  directory  of  this  year  tells  us:  "The  first  bridges 
across  the  canal  in  this  town  were  erected  in  1820;  the 
first  street  paved  in  1822,  viz. — Genesee  from  the  corner  of 
Whitesboro  street  to  the  Erie  canal. 

"Public   lamps   were   first  lighted   December  29,   1827, 


14  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

viz. — 55  extending  from  the  foot  of  Genesee  street  to  the 
intersection  of  Court,  and  at  the  corners  in  other  streets." 
In  the  hst  of  officers  of  the  Town  and  Village  we  find 
Bell-ringers,  Fence-viewers,  Measurers  of  wood  and  coal, 
and  Pound-masters. 

We  may  mention  here  that  a  little  later,  in  some  of  the 
city  directories,  we  find  Superintendents  of  the  Brother- 
town    Indians,    also    Peace-makers    for    the    Brothertown 
ircctones      Indians,  as  well  as  an  Attorney  for  the  Brothertown  and 

1832,  1833,    i°34- 

jones'sAnnais  New  Stockbridge  Indians,  and   one  for  the  Oneidas.      The 
pp.  265-267.       Peace-makers  were    Indians,  appointed    probably    by   the 

Governor    and    Senate,    and  the  office  answered  in   most 

respects  to  that  of  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

The  Brothertown  Indians  were  remnants  of  tribes  from 

New    Jersey,    New    England  and  Long  Island,  who  were 

invited  by  the  Oneidas  to  occupy  part  of  their  territory. 
ibid.,p.  8go.  They  began  to  come  before  the  Revolution,  and  in  1786 
Dwight's'^'  Rev.  Samson  Occum,  an  educated  Mohegan,  brought  to 
Travels,  Vol.  ^j^g  viciuity  IQ2  members  of  various  tribes,  including  Mon- 

TII,  p.  130.  ^      ^  . 

tauks,  Mohegans,  and  Narragansetts.  Their  settlements 
lay  in  the  present  limits  of  Oneida  County,  partly  in  the 
town  of  Kirkland,  but  chiefly  in  Marshall. 

The  Stockbridge  Indians  were  also  invited  by  the  Oneidas 
to  come  from  Massachusetts,  and  arrived  at  about  the  same 

Jones'sAnnais    .  i  ■  •       y^        •  i-  /-. 

p.  247.  time,  settling  in  Oneida  and  Madison  Counties,  and  calling 

ibM.,  pp.  887-^j^gjj.  j^g^  j^Qj^g  j^g^  Stockbridge. 

About   1822  the  Indians  of  this  region  began  a  migra- 
tion westward  which  went  on  for  many  years.      The  Bro- 
thertown and  New  Stockbridge  Indians  and  the  main  body 
Jones'sAnnais  of  the  Oucidas  fomicd  settlements  at  Green  Bay,  Wiscon- 
Gridiey's Hist,  sin,  whcrc  they   have   prospered.      A  few  Oneidas  are  all 
Town  of  Kirk- ^j^^l^  now  remain  in  our  neighborhood. 

land.  '^ 


THE  VILLAGE  OF  UTICA I798-I832.  I5 

Slavery  existed  in  Utica  in  early  times,  and  slave  sales 
were  once  common,  the  last  announcement  of  such  sales  gg,  120, 6.33-635. 
being  probably  in  1817.      In  1820,  when  there  were  10,000^°^'''"'^^'*^°°^ 

o  t^  -^  '  ...  monwealth  of 

slaves  in  the  State,  there  were  only  nine  in  Oneida  County,  n.  v.,  voi.  11, 
Slavery  ceased  in  the  State  July  4,   1827.  ^'^^^' 

In  1798  President  Dwight,  of  Yale  College,  had  traveled  Dwight's 
through  this  part  of  the  State,    and  says   in  his  Travels :  ^^-^y.^wox. 
"  Utica  was  a  pretty  village,  containing  fifty  houses."  iii, p.  130. 

In  1 83 1  the  population  was  about  10,000,  and  in  Novem- pjojjegj.s  p  g^ 
ber  of  that  year  a  meetmg  of  citizens  was  called  to  consider  Directory, 

1832. 

the  subject  of  asking  the  legislature  for  city  privileges.  m.  H.,p.  ig?. 


III. 
THE   CITY   OF   UTICA 

FROM  ITS  INCORPORATION    TO   THE   CIVIL   WAR. 

1832-1861. 

UTICA  was  incorporated  as  a  city  by  Act  of  Legislature 
^.  .^^  passed  February   13,    1832,    in    accordance   with   the 

petition  of  the  people. 
The  city  extended  north  of  the  canal,  from  Third  street 
to  the  grounds  now  occupied  by  the  State  Hospital.  South 
of  the  canal  the  streets  were  laid  out  very  much  as  at 
present,  as  far  as  Rebecca  (now  South)  street,  on  the  east 
of  Genesee  street,  and  as  far  as  Plant  on  the  west. 

In  the  summer  of  1832,  the  cholera  epidemic,  which 
utica  Sentinel  ^^^  then  raging  all  over  the  country,  broke  out  in  Utica.  A 
and  Gazette,   general  pauic  prevailed,  so   that  business  was  almost  sus- 

Aug.  14,  Sept. 

11,25,1832.  pended  ;  the  churches  and  schools  were  closed,  and  it  is 
M.  H.,  p.  408.  estimated  that  fully  one-third  of  the  population  fled  from 
the  city.  The  Mayor,  however.  General  Joseph  Kirkland 
(the  first  Mayor  of  the  new  city),  remained  at  his  post, 
taking  all  possible  measures  to  check  the  spread  of  the 
pestilence,  and  to  mitigate  its  horrors,  establishing  hospi- 
tals for  the  sick  and  ministering  to  the  dying. 

THE    SLAVERY    QUESTION. 

Much  interest  and  excitement  was  aroused  in  Utica  by 
the  Anti-slavery  movement.  During  the  years  1 834-5  pub- 
lic meetings  were  held  at  which  resolutions  were  passed 
Ibid  ^2  .g  denouncing  the  agitation  of  the  subject,  and  on  the  21st 
of  October,  1835,  ^  ii^ob  gathered  around  the  Bleecker 
Street     (Second    Presbyterian)     Church,   where  an  Anti- 


THE  CITY  OF  UTICA 1  S  32-6  I.  \^ 

Slavery  Convention    was    organizing,    and  by  threats  and^  ^ 
violence,  forced  the  Convention   to  adjourn  without  trans-inXrans.  o. h. 
acting    any   business.      Gerrit    Smith,  then  a  young  man,  ^jj.^^   7  g.  p  • 
was  present  as  a  spectator,  and  his  indignation  was  so  great  Frothmg- 

^  r  '  ^1  &  ham's  Life  of 

at  the  intolerance  shown,  that   he  invited  the  delegates  to  oernt  smith, 
hold  their  convention  at  his  home  in  Peterboro,  which  they  ^'^  '  *^' 
did. 

A  year  later  (winter  of  1836-7)  great  excitement  was 
caused  by  the  arrest  of  a  fugitive  slave,  and  his  trial  in 
Utica,  during  which  a  mob — this  time  on  the  side  of  the 
'oppressed — broke  into  the  court  room,  during  the  recess  of 
the  Court  and  carried  off  the  prisoner.  He  was,  it  is  said,  ^-  ^'P-^^q- 
sent  into  Canada  by  the  "underground  railroad;"  that  is, 
by  a  secret  understanding  between  those  whose  sympathies 
were  with  the  slave,  he  was  sent  on  by  night  from  one  post 
to  another  until  he  reached  the  border. 

FINANCIAL   CONDITION. 

Utica  early  had  a  bonded  debt,  and  in  October,   1834,  it 

,  , .         ,  ,  .  M,  H.,  p.  223. 

was  obliged  to  borrow  money  to  meet  its  current  expenses. 

In  1837,  there  was  widespread  depression    in    business  j^^j^j^p^^^^j 
and  financial  distress  of  which  Utica  had  her  full  share. 

A  very  destructive  fire  added  to  the  calamities  of  that 
year.  Starting  from  Broad  Street,  it  consumed  almost  all 
the  buildings  between  Genesee  and  John  Streets,  as  far  as 
Bagg's  Square;  also  many  buildings  on  the  west  side  of 
Genesee  Street. 

TRIAL    OF    MC  LEOD. 

In  1 841  occurred  the  trial  of  Alexander  McLeod,  a  sol- 
dier in  a  Canadian  regiment,  for  the  murder  of  an  American 
citizen.  The  case  was  important,  for  the  trial  of  a  British 
subject  by  an  American  court  might  bring  about  trouble 
with  England.      These  were  the  facts  : 

In  1837  a  rebellion  took  place  in  Canada,  the  conflict 


15  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

w.H.  Sew-     beine:  called  the  Patriot  War.      A  party  of  insursfents  and 

ard's  Wks.,Ed.  °  _  _  r  j  o 

1887,  Vol.  II.     American  sympathizers  seized  Navy  Island  on  the  Canadian 
DatHeVweb-    ^^^^  *^^  ^^^  Niagara  River,  and  kept  up  communication  with 

ster'swks.,     ^hc  American   shore   by   the  steamboat  Caroline.      On  the 

Ed.  1887,  Vol.     .    ,  .    ^  1  .     , 

VI.,  pp.  247-6q.  night  of   December  29,   1837,  this  boat  was  destroyed  by  a 

Roberts' New  gj-jj-jgh  forcc  from  Canada,  and  an  American  was  killed. 

York,  Vol.  II., 

pp.  5qoi.  In  February,   1841,  McLeod  was  arrested  in  Buffalo  and 

of  Daniel  Web- indicted  for  the  murder  of  an  American  on  this  occasion. 
ster(i87oi,Voi.  f  jjg  (.a.se  was  finally  tried  in  Utica,  October,   1841,  before 

II.,  pp.  53,  sS. 

M. H,pp.        Judge  Philo  Gridley,    with    Joshua     A.   Spencer    counsel 

5424.  for  McLeod. 

An  alibi  was  proved,  and  the  prisoner  acquitted,  and 
international  complications  which  might  have  proved  seri- 
ous were  thus  avoided. 


Wendell '.s 
Repts  ,  Vol. 


M.  H.,  p.  244. 


WASHINGTONIAN    MOVEMENT. 

In  1841-43  there  was  a  great  interest  in  the  cause  of 
temperance,  awakened  by  the  "Washingtonian  Movement," 
so  called  because  it  was  supposed  to  be  in  line  with  the 
opinions  of  Martha  Washington,  whom  it  adopted  as  its 
patron  saint.  Its  motto  was  "moral  suasion,"  and  a 
great  change  in  social  customs  was  effected. 

POLITICAL    CONVENTIONS. 

In  1848  several  State  Conventions  were  held  in  Utica, 
three  of  which  were  important.  The  Democracy  of  the 
State  had  split  into  two  parties  on  the  subject  of  slavery 
extension,  one  party  siding  with  the  South  and  the  other, 
the  "Free  Soilers,"  opposing  the  extension  of  slavery  into 
the  territories.  These  took  as  their  motto,  "Free  trade, 
free  labor,  free  soil,  free  speech,  and  free  men." 

The  National  Democratic  Convention  met  at   Baltimore 
utica  Daily     jj^   M^v  and   nominated   Lewis  Cass  for  President.     Two 

Gazette,    May 

26,  27,  2g,  30,  sets  of  delegates  appeared  from   New  York  and  both  were 
'^*^'  admitted,  which  pleased  neither. 


THE  CITY  OF  UTICA — -1832-61.  I9 

The  first  of  the  three  conventions  mentioned  above  was  ^^.^    ^ 

Ibid.,  June  21, 

that  of  the  Free  Soilers,  which,  on  June  22,  met  in   Utica  23,  ^4,  Aug.  n, 
in  the  Methodist  church  on  Bleecker  Street,  and  nominated  "'''*' '  *  ' 
Martin  Van  Buren  for  President. 

One  of   the  resolutions  adopted  set   forth    "the  duty  to 

•         •  f  XT  T       ■  IT     Albany   Atlas, 

preserve  the  extensive  territories  of  New  Mexico  and  Can-  juiy,  1848. 
fornia  for  a  home  for  the  free  laborers  of  the  world." 

The  outgrowth  of  this  was  a  larger  Free  Soil  Convention, 
having  delegates  from  various  States,  which  met  in  Buffalo 
in  August  and  made  the  same  nomination. 

September    13,  the    other    two    conventions   mentioned 

.         r    .  \  Utica  Daily 

met  in  Utica  at  the  same  hour  :    a  second  one  held  by  the  Gazette,  Sept. 
Free  Soilers  to   nominate  Presidential   Electors  and  State  " '^' '^*^' 
officers;  and  that  of  the  Liberty  Party  in  Mechanics'  Hall. 
The  Liberty  Party  was  formed    to    oppose  slavery,  and, 
at  this  meeting,  after  adopting  the   resolutions  and  candi- gj^gp^j.^-, 
dates  of    the   Buffalo  Convention,  the   meeting  adiourned,  ^'*'^*^°^^° 

Buren,  Ed. 

and  the  delegates  marched  to  the  Court  House,  where  the  iSq?, pp.  35469. 
Free  Soilers  were  assembled,  and  were  received  as  honorary 
members  by  that  Convention. 

•^  Wilson  s  Rise 

Thus  we  see  that  in  Utica  were  taken  some  of  the  steps  and  Fail  of  the 

by  which  the  opponents  of  slavery  were  drawing  together,  in^Ameri^!^ 

and  which  ultimately  led  to  the  formation  of  the  Republi-^*^^  ^^■■'  v°^- 

II.,  pp.  125-60, 
can  party.  167. 

This  movement  in  New  York  State  resulted  in  the  defeat  Von  Hoidt's 

of  General  Cass,  and  the  election  of  General  Zachary  Tay-  u°s.\  vok  iil, 

lor,  the  Whig  candidate,  as  President.  pp-  359-400. 

MEXICAN  WAR,    ETC. 

The  Mexican  War  (18/1.5-1848)  affected  the  city  but 
slightly,  although  some  Uticans  were  in  the  field.    (See  XL) 

The  Irish  famine  occurred  during  this  period,  and  large 
contributions  were  made  for  the  sufferers. 

A  series  of   fires,  destroying  much  property,  occurred  in 


20  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

185  I.      They  were  believed  to  be  the  work  of  incendiaries, 
and  the  volunteer  fire  department  was  implicated.     Several 

Utic*  Daily  1  •         1  n  • 

Gazette,  Nov.,young  men  were  obliged  to   flee   the   city  to  escape  arrest, 
22. 1851.  ^^^  ^j^g  ^g^g  brought    to  trial,  convicted  of    arson  in  the 

M  H  p  20  ^^^^  degree  (then  a  capital  offence),  and  executed.  In 
consequence  of  this,  the  fire  department  was  entirely  re- 
organized. 

In  this  year,  (1851),  the  great  singer,  Jenny  Lind,  visited 
Ibid.,  p.  267.     Utica  and  gave  a  concert  in    the    Bleecker  Street  Baptist 

Daily  Gazette.  °  ^ 

July  15, 1851.    Church. 

The  following  year,  Louis  Kossuth,  the  illustrious  Hun- 
garian patriot,    was  received  by  a   committee  of    citizens 

Ibid.,    June  2,  .  1      i  1    •         1 

1852.  (June  I,  1852),  and  a   public  meeting  was  held  in  the  Mu- 

M.  H., pp.  271-2  ggyj^^  which  stood  on  Genesee  Street  between  Elizabeth 
and  Bleecker. 

There  yet  remain  in  Utica  a  few  of  the  notes,  "good 
for  one  dollar  each,  if  presented  one  year  after  the  attain- 
ment of  Independence  by  Hungary",  mementos  of  the 
patriot  fund  raised  during  this  American  visit. 

FINANCIAL  DIFFICULTIES. 

The  year  1855  was  a  stormy  one,  financially  considered. 
The  city  was  deeply  in  debt,  and  there  was  no  money  in 
the  treasury  to  expend  on  improvements. 

The  citizens  demanded  greater  economy,  while  the  Com- 
mon Council  proposed  to  apply  to  the  Legislature  to  amend 
the  charter  to  enable  them  to  increase  the  taxes. 

The  amendments  were  secured,  but  little  was  done  in 
the  direction  of  economy,  and  in  1857  a  crisis  was  reached. 
The  new  Common  Council  found  means  to  bring  about  a 
repeal  of  a  section  of  the  amendments  which  made  a  re- 
duction in  expenditures.  This  was  done  so  hastily  as  to 
be  practically  secret. 

When  the  citizens  learned  this,  there  was  great  indigna- 


THE  CITY  OF  UTICA — 1832-61.  21 

tion.      Public  meetings  were  held,  and  resolutions  passed, 

,  ,.  ,  .  r      ,  .  ,T^,   .  J  M.  H.,  pp.  284, 

demanding  the  restoration  of  the  section.      Ihis  was  done  ,87.3. 
by  the  Legislature  of   1858. 

The  continued  difficulty  in  securing  efficient  and  econom- 
ical administration  led  to  an  amendment  in  the  charter  in 
1 86 1,  making  the   Aldermen  personally  liable   for  all  ex-^^"*'  ^^-  ^'^^' 
penditures  exceeding  the  amount  prescribed  by  law. 

This  provision  has  never  been  repealed. 

ANTI-SLAVERV    CONVENTION. 

Once  more  an  attempt  was  made  to  hold  an  Anti-Slavery 
Convention  in  the  city,  twenty-five  years  after  the  disgrace- 1.  pree  discus- 
ful  tumult  which   made  Gerrit  Smith   an  Abolitionist.      It^^°°  ^"^  utica 

in  Jan.  1861,'' 

was  advertised  to  be   held  in  Mechanics'  Hall,    January    14  [pamphlet]. 
and  15,  but    after  the  hall  had  been  engaged,  the    Direc- 
tors of  the  Mechanics'  Association   refused  to    allow  it   to 
be  used  for  this  purpose. 

The  Common  Council  also  passed  a  resolution  disapprov- 

^  Daily  Papers 

ing  the  meeting. 

A  crowd  gathered  before  the  hall  on  the  afternoon  of  the 
14th,  and  lawless  acts  were  feared. 

It  was  impossible  to  hold  the  meeting  in  a  public  place, 
but  the  delegates  and  their  friends  met  in  a  private  house 
and  transacted  business. 

As  the  city  was  nearing  the  end  of  its  third  decade,  its 
condition  was  one  of  great  apparent  prosperity.  It  was 
growing  rapidly,  having  more  than  doubled  its  population 
since  it  became  a  city  ;  manufacturing  interests  were  large, 
and  all  looked  promising  for  the  future.  Immersed  in 
business  cares  or  other  interests,,  men  seemed  to  have  no 
thought  of  the  clouds  that  were  gathering,  or  looked  upon 
them  as  temporary  shadows  that  soon  would  pass  away. 


IV. 


UTICA  DURING  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 


O 


1861-1865. 

|N  account  of  the  troubled  state  of  the  country,  a  meet- 
ing was  held  in  the  City  Hall,  February  i,   1861. 
u  Heraw  ^'^°  ^^  general,  compromise  measures  were  advocated, 

Feb.  2,1861.      for  men  still  thought  that  by  such  means  the  Union  could 

be  saved. 
M.  H.,  p.  300.        President  Lincoln  passed  through  the  City  on  his  way  to 
Daily  Papers.  Washington,  February  18,  and  spoke  very  briefly  from  the 
rear  platform  of  the  train. 

FIRST    AND    SECOND    ONEIDA    COUNTY    REGIMENTS. 

Fort  Sumter  fell  April  14. 

April  15,  President  Lincoln  called  for  75,000  men  for 
three  months,  and  on  that  day  the  Utica  Citizens'  Corps 
"resolved  that  the  Corps  will  be  ready  to  march  at  forty- 
eight  hours'  notice,  fully  armed  and  equipped." 

On  the  same  day  measures  were  taken  in  the  City  to 
organize  a  "Volunteer  Battalion  for  Central  New  York." 
April  20,  a  public  meeting  was  held  to  give  support  to 
the  government,  and  provide  means  for  the  destitute  fam- 
ilies of  volunteers.  Over  $8,000  was  subscribed.  There 
was  "unbounded  enthusiasm  and  devotion,"  and  a  Com- 
mittee on  Subscriptions  was  formed  which  continued  the 
semicenten-  work  with  energy. 

niai  u.  c.  c,        The  Corps  left  Wednesday,  April  24,  and  was  the  first 
u.  Herald,       company  to  report  for  duty  at  Albany. 

Apr.  25. 1861.         j^  ^^^  quickly  followed  by  other  companies  from  the 
city    and  neighboring  country,  and  at  Albany,  these  were 


U.  Herald, 
Apr.  16,  1861 


U.  Herald, 
Apr.  16,  i8( 


U.  Herald, 
Apr.  21,  186 


UTICA  DURING  THE  CIVIL  WAR — 1861-65.  23 

united  to  form  the  Fouyttenth  New  York  Volunteer  Regi- 
vient.  It  was  at  first  called  the  Corps  Regiment.  The 
Utica  Citizens'  Corps  became  Company  A.,  and  its  captain, 
James  McQuade,  was  made  Colonel  of  the  Regiment. 

Five  of  its  ten  companies  came  from  Utica. 

June  17,  it  started  southward,  and  was  the  first  regiment  Address  of  a. 
to  pass  through  Baltimore  a.fter  the  attack  on  the  Massa- ^'^^j^p^^^^j.'^ 
chusetts  Sixth,  on  April  19.  Mayiy,  iSgs. 

The  companies  of  the  Volunteer  Battalion  left  Utica   in  u.  Herald, 
the  first  days  of  May.      They  met  at  Elmira  and  formed  the  ^^^^'  ^'  '^^'• 
Twenty-Sixth  Regiment,  Nezv  York  Volunteers. 

It  was  recruited  and  commanded    by   Col.  William    H. 
Christian. 

A  ladies'  meeting  to  aid  the  volunteers  was  held  in  the 
chapel  of  the   First   Presbyterian  Church,  Friday,  May  3,  u.  Herald, 
and   a   committee  of   ladies  representing  fifteen  churches  ^^y-*' '^^'■ 
was  formed. 

This  organization  w^orked  steadily  throughout  the  war,  u.  Herald, 
meeting  regularly  in  the  Common  Council  Chamber  in  the  ^^'^^  ^^'^^ '^^^• 

r^.,       TT    11  J  1  •  ,       .     •  JunescJulyz, 

City  Hall,  and  on  several  occasions  entertainments  were  Dec.  15-17, 1864, 
given  to  raise  funds.  ^*°' 

Throughout    May   and    June,  flags   were  raised   on   the 
school  buildings,  with  speeches  and  music. 

June  25,  a  great  celebration  of  all  the  schools  was  held  u.  Herald, 
in   Chancellor  Square.     About  3,000  pupils  were  present,  •^^"^^^' '^^'' 
and  every  school  was  represented. 

Recruiting  went  on  constantly  in  the  summer  and   fall 
of  1861. 

In  October  there  were  twenty-three  recruiting  officers  in  u.  Herald, 
Utica,  and  Oneida  County  volunteers  in  fifteen  different    '"'■"' ^ 
organizations. 

THIRD  ONEIDA  COUNTY  REGIMENT. 

The  organization  of  the  third  Oneida  County  Regiment 


24  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

was  begun  in  September,  1861.  It  was  mustered  into 
service  at  Boonville  as  the  Ninety -Seventh  Nezv  York  Vol- 
unteer  Regiment,  February  15,  1862,  and  passed  through 
Utica  on  its  way  to  the  front,  March  12. 

It  was  called  the  Conkling  Rifles,  and  was  commanded 
Address  A.  B.  by  Col.  Charles  Wheelock,  of  Boonville.  It  was  made  up 
Paprrs'^Feb  ^  ^^"^^^^  wholly  of  men  from  towns  bordering  on  the  Adiron- 
19, 1898.  dack  Wilderness. 

FOURTH  ONEIDA  COUNTY  REGIMENT. 

In  July,  1862,  in  response  to  the  third  general  call  for 
troops,  a  committee  of  gentlemen  was  appointed  to  aid 
enlistments,  and  a  patriotic  meeting  was  held  in  the  City 
Hall. 

For  the  week  beginning  August  25,  business  places  were 

closed  at  4  p.  m.,  each  day,   that    every  man  might  work 

to  secure    enlistments  ;    and   meetings    were  held   almost 

every  night. 

M.  H.,pp.  311,      Liberal  bounties  were  offered   by  the  State  and  County, 
312. 

and  advance  pay  by  the  national  government. 

Under  these  circumstances,  the  Fourth  Oneida  v/as  raised 

and  mustered  in  at  Rome,  August  20,  1862,  as  the  One 
Address  R.  Huitdred  and  SeventeentJi  New  York  Volunteer  Regiment, 
Dany*^pip"rs,  Col.  William  R.  Pease,  commanding.  It  numbered  1,100 
Mar.  23,  i8q8.    men,  and  so  numerous  were  the  enlistments    that  it  Vv^as 

necessary  to  refuse  to  receive  more. 

Each  company  had  the   maximum    number,    and  every 

town  in  the  county  was  represented.  There  were  Utica 
Ibid.  men  in  five  of    the  companies,    and    they    composed   the 

whole  of  one  of  these,  Co.  H.      They  passed  through  the 

city  August  22. 

FIFTH  ONEIDA  COUNTY  REGIMENT. 

A  surplus  of  nearly  two   hundred  volunteers  remained, 


THE  CITY  OF  UTICA 1861-65.  25 

when  the  Fourth  Oneida  was  formed,  and  the  organization 

of  a  new  regiment  was  at  once  begun.  ^^^       ^  ,^ 

"  °  Address  T.  M. 

Col.  Kenner  Garrard  of  the  regular  army  was  given  com-  Fiandrau,  in 
mand,  and  October  ii,  it  was  mustered  in  at  Rome,  as  the  Apr.  13,  iSgs. 
One  Himdrcd  and  Fcrty-Sixth  Nezu  York  Regiment. 

RETURNING    REGIMENTS. 

Although  the  President's  first  call  was  for  three  months' 
men,  and  the  quota  of  the  State  was  less  than  13,000,  the  p^J^f'^^y"^'^ 
Legislature,  on  April  16,  1861,  authorized  a  call  for  30, 000  Herald,  Apr. 
for  two  years,   to    be    turned    over  to    the    service  of  the 
United  States  when  required. 

The  first  two   Oneida   regiments,  therefore,    enlisted  for 
two   years,    and  May  20,   1863,    returned  to  Utica,  where 
they  were  welcomed  with   a   reception.      School   children,  u.  Herald, 
ranged   on   arches  of  triumph,  sang  patriotic  songs.      Ad- ^.^b.  f' chace 
dresses  were  made,  and  a  banquet  was  served  to  the  men  ^°  ^^'^"^ 

•       /-u  11         o  Papers,  May 

m  Chancellor  Square.  17,1898. 

These  regiments  belonged  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  ^^^'^  ^- 

"  "  ■'  Jones,  m  Dally 

and  were  in   many  battles;  among  them,  Antietam,  Fred- Papers,  Dec. 
ericksburg,  andChancellorsville.      The  list  of  engagements  E.'F.wetmore 
in  which   these  and  the  other   Oneida    County  regiments  ^°  °^'^^ 

■'  '^  Pap-rs,  Dec. 

took  part  may  be  read  upon  their  battle  flags.  15,18-7. 

In   August,    1863,  eight  New  England  regiments  passed  ^fBluL^Frags 
through   Utica    on    their  way  home  from    Louisiana    and  (Pamphlet). 

...  -^  U   Herald, 

Mississippi,  and  were  hospitably  entertained  at  the  depot.  Aug.  ,7,  18,20, 

22,   2'?,   1863. 

A  draft  was  ordered  in  this  year,  and  carried  out  in  Utica,  3^^.  oaiiy  ^^°' 

August  25-29.  Papers. 

LIFE    AT    HOME. 

Besides  the  supplies  sent  through  the  Ladies'  Aid  Society  ^-  herald, 
^^^  ...  y'^pt- 19.  Oct. 

to    the    Sanitary  Commission,    liberal    contributions  were  10, 1S63  May  3, 

given  in  the  city  to  the  Christian  Commission.      There  was  ^gg^/^^' '^' 

also  a  Utica  Freedman's   Relief  Association.      Money  was 


U.  Herald, 
Apr.  20,  27, 


26  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

also  sent  to  the  suffering  laborers  in  England  and  in    Ire- 

U.  Herald, 

Dec.  I,  15, 16,    land. 

A^r  18  186  ^^^  were  the  thoughts  of  the  citizens  wholly  taken  up 

u.  Herald,  with  such  serious  matters.  They  listened  to  lectures, 
etc.,  Dec,  '27,  humorous  and  instructive,  and  enjoyed  photographs  of 
1861,  etc.  streets   and   buildings,  then   first   exhibited.      In  186"?    the 

U.  Herald,  . 

Mar.  10, 1863.    stereopticon    was  first  shown.     The  same  year    the    first 
•.p.  3ig    street  railroad  was  put  in  operation. 

CLOSE    OF    THE    WAR. 

Here  as  elsewhere,  the  preparations  for  celebrating  the 
victorious  close  of  the  war  were  mterrupted  by  the  news 
1865.  of    the    murder  of   President   Lincoln.      The  funeral  train 

M.  H.,  p.  324. 

passed  through   the   city  April  26,    1865.    Already,  on  the 
19th,  memorial  services  had  been  held  here. 
Hist.  117th  Tune  18,  the  i  I7th  Regiment  passed  through  the  city  on 

Reg't.  pp.  223-        J  . 

229.  its  return,  and  was  formally  received  at  the  depot,  where 

Daggett  in  tables  wcre  spread  for  the  refreshment  of  the  men.  June 
Daily  Papers.  28,  they  Were  mustered  out  at  Syracuse. 

March  23,  i8q8.  .  .         .  tt      i  j     • 

The    regiment  saw  service  in  Charleston  Harbor  and  in 
Virginia  in  1863  and  1864.      It  took  part  in  the  two  expe- 
ibid.  ditions  against   Fort   Fisher,    near  Wilmington,  N.  C,  in 

the  second  of  which  the  Fort  was  captured,  (January  15, 
1865,  )  and  was  the  first  regiment  to  plant  its  colors  on  the 
parapet. 

July  22,  the  146th  was  welcomed  home,  and  August   i, 

the  97th  came    from    Syracuse    for   a    similar    reception. 

Hist.97th  Reg.  The  same  honors   were   paid  these   regiments  as  had  been 

Daily  Papers.  ^.^^^  ^^  ^^^  ^^^j^  ^^^  26th  two  years  before.      Tables  were 

spread  in  Chancellor  Square,  and  addresses  of  welcome 
made. 

When  the  97th — the  last  one  to  return — arrived,  the  old 
M.  H.,p.  375.    j-eginients  acted  as  its  escort. 

The   146th  was  in  twenty-two  battles,    and  was    three 


THE  CITY  OF  UTICA 1861-65.  2/ 

times  complimented  for  distinguished  gallantry.  These 
regiments  were  in  the  great  battles  of  Fredericksburg, 
Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg  and  The  Wilderness,  and  were 
present  at  the  surrender  at  Appomattox.  The  97th  was 
also  at  the  second  Bull  Run  and  Antietam,  and  took  part  in  Address,  t.  m. 
the  great  review  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  at  Washing-  o^^y  p'ape'J-s 
ton,  at  the   close  of  the   war.      The   men  of  the  Q7th  had  ^p^-  13.  iSgs. 

1  •        T-    1  ^1  -Address,  A.  B. 

enlisted  for  two  years,  but  m  February,    1864,    nearly  all  snow, in  Daily 
re-enlisted    for   three    years,  receiving   a   thirty  days'   fur-  P^pers.Feb.ig. 
lough  and  $400.  bounty.      It   served  in   every  year  of  the 
war,    and  was   in  battle    under  every   commander   of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac.      "In  length  of  service,  list  of  bat- ibid, 
ties,  and  roll   of   dead,  it    stands  at    the    head    of    Oneida 
County  regiments." 

Besides  the  five  regiments  already  mentioned,  the   Sec- 
ond Artillery,  N.  Y.  Volunteers,  was  partially  recruited  in  Gen.  McQuade 
Utica;  as  were  Bates'  Battery  and  companies  of  the    14th  ^"  ^®"'^f°" 

'  J  tr  T       tennial  City  of 

Artillery,    24th    Cavalry,    57th    Infantry,  and   others.      Al- utica,pp.22, 47- 
together,    as    many    as    thirty-seven   regiments   contained  oneidaco. 
Oneida  County  men.      Nine  or  ten  of  the  officers  attained 
the  rank  of  General. 

In   the   course  of  the  war  there   were  twelve   calls  f or  Pfaisterer's 
troops,  for  longer  or  shorter  periods,  the  number  of  men  ^.,^  '        '^^' 
required  being  about  2,500,000.      Of  these,  about  500,000  ^- *^-'P- ^•♦g- 

^  .        '='  '  J        '  ^        '    _         U.  Herald, 

were  furnished  by  New  York,  and  about  10,000  by  Oneida  juiy  22,  1865. 
County. 

The  necessity  for  more  men  ceased  to  exist  before  most 
of  the  states  had  completed  their  quotas.  In  Oneida 
County  the  last  two  calls  were  not  filled. 

AFTER  THE  WAR. 

October  21,  1867,  a  Post  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Re- 
public was  established  in  Utica,  and  named  Post  Bacon. 
For  some  time  it  was  the  only  Post.     The  name  commemo- 


M.  H.,  p.  307. 


28  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

rates  Adjutant  Wlliam  K.  Bacon,  only  son  of  Hon.  W.  J. 
Bacon.  He  enlisted  in  the  14th  Regiment  and  was  soon 
transferred  to  the  26th,  of  which  he  became  Adjutant. 
He  was  mortally  wounded  at  Fredericksburg,  and  died 
three  days  later,  December   16,   1862,  aged  twenty. 

There  are  now  three  other  Posts,  named  respectively  for 
Major  W.  H.  Reynolds  of  the  14th  N.  Y.  Heavy  Artillery ; 
Capt.  John  F.  McOuade,  of  the  14th  N.  Y.  Infantry;   and 

U.  Herald,  t^       J  ^  ^  t  J  ' 

Oct.  13,  i8gi.  Capt.  Frederick  Harrer,  also  of  the  14th,  who  was  wounded 
and  taken  prisoner  at  Gaines  Mills,  and  died  in  a  few  days, 
July  13,   1862. 


Daily  Papers. 


General  Grant  visited  Utica  several  times.  One  of  these 
occasions  was  the  meeting  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland, 
September  15,  1875,  when  Gen.  Sherman  and  Gen.  Hooker 
were  also  present. 


Daily  Papers. 


October   13,   1891,  a  Soldiers'  Monument  was  unveiled 
in  Oneida  Square. 

At  Waterville,  June    10,   1899,  a  monument  to  the  Sol- 
Daiiy  Papers,  dicrs  and  Sailors  of  Sangerfield  and  Marshall,  was  dedicated 
with  appropriate  ceremonies. 

The  battle-flags  of  the   Oneida  County  Regiments  have 

been  given  for  safe  keeping   to   the  Oneida  Historical  So- 

Daiiy  Papers,  cicty.      Several  of    these  flags  had    been  presented  to  the 

Presentation  .  ,,,.  ..  ,  ..i  ^ii_ 

of  Battle  FiaRs  regiments  by  the  ladies  of  Utica,  and  one  to  the  97th  by 
(Pamphlet),  the  ladies  of  Boonville.  Those  of  the  14th,  26th,  117th, 
146th  Infantry,  and  of  the  2d  Heavy  Artillery,  as  well  as 
the  colors  of  the  5th  Corps  Headquarters  and  of  the  2d 
Brigade,  were  received  with  appropriate  ceremonies  at  the 
Munson-Williams  Memorial  Building,  December  14,  1897  ; 
and  those  of  the  97th  Infantrv,  similarly.  May  10,   1898. 

D.  C.  Stod-  - 

dard'sAd-  The  2d   Flcavy  Artillery    "was  not   strictly  an   Oneida 

Pa^iTrs'^De^c^^  Couuty  regiment,  and  yet  we  believe  that  more  men  served 
15,1897.  in  it  from  this  county  and  vicinity  than   in  any  regiment 


THE  CITY  OF  UTICA 1861-65. 


29 


which  was  organized  within    it    and    called  by  its  name.  Presentation 

°  .of  Battle 

More    than  four    thousand    names    were    borne    upon  its  Flags,  .pam- 

rolls."  Pblet),   pp.  33. 


Field  Officers  of  Oneida    County  Regiments. 

{Authorities,  Reports  of  Adjutants  General,  State  of  New  York, 
1866,1868.  Muster  Rolls,  N.  Y.  S.  Vols.  Phisterer's  Statist.  Record. 
Hists.  97th  and  117th  Reg'ts.) 

I4TH    N.    Y.    VOL.    INFANTRY. 

(iSt  Oneida.)  Date  of  commission. 

May  17,  1861 — May  24,  1863. 

Colonel.  James  McQuade,  June20,  1861. 

Brevet  Maj.  Gen.  U.  S.  V.,  March  13,  1865. 

Lieut.  Colonels.      (i)  Charles  H.  Skillen,      June  24,  1861. 
Killed  at  Gaines  Mills,  Va. ,  June  27,  1862. 

(2)  Thomas  M.  Davies,      July  21,  1862. 


Majors. 


(i)  Charles  B.  Young,        June  24,  1861. 

(2)  Thomas  M.  Davies,      Jan.    3,    1862. 

(3)  Lewis  Michaels,  July  21,   1862. 


Colonels. 


26TH    N.    Y.    VOL.    INFANTRY. 

(2d  Oneida.) 

May  21,   1861 — May  28,  1863. 

(i)  William  H.  Christian,  June  20, 1861. 
(2)  Rich'd  H.  Richardson,  Nov.  24,1862. 


Lieut.  Colonels. 


Majors. 


(i)  Rich'd  H.  Richardson,  June  20, 1861 . 
(2)  Gilbert  S.  Jennings,     Nov.  29,  1862. 

(i)  Gilbert  S.  Jennings,     June  20,  1861. 
(2)  Ezra  F.  Wetmore,       Nov.  29,  1862. 


30  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

97TH    N.   Y.    VOL.  INFANTRY. 

(  3d  Oneida.) 
February  7,   1862 — July  18,   1865. 

Date  of  Commission. 

Coionds.  (i)  Charles  Wheelock,       Mar.  10,  1862. 

Brevet  Brig.  Gen.  U.  S.  V.  for  distinguished 
service  on  the  field  of  Weldon  R.  R.  (Aug.  19, 
1864).      Died  Jan.   15,  1865. 

(2)  John  P.  Spofford,  Jan.  31,  1865. 

Brevet  Brig.  Gen.  U.  S.  V.,  Mar.   13,   1865. 

Lieut.  Colonels.       (i)  John  P.  Spofford,  Mar.  10,  1862. 

(2)  Rouse  S.  Egelston,       Jan.  31,  1865. 

Majors.  (i)  Charles  Northrup,         Mar.  10,  1862. 

Disabled  at  The  Wilderness,  May  6,   1864. 

(2)  Rouse  S.  Egelston,      Jan.  31,  1865. 

(3)  Delos  E.  Hall,  Jan.  31,  1865. 

II7TH    N.    Y.    VOL.   INFANTRY. 

( 4th  Oneida.) 

August  20,   1862 — June  28,   1865. 

Colonels.  (i)  William  R.  Pease,        Aug.  22,  1862. 

Brevet  Brig.  Gen.  U.  S.  V.,  Mar.  13,  1865. 

(2)  Alvin  White,  Sept.  5,   1863', 

(3)  Rufus  Daggett,  Aug.  12,  1864. 
For  signal  service  at  Chapin's  Farm  (Sept.  29, 

1864),    Brevet    Brig.    Gen.    U.    S.    V.,    Jan.   15, 
1865. 

Lieut.  Colonels.       (i)  Alvin  White,  Aug.  22,  1862. 

(2)  Rufus  Daggett,  Sept.  5,  1863. 

(3)  Francis  X.  Meyers,       Aug.  12,  1864. 
Brevet  Colonel  for  gallant  and  meritorious  ser- 
vices at  Fort  Fisher  (Jan.   15,  1865). 


THE  CITY  OF  UTICA 1  86  I -6  5  3  I 

Date  of  Commission. 

Majors.  (i)  Rufus  Daggett,  Aug.  22,  1862. 

(2)  Francis  X.  Meyers,       Sept.  5,  1863. 

(3)  Egbert  Bagg,  Aug.  12,  1864. 
Brevet  Lieut.  Colonel  for  gallant  and  meritori- 
ous services  at  Fort  Fisher  (Jan.   15,   1865). 

I46TH  N.    Y.    VOL,  INFANTRY. 

(5th  Oneida.) 

October  10,   1862 — July  16,   1865. 

Colonels.  (i)  Kenner  Garrard,  Sept.  23,  1862. 

Capt.  5th  U.  S.Cav. 

Brig.  Gen.  U.  S.  V.,  July  23,  1863. 

Maj.  Gen.  U.  S.  V.,  Dec.  15,  1864. 

Maj.  3d  U.  S.  Cav. 

Brevet  Maj.  Gen.,  U.  S.  A.,  Mar.   13,   1865. 

(2)  David  T.  Jenkins,         Aug.    3,   1863. 
Killed  at  The  Wilderness,  May  5,  1864. 

(3)  James  G.  Grindlay,    Feb.   15,   1865. 
Brevet  Brig.  Gen.,  U.  S.  V.,  Mar.  13,  1865. 

Lieut.  Colonels.       (i)  David  T.  Jenkins,  Oct.  11,  1862. 

(2)  Jesse  J.  Armstrong,  Oct.    7,   1863. 

(3)  Henry  H.    Curran,  May  18,  1864. 
Killed    at    The  Wilderness,  May  5,  1864.      He 

was  acting    Lieut.  Col.,    and  his    commission  as 
such  reached  his  family  after  his  death. 

(4)  James  G.  Grindlay,      Feb.    i,   1865. 

(5)  Peter  Claesgens,  Mar.    30,  1865. 

Majors.                     (i)  David  T.  Jenkins,  Oct.    2,   1862. 

(2)  William  S.  Corning,  Oct.  18,  1862. 

(3;  Henry  H.  Curran,  Oct.    7,   1863. 

(4)  James  G.  Grindlay,  May  18,  1864. 

(5)  Peter  Claesgens,  Dec.    7,   1864. 

(6)  Isaac  P.  Powell,  Mar.  30,  1865. 


32  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

2D  N.    Y.    HEAVY  ARTILLERY. 

Colonels.  (i)  Jeremiah  Palmer,  of  Oriskany. 

(2)  Gustave  Wagner, 

(3)  Milton  Cogswell,  U.  S.  A. 

(4)  J.  V.  G.  Whistler,  U.  S.  A. 

Lieut.  Colonel.        Henry  P.  Roach. 
Majors.  Alexander  Douel. 

William  A.  McKay. 


V. 

INDUSTRIAL  GROVv/TH  OF  UTICA  AND 
VICINITY. 

[Data,  unless  otherwise  indicated,  obtained  through  the  kindness  of 
Mr.  Quentin  McAdam,  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce.] 

THE  importance  of  the  manufacturing  enterprises  of  the 
city  and  its  environs  may  be  appreciated  by  keeping 
in  mind  the  fact  that  the  various  Cotton  and  Woolen 
Mills,  Clothing  manufactories,  Furnaces,  Foundries, 
Knitting  mills,  Lumber  yards,  Boiler  and  Machine  shops, 
and  other  industries,  including  Agricultural  Implements, 
Electrical  Supplies  and  Automobiles,  have  a  capital  of  more 
than  $12,000,000. ,  and  annual  sales  of  $15,250,000.,  and 
give  imployment  to  13,523  operatives  (7,958  men,  5,565 
women,)  with  a  yearly  pay-roll  of  $4,000,000. 

COTTON  AND  WOOLEN. 

The  Cotton  and  Woolen  industries  alone  have  a  capital 
invested  of  $  5 ,  000, 000. ,  and  furnish  constant  employment  to 
5,000  operatives,  paying  them  $2,000,000.  annually; 
and  the  yearly  sales  of  the  manutactured  product  amount 
to  $6,  500,000.  These  are  the  most  important  industries 
of  Utica. 

The  first  Cotton  mills  in   the   State,  as  well   as  the  first 

.  .  H.  Hurlburt, 

Woolen  mills,  were,  so  far   as   known,  established  in  the  in  Trans,  o.h. 
town  of  W^hitestown,in  the  present  limits  of  Oneida  County.  ^•'^^^7^'  pp- 
The  earliest  was  the   Cotton  factory  which  stood    nearly  Dr.  Bagg,  in 

1  •  r       I        1  -n  -KT  17      ,     Ti'Mi  e         Trans.  O.  H.S. 

on  the  site  01   the  lower  mill   at    New  York  Mills,   "a  few  jj 
rods  south  of  the  canal  above  Yorkville." 

The  prime  mov^er  in  this,  as  in  the  other  early  factories  of 
the  county,  was  Dr.  Seth  Capron,  who,  with  others,  bought 
3 


31,  pp.  112-24 


34  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

land  and  water  privilege  for  the  mill  February  2, 1808.  Ben- 
jamin S.  Walcott,  of  Rhode  Island,  was  one  of  the  early 
co-partners  who  assumed  the  name  "Walcott  and  Co."  They 
began  the  spinning  of  cotton  yarn  November,  1809,  the 
first  public  advertisement  dating  November  13.  Mr.  Wal- 
cott soon  returned  to  the  East,  and  Benjamin  S.  Walcott, 
Jr.,  who  was  also  one  of  the  stockholders,  became  Super- 
intendent or  Agent.  The  company  was  incorporated  as 
the  "Oneida  Manufacturing  Society,"  March  10,   1810. 

The  power  loom  for  weaving  cotton  was  introduced  into 
this  country  in  18 12,  and  first  used  at  Waltham,  Mass., 
the  process  being  kept  secret  as  long  as  possible.  It 
Vv'as  discovered,  and  put  in  operation  in  Whitestown  in  1817, 
The  Oriskany  Manufacturing  Society  was  incorporated 
February  16,  1  8 1 1 ,  and  within  a  year  began  making  woolen 
goods  on  Oriskany  Creek,  obtaining  the  finer  kinds  of  wool 
from  the  Mt.  Merino  Association,  which  maintained  nu- 
merous flocks  of  costly  sheep  on  Dr.  Capron's  farms  at 
Decrfield.  The  wool  industry  was  very  profitable  during 
the  war  with  England  ;  but  when  importations  were  re- 
sumed on  the  return  of  peace,  prices  fell,  and  great  losses 
were  suffered. 

The  New  Hartford  Manufacturing  Society  was  incorpo- 
rated by  special  act,  March  30,  18 10,  to  make  cotton  and 
H.Huribuit,  in  woolen  cloths  ;  but  apparently  only  cotton  goods  were 
1887-9,  pp.  55,  made.  The  property  was  ultimately  purchased  by  the  New 
^*-  Hartford  Cotton  Manufacturing  Company,  organized  1870. 

Ibid,  p.  56.  The  Capron  Cotton  Manufacturing  Company  was  incor- 

Dr.  BaKg.in^  poratcd  April  5,  1 8 14.  The  present  name  is  the  Utica 
i88i,pp.i2o,  121.  Cotton  Manufacturing  Company.  Its  capital  is  $100,000. 
The  "Whitestown  Cotton  and  Woolen  Manufacturing 
Ibid  p  iiq  Society"  was  organized  January  13,  1813.  It  was  known 
J.  Harris,  in     ^Iso  as  Walcott's  Factory;  and  as  the  Buhr-stone  Factory, 

Trans.  O.  H.S.  ,        ^  ,  ,  -r^  i     i-,     i  -n       ■  i 

1887-0.  p.  57.      from  the  fact  that  the   French  Buhr  mill-stones  were  used 


Ibid,  p.  iig. 


INDUSTRIAL  GROWTH  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY.  35 

in  it.      It  was    the  outgrowth  of    a    grinding  or   grist  mill 

....  ^  ,   .    ,  ,  11-1  T  ^'-  Herald, 

built  in   1796,   which    stood    near    the   line  between  New  Apr.  i,  1890. 
Hartford  and  New  York  Mills,  above  all  the  present  struc-  (^f pf'^t^d  ^n 

^  Walcott  Ma- 

tures of   New  York  Mills.      Benjamin  S.  Walcott  was  the  moriai.) 

superintendent  of  the  change  from  a  grist  mill  to  a  cotton 
factory. 

In  1824,  Mr.  Walcott,  as  agent  of  Benjamin  Marshall  of 
New  York,  erected  a  large  five-story  mill  in  what  is  now 
New  York  Mills,  for  the  manufacture  of  fine  shirtings,  "the 
first  attempt  made  in  the  country  at  producing  yarns  of 
the  finer  grades."  The  name  New  York  Mills  was  assumed 
in  184c.  In  1856  the  firm  Walcott  and  Campbell  was 
established  (W.  D.  Walcott  and  S.  Campbell),  and  in 
1884  the  change  was  made  from  a  co-partnership  to  the 
corporate  form.  The  capital  stock  is  now  $1,000,000.,  the 
three  large  cotton  mills  employing  more  than  3,000  opera- 
tives ;  and  120,000  spindles  and  27,000  looms  are  actually 
working. 

The  first  builder  of  cotton  and  woolen  machinery  in  this 
State,  west  of  the  Hudson,  was  Oliver  G.  Rogers,  who 
came  from  Rhode  Island  early  in  the  century,  and  estab-  ^'■-  ^^'^'* 

•'  Rogers. 

lished  a  factory  at  Willowvale  about  1817.  For  the  next 
ten  years  he  supplied  the  factories  of  the  vicinity  with  their 
machinery. 

Coming  now  to  the  City  of  Utica,  we  learn  that  about 
the  year  1846,  Mr.  B.  F.  Cooper  published  a  series  of  let- 
ters in  the  Uiica  Daily  Gazette,  setting  forth  the  value  of 
the  city  as  a  site  for  manufactories,  and  boldly  proclaiming 
the  idea  of  the  superior  value  of  steam  for  manufacturing 
purposes  over  water-power.  In  a  short  time  capital  was 
secured  and  a  company  formed.  This  was  the  beginning 
of  the  Utica  Steam  Cotton  Mills.  The  company  was 
incorporated  February  17,   1847,  and  the  actual  manufact- 


M.  H.,  p.  603. 


36  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

ure  of  cotton  began  in    1850.       The  capital  has  increased 
from  $120,000.  to  $690,000.,  with  a  surplus  of  $400,000. 

In  this  industry  we  may  mention  also  the  Mohawk  Val- 
ley Cotton  Mills  (organized  1880,  capital  $1,000,000.),  the 
Skenandoa  Cotton  Company  (1881),  which  manufactures 
yarns  for  fine  hosiery  and  for  knit  goods,  (capital  $600,000. , 
surplus  $400,000.).  and  the  Utica-Willowvale  Bleaching 
Company,  whose  works  are  at  Chadwicks  (capital  $250,- 
000.). 

The  Utica  Steam  Woolen  Mills,  incorporated  1846,  man- 
ufactured broadcloth,  etc.,  up  to  1877. 

The  Utica  Globe  Mills  Company  was  formed  in  1847, 
and  was  succeeded,  in  1855,  by  the  Utica  Woolen  Mills, 
which  name  was  afterwards  changed  to  the  Globe  Woolen 
Mills.      Its  capital  is  $300,000.,  with  a  very  large  surplus. 

CLOTHING. 

Second  in  importance  ranks  the  manufacture  of  Cloth- 
ing. In  this  industry  Utica  stands  third  among  the  cities 
of  the  State,  New  York  being  first  and  Rochester  second. 
The  industry  dates  back  to"  1836,  and  thirteen  different 
establishments  have  made  Utica  a  centre  in  this  branch  of 
industry.  Their  total  capital  is  $2,500,000.,  and  4,500 
operatives  are  employed,  with  a  yearly  pay-roll  of  $640,000. 
and  a  yearly  sale  of  $3,500,000. 

FURNACES. 

The  third  industry  of  importance  is  that  of  Furnaces, 
which  dates  from  1832.  In  the  fall  of  1898,  all  but  two  of 
the  companies  in  this  business  were  consolidated,  and  com- 
bined with  two  companies  of  Syracuse,  with  the  name  of 
the  International  Heater  Company.  It  is  understood  that 
the  allied  capital  is  $1,800,000.  They  give  employment 
in  Utica  to  700  men,  with  a  yearly  pay-roll  of  $450,- 
000.,  and  a  yearly  sale  of  furnaces,  stoves,  and  heating 
apparatus  of  $1,200,000. 


INDUSTRIAL  GROWTH  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY.  37 

KNIT  GOODS. 

The  fourth  place  may  be  assigned  to  the  Knit  Goods 
manufacture,  originated  in  1863  for  the  manufacture  of 
stockings  for  the  army  during  the  Civil  War.  There  are 
eight  or  more  important  companies,  including  one  at 
Whitesboro.  The  total  invested  capital  of  the  companies 
approximates  $1,000,000.,  furnishing  employment  to  1,700 
hands,  with  a  yearly  pay-roll  of  $538,000.,  and  sales  of 
$2, 160,000. 

Incidental  to  this  manufacture  may  be  mentioned  the 
Scotch  Cap  Industry. 

LUMBER. 

In  the  business  of  Lumber,  nine  firms  and  corporations 
are  engaged,  the  Charles  C.  Kellogg  and  Sons  Company 
being  the  most  important.  Of  these,  two  do  a  large 
wholesale  trade,  and  one  is  extensivel}'  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  sash,  doors,  blinds  and  boxes.  It  has 
been  estimated  that  18,000,000  feet  of  lumber  are  hand- 
led. The  amount  of  capital*  invested  is  $300,000.  The 
hands  employed  number  290,  with  a  yearly  pay  roll  of 
$150,000.,    and  sales  of  $1,000,000. 

FOUNDRIES. 

Another  greatly  diversified  industry  is  that  of  the  foun- 
dry interests.     In  this  line  we  may  mention  the  following  : 

The  Utica  Pipe  Foundry  Company,  with  a  capital  of 
$120,000.  The  capacity  of  the  works  is  75  tons  of  fin- 
ished product  per  day,  requiring  the  services  of  i  50  work- 
men.     The  annual  sales  amount  to  $300,000. 

The  J.  H.  Williams  Company,  which  manufactures  all 
kinds  of  mill  supplies,  and  has  a  capital  of  $125,000. 

The  Savage  Repeating  Arms  Company,  which  has  a 
capital  limited  to  $250,000. 


38  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

MERCANTILE  ASSOCIATIONS. 

In  July,  1879,  a  meeting  of  citizens  to  encourage  manu- 
factures was  held  at  the  Butterfield  House.  At  this  meet- 
ing it  was  stated  that  cotton  goods  from  this  city  were  sent 
to  Constantinople,  and  locomotive  lamps  to  Australia, 
New  Zealand,  and  South  America.  An  association  was 
formed,  under  the  title  of  the  Utica  Manufacturing  and 
Mercantile  Association,  to  encourage  the  manufacturing  and 
other  business  interests  in  and  about  the  city  of  Utica. 
The  first  officers  were  Addison  C.  Miller,  President  ;  John 
D.  Kernan,  Philo  S.  Curtis,  Edmund  A.  Graham,  Vice 
Presidents  ;  Edward  Curran,  Treasurer  ;  James  F.  Mann, 
Secretary. 

May  15,  1896,  the  Utica  Chamber  of  Commerce  was  or- 
ganized, and  incorporated  September  2,  of  the  same  year. 
The  present  President  (Nov.  1899)  is  John  C.  Hoxie; 
Secretary,  Correl  Humphrey.  Its  object  is  to  foster  the 
business  institutions  of  the  city,  to  induce  new  enterprises 
to  locate  in  or  near  it,  and  to  promote  the  general  welfare 
of  Utica.  The  Chamber  has  twice  sent  delegates  to  the 
Indianapolis  Monetary  Convention,  and  is  a  member  of 
the  National  Board  of  Trade.  It  has  a  membership  of 
over  four  hundred. 

The  Homestead  Aid  Association,  incorporated  1884,  has 
been  of  great  value  in  helping  working  men  and  women  to 
secure  their  own  homes. 

The  following  industries,  established  in  earlier  days,  are 
still  important  : 

White's  Pottery,  established  about  1828,  by  Noah  White 
and  his  son  Nicholas  A.  White,  on  the  site  of  one  still  ear- 

M.  H.,  pp.  277,  ]jgj-^  ^^g  Qj^g  Qf  ^]^Q  f^j-gi;  j jj  ^\^[q  rcgiou.      Thc  manufacture 
278. 

of  fire  brick  was  peculiar  to  it. 


INDUSTRIAL  GROWTH  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY.  39 

From  the   same  time  date  the  first  steam  enjrines  made 

...  Ibici,  Pt.  11., 

in  Utica,  which  were  manufactured  by  Philo  S.  Curtis.        p.  19. 

In  especial  we  must  mention  the  early  use  of  the  Tele- 
graph in  the  Mohawk  Valley.     This  was  due   to  the  fore- 
sight of  Theodore  S.  Faxton   (1793-1881).      His   name  is 
associated  with  those  of  Silas  D.  Childs  (1794- 1866),    and    g^^Jg^^^g^^^^' 
Tohn  Butterfield   ("1801-1869),    and   earlier  with    that    of4i-4- 

•'  .  .  .  M.  H.,  Pt.  II. 

Jason    Parker    (d.    1830)  in    the    transportation  business,  pp.  g.13, 156-8, 
("see  VIII.),  and  he  was  afterwards  prominent  in  the  man-i^.^' 

^  '  r  Pioneers,  p. 

agement  of  railroads,  manufactories  and  banks.      In  1845-6503- 

AIHPtll 

he,    with  John   Butterfield  and  others,  formed  the    "  NeWp '„. 

York,  Albany  and  Buffalo  Telegraph  Company,"    and  laid 

down  the  first  telegraph  line  that  passed  through  this  val- ^■^•^'"^'?^"^' 

°       ^  '^  o  in  Geog.  Jour- 

ley.      This  was  also  the  first  line  of    commercial    import- nai,  (London) 

1  11111  1  May,  i8qg. 

ance,  and  was  preceded  only  by  a  short  route  between 
Baltimore  and  Washington  two  years  earlier.  (See  XL, 
Morse  and  Chubbuck.) 

BANKS. 

The  first  Bank  established  in  Utica  was  the  Manhattan,  pioneers,  p. 
a   branch   of  the  Manhattan  Bank  of   New  York.      It  was !"' , 

>I.  H  ,  p.  569. 

established  in  1809,  and  continued  till  181 8. 

The  first  purely  local  bank  was   the  Bank  of   Utica.      It 
was  incorporated  June  i,   1812,  began  business  in  Decern- 31^°"^^"'^' 
ber  of   that  year,  and  became  the  First  National    Bank   of  ^^- h.,  p.  570. 
Utica,  September  i,   1865. 

Besides  this,  and  passing  over  others  which  had  only  a 
temporary  existence,  we  name  the  following  which  have 
been  permanent  : 

Oneida  Bank,  incorporated  May  13,   1836;    began  busi- 

^  J        J'  J      '  o  M.  H.,  p.  581 

ness  Nov.,  1836  ;  became  Oneida  National  Bank,  July  i, 
1865. 

Utica  City  Bank,  incorporated  April  8,  1838,  but  not 
opened  till  Sept.  1,  1848  ;  became  National  Bank,  May, 
1865. 


Ibid,  p.  5go. 
Pioneers,  p.4gi 


40  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Oneida  County  Bank,  organized  1853. 
Ibid  p  583  Second    National    Bank,    incorporated     December     10, 

1863  ;  began  business  February,   1864. 

A.  D.  Mather  and  Company's  Bank,  established  March, 
1866  ;  organized  as  a  State  Bank,    November,   1890. 

Utica  Savings  Bank,  incorporated  1820,  but  not  in  op- 
ibid,  p.  5S5.      eration  till  1839,  when  a  new  charter  was  procured   (July 
26). 

The  banks  of  Utica  are  liberal    to  the    merchants,    and 
thus  have  greatly  helped  in  their  prosperity. 

Although  the  business  of  the  city  has  had  periods  of  dif- 
ficulty, notably  during  the  crisis  of  1837  (see  III.),  when 
M.  H.,p.  57S.  some  of  its  banks  failed  and  the  rest  suspended  specie  pay- 
ment for  seven  or  eight  months,  its  advance  for  the  last 
thirty,  and  especially  the  last  fifteen,  years,  if  not  rapid, 
has  been  steady,  and  unusually  free  from  drawbacks;  and 
the  closing  years  of  the  century  disclose  a  prospect  full  of 
promise. 

For  the  full  record  of  Utica's  able  business  men,  includ- 
ing, in  addition  to  those  already  named,  Abraham  Varick, 
John  C.  and  Nicholas  Devereux,  Alfred  Munson,  Montgom- 
ery Hunt,  Henry  Huntington  of  Rome,  and  many  others, 
down  to  our  own  day,  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  inter- 
esting accounts  in  Dr.  Bagg's  Pioneers  of  Utica  and  Me- 
morial History,  and  to  D.  E.  Wager's  pamphlet,  Men  of 
Early  Rome. 

CHEESE    PRODUCTION. 

New  York  is  the  greatest  cheese  producing  State  in  the 
Union,  and  Oneida  stands  at  the  head   of  its   counties  in 
tryof  N.  Y.,     t^jg  respcct,  taking  the  place  which  Herkimer  County  for- 

PP.  14.  54,  57.  1        u     1   1 

merly  held. 
Ibid,  p.  36.  Here  the  first  cheese   factory  was  started   by  Jesse  Wil- 

juneTiSgV     Hams,  in   the   town  of   Rome,  in  185 1.      The  Utica  Dairy 


Gilbert's 
Cheese  Indus 


INDUSTRIAL  GROWTH  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY.  4 1 

Board  of  Trade  was  organized  in  May,  1871,  closely  follow- 
ing that  at  Little  Falls,  which  was  the  first  of  such  boards,  cheese  indus- 

try,  p.  34. 

For  the  last  ten  years,  until  the  present  season,  the  ibid,  pp.  33, 21. 
amount  of  cheese  marketed  here  has  shrunk,  following  the 
general  decline  in  the  trade  throughout  the  country,  but 
Utica  continues  to  be,  as  it  has  been  from  the  start,  the 
greatest  cheese  market  in  the  interior  of  the  country.  Its 
heaviest  transactions  were  in  1889  (number  of  boxes,  i^id.  pp.  34,35. 
441,386),  while  the  sales  brought  in  the  largest  amount  of 
money  in  1887  ($2,415,581.).  During  the  season  of  1899, 
the  amount  of  cheese  marketed  in  Utica  has  probably  been 
heavier  than  for  any  season  during  the  five  years  pre- 
ceding. 


VI. 
THE  SPANISH    WAR. 

O 


,UR  latest  history  brings  us  once   more   to  a  period  of 
u.  Herald,        V^  war.      While  men  and  women  were  collecting  funds 


Mar.  31,  ig 


and  supplies  for  suffering  Cubans,  more  efficient   re- 
lief was  at  hand. 

April  25,   1898,  Congress  declared  a  state  of   war  to  ex- 
Daiiy  Papers,  ist  between  the  United  States   and  Spain,    dating  the  be- 
ginning from  April   23,  when   Spain   dismissed  the  United 
States  Minister. 

April  22,  the  President  had  approved  the  Volunteer  Army 
bill  passed  by  Congress,  and  on  the   23d,  he  issued  a  call 
for  125,000  men  for  two  years.      The  quota  for  New  York 
Ibid.  was  about  12,000,-12  regiments  of  infantry  and  two  troops 

of  cavalry,  the  infantry  to   be   chosen    from   the  National 
Guard. 

COMPANY    E. 

April  26,  the  members  of  the  two  Utica  companies,  the 
28th  and  the  44th  Separate  Companies,  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y., 
were  given  opportunity  to  volunteer,  and  a  large  majority 
of  each  company  responded.  The  44th  was  chosen,  re- 
ceiving its  orders  April  27.  This  company  represented  the 
Utica  Citizens'  Corps.      (See  III.  and  IV.) 

It  left  the  city  May  2,  amid  the  enthusiastic  demonstra- 
tions of  the  citizens,  its  destination  being  Camp  Black, 
Hempstead  Plains,  Long  Island.      Additional  men  followed 

u.  Herald,       j^^y  j^  ^^id  Tune  22.      May  20,  the  Company  was  muster- 
May  21,  iSgS.  -^     ^  -^  ,    ,       ^.         ^^     \^     ,    ^       . 
ed  into  service  as  Co.  E.,   of  the   First   New  York  Provis- 
ional Regiment,  Colonel  Thomas  N.  Barber,  commanding. 
The   company    was    commanded   by     Captain     Lewis    E. 


Ibid. 


THE  SPANISH  WAR.  43 

Goodier  ;  and  after  he  had  accepted  the   appointment  oi 

Ibid,  July  q, 

Major  in  the  203d  Regiment,  by  Captam  Arthur  W.  Pick-  iSgs. 
ard. 

An  officer  of  this  company  was    appointed  Aide   on    the 
staff  of  Gen.  King,  and  sailed  with  him  for   Manila  early  i^'^'^'^^PJ/^' 

o'  -'  Nov.  7,  1898. 

in  November. 

From  Camp  Black,  the  regiment  was  transferred  in  June 
to  the  Forts   in  New  York   Harbor,  Co.  E.  going  to  Fort  ^^^'^' J^"^ '°> 
Hamilton,  and   thence  to  San  Francisco,  July  7.      Reach- 
ing San  Francisco  July  14  and  15,  the  regiment  was  placed 
in  the  Department  of  the  West,  and  assigned   to  garriso  n  ^'^^'^' I^^y  ^2. 
duty  at    Honolulu;  the     Hawaiian     Islands    having   been 
placed  in  this  military  department   by   order  of    the  War  au    i    2    28 
Department,  July  11.      The  regiment  sailed  for  Honolulu  1898. 
August    II,  arriving  August  ly. 

While  in  San  Francisco,  the  men  received  great  kindness  ^^  ^^ 

'^  U.  Observer, 

from  Lieut.  Col.  Oscar  F.    Long,  (Capt.  U.  S.  A.),  Depot  Aug.  27, 1898. 
Quartermaster  ;  a  native  of   Utica   and   once   a  member  of  ^^^  ^^  ^g^^^ 
the  Utica  Citizens'  Corps.      His  efficiency  and  his  thought- 
ful care  for  the  Utica  men  received  high  praise  and  heart}' 
gratitude. 

COMPANY    G. 

Under  the  second  call  for  troops  (75,000  for  two  years),  u  h     m 
the    quota  for    New    York  was  about  8,000, — three  regi- June  is,  21, 
ments  of  infantry  and    three  batteries    of    artillery.      The  i^^^^  j^jy  g_ 
20ist,  2o2d  and  203d    Regiments  were  raised    under  this '^''^• 
call. 

The  enlistment  was  open  to  all,  and  thus  the  28th  Com- 
pany, which  had  volunteered  ninety-two  per    cent,    of    its  ^^^^  j^j^  ^^ 
members  in  April,  could   not  enter  active  service  as  an  or-  iSgs. 

,  ,  ,  I-  .  ,  ,  ,  Ibid,  Apr.  28, 

ganization  ;  but  a  large  number  of  its  members  volunteered  1898. 
in  the  company  recruited  from  Oneida  County  under  Cap- 
tain Charles    Shaver  Horsburgh.     This    became  Co.  G., 


44  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

203d    New  York    Regiment,    Colonel    Walter  S.  Schuyler 

Daily  Papers.  .  •  r^ 

commanding.  It  was  mustered  mto  service  at  Syracuse, 
July  19,  1898,  and  left  for  Camp  Black  the  same  day. 
Sept.  II,  the  regiment  was  moved  to  Camp  Meade, 
Ibid, Sept.  22,  i^ear  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  and  thence,  Oct.  2,  to  Camp  Cone- 
capt.  Hors-  wago  in  the  Conewago  Valley.  At  Camp  Meade  it  be- 
HeraM^A^r  ^amc  part  of  the  2d  Army  Corps.  Nov.  1 1  it  was  moved 
25, 189^  to  Camp  Wetherill,  Greenville,  S.  C. 

U.  Herald, 

Sept.  24,  i8g8 

Mar.  28,  1899.  COMPANY    K. 

July  25,  Major  Joseph  H.  Remmer  began  to  recruit  a 
company  for  the  202d  Regiment  in  Utica.  July  30,  fifty 
men  under  his  command  left  the  city  for  Buffalo,  the 
Daii  Pa  er  Tcndezvous  of  the  regiment.  The  company  became  Co. 
u.  Herald,  K.,  and  August  2,  followed  Co.  G.,  of  the  203d,  to  Camp 
captfRemmer  Black,  and  Sept.  12  to  Camp  Meade.  Nov.  30  the  regi- 
in  u.  Herald,  jnent     left     for    Savannah,  Ga.,    and    Dec.  6,  sailed    for 

Apr.   18.    iSgg.  .... 

Havana,  landing  Dec.  10.  It  was  the  first  body  of  United 
States  troops  to  enter  the  city.  It  was  commanded  by 
Colonel  Stephen  Y.  Seyburn,  (Captain  U.  S.  A.). 

WAR  RELIEF  ASSOCIATIONS. 

Meantime,  with  the  first  note  of  war,  organizations  were 
formed  to  care  for  the  welfare  of  the  soldiers  and  their 
families. 

The  Oneida  County  War  Committee  was  organized  in 
Apr.  26, 189S.  the  rooms  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  April  26,  1898, 
Rept  u.  Her- ^j^(^  (J^J-i^-,„  ^j-^g  ^^^j-  expended  more  than  $2,000.  for  Oneida 

aid.  Apr.  26,  ^       .  '^ 

1899.  county  men  in  the  field. 

The  Women's  War  Relief  Association  of  Oneida  County 
was  formed  in  the  Auditorium    of  the   New  Century  Club, 

U.  Herald.  .  ,  •         i-    1  j     j      -i. 

May  2, 1898      April  30.      At  its  annual   meeting,  when   it    disbanded,  its 

Ibid.,  May  2,    ^Qj-i^    completed,  the    treasurer    reported    disbursements 

amounting    to  more    than  $i,ioo.      The  association    also 


THE  SPANISH  WAR.  45 

sent  to  different  camps  eleven  boxes  of  supplies,  averaging 
in  value  $ioo  each. 

The  Oneida  Chapter  of  the  Daughters  of  the  American 
Revolution  joined  in  the  hospital  work  undertaken  by  the 
national  organization  at  Washington,  and  sent  one  nurse 
for  service.  The  Chapter  also  contributed  largely  in 
money  and  supplies,  the  estimated  total  amount  being 
about  $1,200. 

In  June  a  third  women's   society   was    formed,  auxiliary  ibid.,  June  25, 
to  the  Women's  National  War  Relief  Association.  '^^^' 

The  Board  of  Managers  of  St.    Luke's   Hospital  offered 
the  War  Department,  through  Congressman  Sherman,  ac-  ibid.,  Aug.  30, 
commodations  for   75    sick  soldiers,  but  this  help  was  not '^5^' 
considered  necessary. 

St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital  gave  gratuitous  care  to  four 
soldiers,  and  received  a  fifth  at  reduced  rates. 

NURSES. 

Utica  sent  ten  women  as  nurses   to  the   army  hospitals. 
They  were  Mrs.  Emma  Keith  Booth,  Miss  Justine  Clemens- j^^^^j   gept 
son,    Mrs.    A.  Hannahs  and  Miss  Mary  E.  Hannahs,  Miss d^<=- 2°- ^^-'S. 
Josephine  Shue,    Miss   Florence  Wright,    three  Sisters  of  iSgg.' 
Charity  from  St.  John's  Orphan  Asylum,  and  one  from  St. 
Joseph's  Infant  Home.      Three  or   four  other  women,  for- 
merly of  Utica  or  vicinity,  did  similar  service. 

Dr.  J.  M.  Sweeney,  a  practising  physician  of  Utica,  vol- 
unteered as  an  immune  from  5'ellow  fever,  and  served  sev-  iSgs. ' 
eral  months  at  Santiago,  Cuba. 

Charles  C.  Bangs,  a  native  of  Oneida  County,  who  when 
young  had  served  under  the  Christian  Commission   in  the 

.     .  Ibid.,  Aug.  26, 

Civil  War,  became  a  nurse  of  the   Red   Cross  Society   in  iSgs. 
April,  189S,  and    died   in  the  work  at   Santiago   early    in 
August. 

Thirteen  men  of  Co.  G,    203d  Regiment,  volunteered  as 


46  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

capt.  Hors-     Hurscs  while  at  Camp  Black,  and  were   sent   to    Montauk 

burgh,  in  U.      Point. 
Herald,  Apr. 

25,  iSCQ. 

RETURN    OF    THE    TROOPS. 

Ibid.,  Dec.  26,       Ordeis    for    the    return  of    Co.    E.    reached    Honolulu 

iSqS. 

J.  s.  Cole  13     at  Thanksgiving^  time.      The  men  left  for  home  Dec.  8,  and 
u.  Heraxa,      reached  Utica  on  Christmas  Day,  after  238  davs  of  service. 

Jan.  16,  i3gg.  -^  J  . 

About  twenty  men,  delayed  by  sickness,  arrived  later. 

A  month  afterwards,  Jan.  25,  1899,  a  banquet  was  given 
the  company  by  the  citizens  of  Utica,  at  the  Armory.  Gen. 
Dai.y  P^?«"- Joseph  Wheeler,  U.  S.  A.,  was  a  distinguished  guest. 

The  company  was  mustered  out  at  theiVrmory,  Feb.  23. 
1899. 

u.  Herald,  Co.  G.  was  mustered  out  of  service  at  Greenville,  S.C., 

iiar. 23, isoo     ^jgjrch  2;,  iSqq.  and  reached  Utica,  March  27. 

Co.    K.    left    Cuba    about   the    middle  of    March,    was 

Ibid..  Apr.  i2, 

iSgi}.  mustered    out    at    Savannah,     Ga. ,     and   reached    home 

April   17. 

The  return  of  these  companies  was  celebrated  April  24, 
Daily  Papers,  by  a  parade,  a  banquet  in  the  Masonic  building,  and  a  ball 

in  the  Armor}*. 


U.  Herald. 


Besides  those  in  the  three  Utica  companies,  about  105 
Oneida  County  men  served   during  the  war.      Twenty-one 

Apr.  29,  iSgQ.    of  these  belonged  to  the  9th  U.  S.  Infantry,  and  nine  were 
in  the  Navy. 

Four  men  of  the  Utica  Companies    died   in  the  service. 

u  Herald      J"    Harry  Read  of    Co.  E.,  at  San  Francisco,   August  9, 

Ang.  io,iaqs.    1 898  ;    C.  Harry  Thompson,  who  left   Utica  with  Co.  E., 

isga.'  ^        *  but  was  transferred  to  Co.  H.,  at  Honolulu,  Oct.  15,  1898  ; 

l^^  ^°''- '^' Corporal  O.  Ross  Wheeler  of  Co.  E.,   at  Honolulu,    Nov. 

ibid^  Sept.  29,  J,  1898  ;  Nicholas  Schug  of  Co.  G.,  at  Philadelphia,  Sept. 

'"^^  28,    1898. 


THE  SPANISH   WAR.  47 

Six  Oneida  County  men  belonging  to  other  organizations 
have  also  died  in  the  Spanish  and  Philippine  wars,  includ- 
ing one  who  perished  in  the  destruction  of  the  Maine. 

Ma}"  24.  1899,  medals  were  presented  by  the  Oneida 
County  War  Committee  to  the  m.en  of  Oneida  County  who 
had  served  in  the  Spanish  war.  The  ceremon)-  took  place  ^"^  aper^. 
in  the  Armory,  and  each  soldier  received  a  bronze  medal 
bearing  his  name.  About  350  medals  were  given.  They 
were  distributed  by  the  President  of  the  Women's  War 
Rtlief  Association,  other  ladies  assisting. 

The  guest  of  honor  on  this  occasion  was  Capt.  Charles 
S.  Sigsbee.  U.  S.  N.,  of  the  battleship  Texas,  the  former 
commander  of  the  Maine,  and  the  audience  heard  from  his 
own  lips  the  story  of  the  destruction  of  the  ship. 

Mr.  T.  R.  Proctor,  President  of  the  Oneida  County  War 
Committee,  gave  the  young  men  an  address  of  welcome, 
closing  with  the  words;  "Be  good  citizens,  and  do  what 
you  can  to  improve  the  town  in  which  you  live.  Let  it  be 
said  of  you  when  you  are  gone  that  the  town  is  better  for 
your  having  lived  in  it." 


q^] 


VII. 

CENTENNIAL   CELEBRATIONS. 

*HE  followinj^'  Centennial  Celebrations  have  been  held 
in  the  towns  of  Oneida  County  : 
Mr.  E.  J.  Bar-      Augusta.      Presb3'terian  Churcli  ;  organized   as   a  Con- 
thoiomew,       gregational  Church,  September  7,   1797.      Became  Presby- 
terian 1866.      Celebration,  October  26,  27,   1897. 
B-ookfieid  Brid s^eivatc7\      Congregational       Church  ;        organized 

Courier,    July  ^  fe      fi  »  ^. 

6, i8g8.  March  8,   1798.      Celebration,  June  29,  1898. 

One  Hundred      Caj/idcii.      Congregational  Church  ;   organized  February 

Years  ist         jq    1798,  at    Paris    Hill,    consisting  of   eight  persons  who 

Cong.  VAi.  ^11^1  r>  or 

Camden,  pp.    were    "  about  to  move  to   Fish  Creek,  in  the  township  of 

'' '^'  Mexico,"  now  Camden.      Celebration,  Februar}/ 22,   1898. 

Kirkland.     Settlement  of   Clinton  by  Moses  Foote  and 

Gridley's  "^ 

Hist.,  Town  of  others,  March,  1787.  Celebration,  July  13,  1887.  Pres- 
utica^Daiiy^^  idcut  Cleveland,  whose .  boyhood  was  in  part  spent  in  the 
Papers  village,  was  the  guest  of  honor. 

First  Church  of  Clinton  ;  organized  as  a  Congregational 

Church  by   Dr.  Jonathan  Edwards  the  younger,  August, 

Hist^Tp^         1 79 1,  the  same  month  in  which  he  organized  the  churches 

Cent.  Anniv'y  at  New  Hartford   and   Paris.      Became  Presbyterian  1864. 

Install.  Rev.  »,ir^-i.T  i-         i  i-  nii- 

A.  s.  Norton.  Rcv.  Asahcl  S.  Norton  ordamed  and  mstailed  hrst  pastor, 
September  18,  1793.  Celebration  of  this  latter  event, 
September  27,    1893. 

N  H  rt  Cent       Neiv  Havtford.      Settlement  by  Jedediah  Sanger,  March, 

Trans.  O.H.S.,  1788.     Celebration,  Juno  27,  1888. 
^^'  Presbyterian     Church  ;     organized    as     Congregational 

Cent.  Day,       Church  by  Dr.  Jonathan  Edwards  the  younger,  August  27, 


Pres.  Ch.  N. 

Society  had  organized  June  6,  under  the  name    "  First  Re- 


179 1.      Services    held    in    Tedediah  Sanger's    barn.      The 

Hart.,  p.  19.  '  -^  -'  " 


CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATIONS.  49 

ligious   Society   in  Whitestown."     Rev.    Dan   Bradley  or- 
dained first  pastor,  January  ii,   I7Q2.      As   there  were  no  ^^i"^- p- 'S- 

...  J  '       I  :^  Ibid.,  pp.  32, 23. 

churches  in  the  vicinity  which  could  be  called  as  a  Council 
for  his  ordination,  the  services  took  place  in  Connecticut, 
a  committee  of  the  Church  taking  the  long  winter  journey  .  ., 
to  be  present  at  the  occasion.  Church  became  Presby- 
terian, 1 801.  Celebration,  August  27,  1891,  including 
service  in  the  old  barn. 

Paris.      Congregational  Church  ;  organized  by  Jonathan 
Edwards  as   "the    second  Church    of    Christ   in  Whites- ^^^^  j,'^"*" 
town/'  August  29,    1 79 1.      Celebration,  August    29,   1891. 

St.  Paul's  Church   (Episcopal)  ;  organized  February  13,  u.  Daily  Press 
1797.      Celebration,  June  16,  1897. 

Already,  October   i,   1880,    the    Paris   re-interment   had  Trans,  o.  h. 
taken  place  in  this  village.  82.' 

Colonel  Isaac  Paris  (i  761 -1790)  is  remembered  as  the 
large-hearted  ..lerchant  of  Fort  Plain  who,  in  1789,  sent 
prompt  and  generous  help  to  the  almost  starving  settlers  of 
Clinton.  Three  years  later  (1792)  a  new  township  in- 
cluding Clinton  was  formed  from  Whitestown,  and  the 
people  gave  it  the  name  of  their  benefactor.  In  our  own 
day,  the  old  cemetery  at  Fort  Plain  having  been  aban- 
doned, the  suggestion  was  made  and  accepted  of  removing  ^^  ^^^,  j^.^, 
the  remains  of  Colonel  Paris  to  that  part  of  the  old  town  Town  of  Paris, 
of  Paris  which  still  bears  his  name.  The  plan  was  carried 
out  under  the  auspices  of  a  committee  from  Kirkland, 
Marshall,  and  Paris,  the  towns  once  included  in  that  of 
Paris,  and  the  dust  of  this  early  friend  was  laid  to  rest  in 
the  burial  ground  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  with  religious  serv- 
ices and  commemorative  addresses. 

Tiyr      1        T        ^1  -1  Jones's  Annals 

Rome,      rirst  Methodist  Church  ;  class   organized  1799-  p-sqs 
Celebration,  February  3-5,    1899.  Feb^nsgg. 

Sans:erficld.      Baptist   Church   of   Waterville.      Council 

,  -^  ^  .  U.  Herald, 

to  give  Church  Fellowship  December    15,    1798.      Church  Dec.  20, 1898. 
4 


50  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

took  the   name    "First    Baptist    Church  of    Sangerfield." 

Celebration,  December  19,   1898. 
Jones' Annals       Trent  Oil.     Town     Organized  from    Schuyler,    Herkimer 
u.  Herald,      Couutv,  March24,   1797.      Celebration  in  village,    Decem- 

Dec.  g-ii,  13, 

isq?.  ber  9,   10,  II,  1897. 

Jones' Annals  ^     .         .  ,.,,  ^     ■         \        c-  t  i    • 

p.  469-  The  first    Unitarian   Church  m  the  State  was  formed  in 

Pioneers,  p.  Q2.  ^         i    ,o^- 

one  Hundred  Trenton  about  1805. 

J^r^^yilt'  Utica.  Trinity  Church  ;  organized  by  Rev.  Philander 
^u^ie^s-^r'sps  Chase,  1798  (see  II.).  Celebration,  June  15,  16,  1898. 
Cent.  Anniv.  Wcstniorclaud.  Congregational  Church  ;  organized 
we^tmfre-  "  September  20,  1792.  Celebration,  September  20,  1892. 
j^'ones'  Annals  Mcthodist  Episcopal  Church  ;  class  organized  probably 
Rev^RB.       between     1795     and     1798.      Celebration,    October     i,  2, 

Cauidwell,  ,0,^- 

Westmore  1*^95- 

^^"^-  VVhitestown.      Settlement  by  Hugh  White,    June,   1784. 

Whitestown  ./  o  j 

Cent.inTrans,  Celebration,    JuUC    5,    I884. 

?88i"4.^'  Presbyterian   Church;    organized    April    i,   1793,  as  the 

United  Society  of    Whitestown  and    Old  Fort    Schuyler, 

U    Herald 

Apr.  3, 189?.      "  whose  name  is  still   perpetuated."     Rev.    Bethuel  Dodd 
installed  first  pastor,  August  21,     1794.      (Seel,  and  II.). 
Ibid.,  June  •o-^.gig^^^^.^^^  ^pj.-l  j^  J893. 

Baptist  Church;  organized  June  18,  1796.  Celebra- 
tion, June  18,   1896. 

Oneida  County.  Formed  from  part  of  Herkimer 
^ones  nna;,  ^^^^^^^^  March  1 5,  1798.  Celebration  by  Oneida  His- 
pioneers,p.79-^Qj.i^.al   Socicty   in    Muuson-Williams   Memorial    Building, 

Daily  Papers.  ^ 

Utica,  March  15,   1898. 


VIII.  / 

HISTORY  OF  TRANSPORTATION.    ROUTES  OF 

TRAVEL. 

INDIAN  TRAILS. 

THE  Indians  made  their  journeys  entirely  over  trails  and 
natural  water  ways,  and  these  the  white  settlers  also 
were  at  first  obliged  to  use. 
The  trails  of  this  locality  were  as  follows  :  one  from 
Oneida  Castle  and  another  from  the  Oneida  carrying  place, 
both  of  which  led  east  and  crossed  each  other  at  the  foot 
of  what  is  now  Genesee  Street.  Continuing,  one  trail  kept 
to  the  south  of  the  river  down  the  valley  ;  the  other  branch- 
ed on  the  north  side  of  the  ford,  one  branch  leading  down 
through  Schuyler  to  the  east,  while  the  other  extended 
north  through  the  Black  River  country. 

RIVER    NAVIGATION. 

Between  the  Atlantic  seaboard  and  the  great  lakes,  there 
was  a  direct  route  by  way  of  the  Hudson  and  Mohawk  Riv- 
ers to  the  present  site  of  Rome,  and  from  that  point  by  a  Pager's  Hist. 

^  '  f  J        Oneida  Co.,  p. 

short  portage  of  about  a  mile  to  Wood  Creek,  whence  the  20. 
route  lay  down  the  stream  to  Oneida  Lake,  to  the  Oswego 
River,  to  Lake  Ontario  and  the  West. 

In  the  last  century  the  Mohawk  was  a  stream  of  much 
greater  volume  than  at  present.  It  was  an  important  factor 
in  commerce  even  after  the  roads  in  the  vicinity  of  its 
upper  course  claimed  the  name  of  highways,  and  was  nav-M.  H.,p.  361. 
igable  for  vessels  of  light  tonnage  from  Schenectady  to 
Fort  Stanwix.  In  ascending,  the  river  was  not  dangerous, 
but   the   descent,    over  the   rocky   bed   with   its  numerous 


52  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

shallows,  was  attended  with   much  danger  of  staving  the 
boat. 

In  1796,  navigation  was  greatly  facilitated  by  an  incor- 
porated company  known  as  the  Western  Inland  Lock  Navi- 
gation Company,  the  purpose  of  which  was  to  construct  a 
canal  and  locks  around  the  Little  Falls  on  the  Mohawk, 
and  a  canal  across  the  carrying  place  at  Rome,  and  to  clear 
of  obstructions  Wood  Creek  and  the  waters  beyond. 

PASSENGER    BOATS. 

Previous  to  1807,  a  line  of  boats  was  established  to  carry 
produce,  and  three  stage  boats  were  added  for  passengers. 
A  weekly  line  plied  between  Schenectady  and  Cayuga.  In 
M.  H.,  p.  362.  181 2,  stage  boats  were  traversing  the  waters  twice  each 
week  between  Utica  and  Schenectady.  The  time  allowed 
for  a  trip  was  twenty-four  hours. 

STATE  OR  TURNPIKE  ROADS. 

The   first   state   road   from  Albany  to   Utica   was   con- 

Pioneeis.  p.  _  -^ 

104.  structed    in  1794,  though   as  late  as    1800   it  was   almost 

impassable. 

GENESEE    TURNPIKE. 

The  section   of  road  from   Utica   west   to   the    Genesee 
River  was  completed  in  1794.      It  was  known  as  the  Gen 
M.H.,p.  367.    esee  Turnpike,  and   led  through  White's  Town,  Oriskany, 
Fort  Stanwix,  etc.      It  was  built  by  the  inhabitants  living 
along  the  line  of  the  road. 

The    same  year  legislative    action    was    taken    to  con- 
struct   a    road    from    Albany    to    Utica.        The     Mohawk 
Turnpike  and  Bridge  Company  was  awarded   the  contract 
Burton's  Hist,  to  build  a  scction  of  ten  miles  of  road  on  the  north  side  of 

Herk.  co.,p.    ^j^g  rivcr.     It  was  built  in  an  expeditious  but  unsubstantial 
214. 

manner,  of  the  materials  found   along  the   hne,    and   the 

work  proved  unsatisfactory. 


HISTORY  OF  TRANSPORTATION ROUTES  OF  TRAVEL.         53 

SENECA    TURNPIKE. 

In  1800,  a  charter  was  granted  the  Seneca  Turnpike 
Company  to  construct  a  road  from  Utica  to  the  western 
part  of  the  State,  by  way  of  New  Hartford,  Kirkland,  Ver- 
non, Oneida  Castle,  etc. 

It  followed  the  line  of  the  Indian  trail,  but  was  less  cir- m.  h.,  p.  368. 
cuitous.      The  road  leading  across    the  Mohawk    between 
Utica  and  Deerfield    was  also  straightened  and  otherwise 
improved  at  this  time  by  the   Seneca  Turnpike  Company. 

The  building  of  these  great  thoroughfares  gave  Utica 
much  importance  as  a  commercial  center. 

MAIL  AND  STAGE  SERVICE. 

In  1 792,  Congress  gave  much  attention  to  extending  post 
roads,  and  a  mail  route  was  established  between  Albany 
and  Whitesboro,  though  at  this  time  it  was  conducted  as 
a  private  enterprise  which  employed  Jason  Parker  to  de- 
liver the  mail  along  the  entire  route  regularly,  as  often  asMunson-s  An- 
twice  each  month.      The  roads  were   rough,  and  the  jour-°f\^°*^"'*"y 

"  ■"  Vol.  I,  p.  248. 

ney   was    made    sometimes   on   horseback,    sometimes   on 
foot. 

If^  ^793.  a  stage  line  was  established,  and  passengers  were 
carried  from  Albany  to  Old  Fort  Schuyler  for  $2.50  ;  to 
Whitesboro  for  $3.  In  1802,  this  mail  and  passenger 
route  was  extended  from  Old  Fort  Schuyler  to  Onondaga. 
Through  the  enterprise  of  Jason  Parker,  an  act  of  the 
Legislature  was  passed  giving  to  him  and  Levi  Stephens 
the  exclusive  right  for  seven  years  (1803  to  18 10),  to  run 
a  line  of  stages  twice  each  v/eek  over  the  route  mentioned,  m.  h..  p.  370. 
the  fare  not  to  exceed  five  cents  per  mile.  In  18 10,  three 
trips  were  made  each  week  between  Albany  and  Utica.  A 
year  later,  the  western  section,  from  Utica  to  Buffalo  and 
Niagara  Falls,  was  completed,  and  excellent  service  was 
given.      Mr.  Parker  associated  with  him  in  the  transporta- 


54  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

tion  business  Theodore  S.  Faxton,  Silas  D.  Childs  and 
John  Butterfield,  who  became  prominent  in  many  business 
enterprises  and  who  did  much  for  the  upbuilding  of  Utica. 

ERIE    CANAL. 

Previous  to  the  war  of  1812,  the  subject  of  connecting 
the  Hudson  river  with  Lake  Erie  by  a  public  waterway 
had  received  much  attention,  and  three  surveys  were 
made.  Indeed,  this  subject  had  been  in  the  minds  of  far 
Wager's  Hist  seeing  men  from  a  much  earlier  time.  In  1792,  the 
learned  Hollander,  Dr.  Van  der  Kemp,  described  the  great 
results  he  expected  from  the  improvements  to  navigation  in 
this  State,  then  just  begun.  This  is  a  part  of  his  quaintly 
expressed  prophecy  : 

"  See  here     ...      an  early  communication  by  water 
carriage  opened  between  the  most  distant  parts  of  this  ex- 
tensive commonwealth.      .      .      .      Fort  Stanwix  must  be- 
come a  staple  place  for  the  commodities  of  the  West 
ITvanZr         •      •      ^"^  O^^  ^o^^  Schuyler     .     .      .      nearly  the  cen- 
Kemp,in         tral  spot  of  intercourse  between  the  north  and  west,  trans- 
j.  s.  May.        formed   into   an    opulent  mercantile   city      .      .      .      when 
Copy  loaned    ^jjg  tomahawk  and  scalping  knife  shall  be  replaced  by  the 

by  Mr.  An-  _  .  .  . 

drew,  of  sickle   and  the  pencil  of    the  artist,    and  the   wigwam    by 

marble  palaces.      Go    there  and    dig  canals   through    the 

J.  F.  vSey-       western  country.      Dare  only  to  undertake  the  enterprise, 

mour'scent.    g^j-^^j  J  warrant  success.      Give  me  the  disposal   of    50  New 

Address,  Tren-  '^  _  _ 

ton,  1876,  pp.    York  purses,  and  I  will  do  what    others  promise  in    florid 

^^'  ""^  speeches.      ...      I  will  go  to  the  watery  nymph   Erie, 

and  trace  a  beautiful    curve  through  which   her   Ladyship 

shall  be  compelled  to  pay  of  her  tribute  to  the  ocean  through 

the  Genesee  Country." 

Finally,  after  much  bitter  opposition,  the  work  was  un- 
^jj*^^^^'^^^^*'^'^"  dertaken,  largely  through  the   able   advocacy  of  Gov.  De- 
Witt    Clinton.      July    4,    18 17,    excavation  was    begun    in 


HISTORY  OF  TRANSPORTATION ROUTES  OF  TRAVEL.        55 

Rome,  and  Oct.  22,   18 19,  the  section  between  Rome   and  Jones's  Annais 
Utica  having  been  filled   by  the   Oriskany  creek,    the   first  ^^^^' 
boat  cleared  a  passage  amid  great  rejoicings.  143- 

The  canal  was    finished  Oct.  20th,   1825,  and  the  event 
was  celebrated  with  appropriate  ceremonies,  during  which 
Gov.  Clinton  arrived  in  Utica  on  his  journey  through  the  pioneers,  pp. 
canal  from  Buffalo    to  New  York,  and  was    received  here  ^30, 631. 
with  great  enthusiasm,  and  with  a  formal   welcome  in  the 
Court  House. 

CHENANGO  CANAL. 

In  1834  work  was  begun  on  the  Chenango  Canal.  This 
waterway  led  through  the  Chenango  valley,  and  was  com- 
pleted in  1836.  Its  entire  length  was  97  miles,  and  it  was 
of  special  importance  to  Utica  and  the  country  north  of 
Utica  in  transporting  coal  from  the  mines  of  Pennsylvania. 

After  the  opening  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and 
Western  R.  R.,  and  the  Utica,  Clinton  and  Binghamton  R. 
R.,  the  Chenango  canal  was  abandoned. 

The  canals  are  the  property  of  the  State. 

PLANK  ROADS. 

About  the  year  1847,  Companies  were  incorporated  to 
build  plank  roads  over  marshy  and  rough  highways.  One 
extending  from  Deerfield  to  Remsen  was  the  first  completed 
in  this  vicinity,  and  it  proved  to  be  a  great  boon  to  the 
country  through  which  it  passed.  Subsequently,  other 
plank  roads  were  built  from  Utica  to  Rome  on  the  west  ; 
to  Schuyler  and  Frankfort  on  the  east  ;  and  on  the  south 
to  New  Hartford  and  Clinton,  Waterville  and  Burlington. 

/-\'  ii*i-  1  •  -rii  Ibid. 

Owmg  to  the  high  price  and  growing  scarcity  01  lumber, 
the  roads  were  kept  up  at  an  enormoub  expense  and  finally 
fell  into  disuse. 

The  Directory  for  1849-50  says,    "The  city  is  rendered 


56  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

accessible  at  all  times  to  the  surrounding  country  by  means 
of  plank  roads  in  every  direction." 

RAILROADS. 

In  1833,  the  Utica  and  Schenectady  Railroad  Company 

was  incorporated.     The  road  was  to  be  built  on  the  north 

.     ",    \\,  side  of  the  Erie  canal  with    its    terminus  in   Utica.      The 

Annals   of  Al- 
bany, Vol.  IX.,  year  before,   a  railroad   had   been   opened    between  Albany 

and  Schenectady,  in  accordance  with  a  charter  granted  to 

the  Mohawk  and  Hudson  Railroad  Co.  in  1826. 

j^j  jj        gjj         In  1 836,  a  road  was  built  connecting  Utica  with  Syracuse. 

During  the  first  week,  cars  were  run  free  over  this  section. 

In  1853,  a  bill  passed  the  Legislature   consolidating  the 

Annals  of  Ai-  yarious    lines    of  railroads  between    Albany  and   Buffalo. 

bany.  Vol.   V.,  ,_,         _  111 

p.  324.  I  he  first  coaches  used  on  the  eastern  sections  were  the  old 

stage  coaches,  which  were  strapped  on  platform  cars. 

In  1853,  the  Utica  and  Black  River  R.  R.  Co.  was  or- 
ganized under  the  name  "  Black  River  and  Utica  R.  R. 
Co.,"  and  the  work  of  constructing  a  road  to  the  north 
country  by  way  of  Trenton,  was  at  once  commenced. 

In  December,  1854,  the  road  was  formally  opened  as  far 
as  Trenton,  and  a  year  later,  as  far  as  Boonville.  The 
present  name  was  assumed  May,   1861,  when  a  reorganiza- 

<^o-  tion  took  place.      The  road  was  afterwards  leased    to    the 

Rome,  Watertown  and  Ogdensburg  R.  R. ,  and  this  again, 
with  all  its  holdings,  to  the  New  York  Central  R.  R.  Co. 

The  Utica,  Chenango  and  Susquehanna  Valley  R.  R. 
was  well  under  way  in  1870,  and  at  that  time,  extended 
south  from  Utica  through  New  Hartford  and  Cassville  to 
Sherburne  Four  Corners,  with  a  branch   from  Cassville  to 

M.H.,p.3g3.  Richfield.  The  same  year  (1870),  it  was  leased  to  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western  Corporation,  which 
made  the  desired  connection  with  the  coal  fields  of  Penn- 
sylvania. 


M.  H.,p. 


Records    Bl'k 
R.andU.  R.K 


HISTORY  OF  TRANSPORTATION — ROUTES  OF  TRAVEL.        5/ 

In  1862,  the  Utica,  Clinton  and  Binghamton  R.  R.  Co. 
became  incorporated,  to  construct  a  horse  or  steam  rail- 
road to  connect  Clinton  with  New  Hartford,  Utica  and 
Whitesboro.  The  following  year  (1863)  rails  were  laid 
and  a  horse  car  line  was  established  from  Utica  to  New 
Hartford,  and  from  there  to  Clinton  a  "  dummy  "  was  op-  m.  h.,  pp.  303, 
erated.  In  1867  the  company  reorganized,  and  extended^'''" 
the  track  south  from  Clinton  till  it  connected  with  the 
Midland  R.  R.  at  Smith's  Valley.  In  1870,  a  steam  rail- 
road from  Utica  to  New  Hartford  was  built,  and  thus  the 
line  was  completed.  Soon  after  its  completion,  it  passed 
into  the  hands  of  a  receiver,  and  in  1875  i^  became  the 
possession  of  the  Delaware  and   Hudson  Canal  Company. 

The  New  York,  West  Shore  and  Buffalo  R.  R.  was 
completed  in  1884,  and  as  its  name  implies,  extends  from 
New  York,  along  the  west  shore  of  the  Hudson,  and  west- 
erly to  Buffalo,  passing  through  Utica  on  its  way.  This 
road  is  now  leased  and  operated  by  the  New  York  Central 
Company. 

In  1893.  the  New  York  Central  Co.    leased  the  Mohawk 
and  Malone  Railway,  (Herkimer  to  Malone  ;  incorporated 
1891),  and  by  making  it  apart  of  its  system,  and  running^*"- J- ^^- ^*'"''- 
daily  trains  from  New  York  to  Montreal  by  way  of    Utica, 
has  connected  this  city  with  the  Adirondack  region. 

STREET    RAILWAY    SYSTEM. 

In  1886  the  Utica  Belt  Line  Co.  was  organized,  and 
leased  from  the  Utica,  Clinton  and  Binghamton  Co.  its  lines 
to  New  Hartford  and  Whitesboro,  and  later  on  a  branch 
was  built  to  New  York  Mills.      The  horse  car  service  was  „  „ 

M.  H.,  p.  356. 

discontinued,  and  electric  power  introduced  in  1889.  Sev- 
eral lines  are  now  in  operation  extending  to  the  west,  south 
and  east  portions  of  the  city.  In  1897,  the  Utica  and 
Whitesboro  line  was  extended  as  far  as  Oriskany.  and 
Summit  Park  opened  at  the  end  of  the  line. 


58  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

The  Utica  and  Mohawk  R.  R.  Co.  built  a  road  connecting 
Genesee  St.  at  Bleecker  St.  with  the  Utica  Park,  which  is 

Ibid. 

the  eastern   terminus.      At   first   the  cars  were   drawn  by 
horses,  but  in  1889  electricity  was  substituted. 


IX. 
NAMES  OF  STREETS. 

COSBY'S  Manor  extended  three  miles  on  either  side  of 
the  Mohawk,  and  from  the  Sauquoit  Creek,  eleven 
miles  east.     (See  I.). 

The  Bleecker  property  reached  from  about  the  line  of 
Mohawk  street  nearly  to  what  is   now   Charlotte,  and  ran  Pioneers,  p.  s. 
back  from  the  river  beyond  Steele's  Hill. 

The  Bradstreet  property  lay  both  east  and  west  of  the 
Bleecker  land.  The  part  on  the  west  reached  as  far  as  the 
corner  of  Varick  and  LaFayette  Streets,  and  included  land 
on  both  sides  of  Genesee  Street,  the  east  and  west  bound- 
ary lines  running  three  miles  back  from  the  river. 

The  Schuyler  property  extended  from  the  Bradstreet 
land  on  the  east,  to  the  western  line  of  the  State  Hospital, 
and,  like  the  other  divisions,  stretched  back  from  the  river 
three  miles. 

The  early  settlement  lay  wholly  south  of  the  river,  chiefly 
upon  one  street,  called  Main,  running  parallel  with  the 
river.  The  western  end  of  this  street  was  known  as  the 
Whitesboro  Road. 

The  Genesee  Road,  meeting  Main  Street,  formed  a  square 

T~,  Ibid.,  pp.  7,  g3. 

now  known  as  Bagg's  Square. 

About  1800,  Hotel  Street  was  laid  out  as  an  avenue  to 

the  Genesee  Road,  from  Utica's  first  hotel,  the  York  House. 

(See  X.). 

1 808-1 8 10,  Broad.    First,    Second,    Third    and    Bridge  ^*'^'^' pp- ^57, 

271. 
Streets  were  laid  out.      The  latter,  now  Park  Avenue,  was  l.  m.  Taylor, 

named  from  a  bridge  over  the  river,  which  it  crossed.  ^  s  ^"sss-e 

Some  of  the  family  names  found  on  the  Bleecker  prop- 
erty are  Rutger,  Dudley,  Brinckerhoff,  Miller, and  Blandina. 


6o  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

It  is  said  that  it  was  at  one  time  the  intention  of  four 
members  of  the  Bleecker  family  to  build  on  Rutger  Street. 
The  whole  scheme,  however,  was  abandoned,  because  the 
location  of  the  Erie  Canal,  with  its  high  bridges  across  the 
plain  sloping  from  Rutger  to  Broad  Streets,  had  so  mar- 
red the  beauty  of  the  place. 

Names  that  recall  owners  of   portions  of   the  Bradstreet 
Ibid.  p.  37.        ^j^ J   Schuyler   lands   are   Potter,    Plant,    Francis,    Tewett, 

Pioneers,  pp.  -'  .  '  '  '     J  » 

23,50,45,126.    Cooper,  Cornelia,  Hopper,  Henry,  and  Huntington. 

Hamilton  and  South  Hamilton  Streets  lie  on  the  Schuy- 
^    ,  ler  property,  and  are  named  for  Alexander  Hamilton,  who 

L.    M.   Taylor,  f       f        J  1  » 

inTrans.o.H.  married   General   Schuyler's  daughter.      "  These  are  both 
"'   ^  '^^^"  small  streets,  but  they  carry  a  great  name." 

Philip  and  Schuyler  Streets  take  their  names  from  Gen- 
eral Philip  J.  Schuyler. 

Other  streets  named  for  great  men  of  our  earlier  time 
are  Washington,  Herkimer,  Jefferson,  Clinton,  Jay,  named 
for  the  statesman  and  judge.  Governor  John  Jay  (1745- 
1829);  Lansing  for  Chancellor  Lansing  (1754-1829),  also 
Chancellor  Square  and  Kent  Street  for  the  eminent  jurist, 
"^^^^' ^^' Chancellor  Ivent  (1763-1847).  The  lots  on  each  end  of 
Chancellor  Square  originally  fronted  upon  the  square  itself, 
and  could  be  approached  only  through  it.  This  was  rem- 
edied by  the  laying  out  of  Academy  Street  across  the  west 
end  and  Kent  Street  across  the  east. 

Besides  these,  are  the  streets  named  for  illustrious  for- 
ibid.  p.  3g.       eigners  :   Steuben,    LaFayette   (  once  called  Rome  Street), 

Pione-:rs,  pp.  ,  ,       •  i    •  r  i        tt 

and  Ivossuth  Avenue,  named  just  alter  the  Hungarian  pat- 
riot had  visited  the  city. 

Spring  Street  takes  its  name  from  a  spring  of  pure  water 
which  once  existed  in  or  near  it.      (See  H.). 

Garden  Street  was  named  for  the  old  Horticultural  Gar- 
den on  its  boundary. 

Bank  Street  was  so  called  because  the  region  was  known 


554-95- 


NAMES  OF  STREETS.  6 1 

as  the    "sand-bank."     There  were  deep   gulHes  and  high 
sand  hills  which  were  graded  at  great  expense.     St.  George's  jnTrans.o.  h. 
Church  stands   across   a   sort  of   ravine  which  could  then  s-  pp- 37^  38. 
have  taken  in  half  the  church. 

Carnahan  Street,  as  the  west  end  of  Blandina  was  once  pjouggj-g  „„ 
called,    Aiken,    and  Mandeville  Streets   take   their   names  2"  6, 458-64. 

^  .  ^     ,.     .  M.  H.,p.  415. 

from  emment  divmes. 

Noyes   and   Tracy  Streets  are  named  for   distinguished  ibid,  pp.535, 
lawyers  once  resident  here.      (  See  XI.  j.  "''^' 

Jason,  Parker,  Varick,  Breese,  Devereux,  Kirkland,  and  pioj,eg,.g  p^ 
Faxton  Streets  recall  the  names  of  prominent   men,  some  ♦'• '",  376, 343, 
of  them  pioneers. 

More  recent  streets  are  named  for  public  men  or  well- 
known  families;  as  Scott,  Grant, Bacon,  Seymour,  Johnson. 

Johnson  Park  (1849),  James  Watson  Williams  Park 
(1897),  and  the  extensive  Proctor  Park  (1899),  bear  the 
names  of  the  families  who  presented  them  to  the  city. 


X. 

OLD    BUILDINGS. 

FEW  of  the  earliest  buildings  of  Utica  are  now  standing. 
One    or  two  of    real  interest    have  but    lately  disap- 
peared. 

The  First  School  House  and  place  of  worship,  which 
stood  on  Broad  street  (Seel,  and  XII.),  was  torn  down  in 
the  spring  of  1898,  after  having  been  used  for  some  time 
as  a  mere  shed. 

The  Johnson  House    on  Genesee  Street,  which  has  re- 
cently given  way  to  the  new  Savings    Bank,  was  built  by 
John  H.  Lothrop  in  1809.      Mrs.  Clinton,  afterwards  Mrs. 
158,629.  '         Abram     Varick,  lived    in  it   a    few    years.      It  was  then 
Miss  Miller's    bought  by  Alexander  B.  Johnson  and    was  owned    by  his 

Sketch  of  Old  (^  J  J  J^ 

Utica.  family  until  1897.      Here  John    Quincy  Adams,    President 

of  the  United   States,    was    entertained   for   three   or   four 

days,  Mrs.    Johnson    being    his  niece.      Here  too  LaFay- 

ette  was  received  June  9,   1825. 

Among  the  most  interesting  of  the  houses  still  standing, 

is  that  built  by  Peter  Smith    on   Broad  Street  beyond  the 
Pioneers,  p.  15.  gulf,  where  in  1797,  his  son  Gerrit  was  born.      This  is  now 

occupied  by  the  Ellison  family,  and   stands  a  little  east  of 

Mohawk  Street. 

A  little    later  Colonel   Benjamin    Walker  built,  also  on 

Broad  street,  the  house  afterwards  occupied  by  the  Culver 

Ibid.,  p.  68.  -J 

Sketch  of  Old  family.      This   has   been   occupied    by  Madame   Despard, 
^^"^*'  who  used  it  as  a  school  building,    and  by  the  Seward  and 

Wager  families.      It  stands  far   back   from  the  street  a  lit- 
tle west  of  Kossuth  Avenue. 

In  1792,  William  Inman  came  to  this  country  from  Eng- 
land.     He  built  an  English  cottage  on    the  north    side  of 


OLD  BUILDINGS.  63 

the    Whitesboro   road,  which,  with  its    neighboring  elms, 

still  makes  a  picturesque  spot  just   beyond  the  "Halfway 

Bridge."     The  road  ran  nearer  the  house  than  at  present,  nji^. 

and  Mr.  Inman,  disturbed   by  the    "  Yankee  dust,"  moved  ^^^"^'"'P'*^- 

to  a  more  substantial   house,  which  he  built  far  back  from 

the  road  on  the  south   side.      This   stands   a   little  within 

the  present  city  limits,  and  is  now  known  as  the  Champlin 

house. 

The  old  house  which  stands  on  the  north  side  of 
Whitesboro  Street,  nearly  opposite  Cherry,  known  as  the 
Clark  House,  has  in  late  years  awakened  much  interest  and 
inquiry,  but  no  important  facts  concerning  it  have  been  ob- 
tained. 

In  1800,  Judge  Nathan  Williams  built  the  house  on  the 
corner  of  Whitesboro  and    Seneca  Streets,  now  known  aSgj^^^^^j^  ^^  qi^ 
the  Wager  or  Goodwin   house.      Here  five  generations  of  utica. 
the  Williams  family  have  lived. 

The  Seymour  House  on  Whitesboro  Street,  corner  of  Ho- 
tel, was  built  by  Daniel  Childs  about  1810  or  1812.  In 
1820,  it  was  purchased  by  Henry  Seymour  and  was  long  ibid. 
occupied  by  his  son,  Hon.  Horatio  Seymour.  During  the  p^o^^®'^^'  p- 
closing  years  of  Governor  Seymour's  life,  he  lived  in  Deer- 
field,  but  scarcely  a  day  passed  in  which  he  did  not  visit 
his  old  home,  then  occupied  by  his  brother,  John  F.  Sey- 
mour. 

In  1824,  Moses  Bagg  built  the  house  on   Broad  Street,  ibid.  p.  220. 
corner    of    Second,    long  occupied  by  his  daughter,  Mrs.  ^^^^^'^  °^  ^^^ 
Charles  A.  Mann. 

About    1825,    Samuel   Stocking  built    on    the  corner  of 
Broad  and  First  Streets,   the    house    afterwards  owned  by  it>id. 
Judge  Hiram  Denio,  and  later  by  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Louis  jy,. 
A.  Tourtellot. 

Coming  to  Genesee  Street,  we  find  that  the  house  occu- 


64 


OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 


Ibid.,  pp.  48, 
5o. 


Utica. 


Pioneers,  p 
265. 

Sketch  of 
Old  Utica. 


pied  by  T^r.  Willis  E.  Ford  since  1882,  was  built  by 
Watts  Sherir.an,  who  came  to  Utica  before  1795.  It  has 
had  a  succession  of  honorable  owners,  having  been  pur- 
sketch  of  Old  chased  by  General  Joseph  Kirkland,  the  first  Mayor  of 
Utica,  then  by  Charles  Tracy,  and  later  by  Judge  Philo 
Gridley. 

The  house  on  upper  Genesee  Street,  now  owned  by  Mr. 
Egbert  Bagg,  was  built,  or  re-built  in  1806,  by  Israel 
Decker.  Some  of  the  floor  rafters  are  of  red  beech  logs 
with  the  bark  on,  and  over  a  foot  in  diameter.  Early  in 
the  century  it  was  occupied  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Samuel  B . 
Malcolm.  Mrs.  Malcolm  was  the  daughter  of  Gen.  Philip 
Schuyler,  and  later  became  the  wife  of  Capt.  James  Coch- 
ran, son  ot  the  Revolutionary  Surgeon.     (See  XL). 

The  Miller  Ho7ise  on  Rutger  Place,  occupied  by  Hon. 
Roscoe  Conkling  for  more  than  twenty-five  years,  was 
planned  and  the  foundation  laid  by  Judge  Morris  S.  Miller 
in  1820.  His  son,  Rutger  B.  Miller,  completed  it  about 
1830.  It  was  called  at  the  time  "  Miller's  Folly,"  so  re- 
mote was  it  from  all  neighbors.  A  carriage  seen  crossing 
John  Street  Bridge  was  known  to  be  coming  to  "The 
Hill,"  as  there  was  no  other  house  to  which  to  go.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Thomas  Walker  lived  here  for  many  years.  Sen- 
ator Conkling  entertained  here  many  eminent  guests, 
among  them  Generals  Grant,  Sherman,  and  Hooker,  in 
1875. 

Among  the  once  famous  mansions  which  have  lost  their 
early  dignity  is  that  of  Jeremiah  Van  Rensselaer,  built 
about  1800.  It  stood  on  the  east  side  of  Genesee  Street 
amid  beautiful  grounds,  which  included  nearly  the  whole 
space  now  bounded  by  Devereux,  Genesee,  Blandina,  and 
Charlotte  streets.  The  house  is  still  standing  on  the  south 
side  of  Devereux  Street,  about  midway  between  Genesee 
and  Charlotte.  It  has  been  turned  around  and  now  faces 
Devereux  Street. 


Ibid. 

Pioneers,  p 
237- 


Ibid.,  p.  114. 


f- 


OLD  BUILDINGS.  6$ 

In  I7Q4,    Indent'  Apollos  Cooper  Came  to  Utica  and  built 

'  ^^'    J        ^  ^  /-  •  ,   ■    ,      1       Pioneers,  p.  45. 

a  house  on  Whitesboro  Street,  near  Liberty,  in  which  he  sketch  of  oid 
lived   until   his   death,    in    1839.      The  house  and  grounds  ^*''^*' 
are  now  used   as  a  summer  garden. 

Miss  Miller's  "  Sketch  of  Old  Utica  "  gives  many  inter- 
esting details  of  the  architecture  and  decorations  of  these 
dwellings,  as  well  as  of  the  gardens  around  them  and  the 
life  within. 

Of  the  early  church  buildings,  that  of  Trinity  (com- 
pleted 1 8 10.  See  II.),  retains  its  beauty  and  its  sacred 
character  ;  others,  however,  have  been  turned  to  inferior 
uses. 

The  WclsJi  Baptist  Church  (See  II.),  a  wooden  structure 

built  in  1806  near  the  place  where  the  Hotel  Street  bridge 

now  stands,  was  moved  when  the  canal  was  opened  to  the    '°°^^''^'  p- 
'  ^  134. 

site  of  the  present  church  on    Broadwa}^  a  little  north  of  Thomas' His- 

tory  of  Welsh 

Liberty  Street.  In  1840,  when  the  new  church  was  erect- of  America,(m 
ed,  the  old  building  was  again  moved  to  the  rear  of  the  ^^'^^^^^• 
lot,  and  is  believed  to  be  still  standing  on  Charles  Street. 
The  First  Presbyterian  Chnrch,  on  the  corner  of  Wash- 
ington and  Liberty  Streets,  completed  in  1807  (See  II.)  gave 
way  in  1826  to  a  new  edifice,  itself  destroyed  by  fire  in 
185  I.      The  old  building  was,  in  1826,  cut  into  two  pieces, 

■^  °  1-  '  Pioneers,   p. 

one  of  which  is  now  the  Mansion  House,  corner  of  Wash-  461. 
ington  and  LaFayette  Streets,  and  the  other  a  large  tene- 
ment house  on  Whitesboro  Street,  nearly  opposite  Charles. 

We  must  not  omit  mention  of  Utica's  famous  hotels. 
Bagg's  Hotel  is  older  than  the  name  of    Utica,  which  was 

_  Pioneers,  pp. 

bestowed  in    1798.      The    hotel  was    founded   in    1794  by4o,  2i8-g. 
Moses  Bagg.      In  August  of   that  year,  he  purchased  land 

5 


66  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

and  began  to  practice  his  trade,  that  of  a  blacksmith,  on 
Main  Street,  a  little  east  of  the  Square.  He  built  a  log 
house  on  the  corner  of  Main  Street,  whicli  he  opened  f^rthe 
accommodation  of  travelers  ;  shortly  after,  he  put  a  two 
story  frame  building  on  the  same  site.  He  continued  to 
Theo.  p.  Cook,  keep  this  tavern  until  his  death  in  1805.  His  son,  Moses 
NoTr^fsT'"'  ^^^S^  became  proprietor  of  the  hotel  in  1808.  When  the 
first  Canal  Commissioners  visited  Utica  in  18 10,  two  of 
them,  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer  and  Gouverneur  Morris, 
with  their  servants,  occupied  the  whole  of  the  hotel,  from 
which  its  dimensions  may  be  judged.  In  1 812-15,  ^^'^• 
Bagg  erected  the  central  portion  of  the  bricl.  hotel,  and  to 
this  he  subsequently  added  on  either  side. 

In  1797,  Samuel  Hooker  erected   for  the  Holland  Land 

Company  the  building  still  standing  on  the  corner  of  Whites- 

boro  and    Hotel  Streets,  now   called   the    Atlantic  Hotel. 

This  was  known  as  the  York  House.      It  was  a  large  brick 

building,  the  first  brick  house  in    the  village,  and   its  like 

Pioneers,  pp.    vv^as  iiot  to  be  sccu  between   the    Hudson   and  the  Pacific. 

Sketch  of  Old  The  land  was  so  marshy,  that    according  to  one  story,  the 

utica.  corner  stone,  which  had  been    laid  with   due  ceremony  in 

the  morning,  had  disappeared  in  the  afternoon.      Hemlock 

logs  were  used  for  the  foundations  for  the  stone  and  brick. 

This  building   has   been    many   times    remodeled,  but   no 

amount  of    paint    has    been    able    to    cover    up  the  word 

"  Hotel,"  which  was  chiseled  over  its  door  in  1798. 

As  matters  of   interest,  we  mention  that  the  0/d  Roiind 
Bnildin<:  on  Whitesboro  Street,  near  Hoyt,  was  built  by 

John  C.  Hoyt.  "^  ;^  ,  .      , 

David  Hoyt,  father  of  John  C.  Hoyt,  and  used  to  grmd 
the  bark  in  his  tannery.  The  power  used  was  not  elec- 
tricity, or  steam,  or  even  water,  but  was  obtained  by  sails 
on  the  top  of  the  building  which  were  moved  by  the  wind. 
Mechanics'  Hall,  corner  of    Hotel    and  Liberty  Streets, 

M.  H.,  p.  228.  .,       .  „     ^  Tx  •  1       .  1 

was  built  in    1836-37.      Here  were  given    lectures,    plays. 


OLD  BUILDINGS.  6/ 

and  other  entertainments,  and  here  pubhc  meetings  of  all 
kinds  were  held  until  the  Utica  Opera  House  was  built  in 
1871-72. 

A    few  of  the    noteworthy  buildings    in    the   vicinity  of 
Utica  should  be  mentioned. 

WHITESBORO.  Address  on 

Mr.  William    Tracy,    writing  in    1838,  says   that   I^n^/^lneii^ctpp. 
White  built  in  1789  "  the  house  still  standing  on  the  south- 34-5- 

f      1  -n  TTTi   •         1  >,       t       r         A  Few  stray 

€ast  corner  or  the  village  green    at  Whitesboro.       It   for- Leaves  in  the 
merly    had    a  gambrel    roof.      Mrs.    Whitcher  savs    ' '  the  ?,?!^"  °1 

■'  "  -^  Whitesboro,  p. 

house  was  moved  about  half  its  length  westward  and  mod-  is. 
ernized  in   1861." 

The  present  Town  Hail  in    Whitesboro  was  erected   for 
a  Court  House  in    1807,  on  land  given   by   Hugh   White,  ibid.,  p.  48. 
The  land  was  to  revert  to  the  heirs  when  no   longer   usedj^'^^J^J'^'^' 
for  the  purpose  designated.      In    i860,  Hon.   Philo  White,  h.s. ,1881-4, 
a  grandson  of  the  pioneer,  bought  from  the  heirs  their  re- 
versionary claim,  and  presented  the  building  and  green  to 
the  village. 

The  building  is   "  probably  the  oldest  one  in  the   State 
yet  standing  erected  for  a  Court  House." 

NEW     HARTFORD.  ^     .  t. 

Cent.  Pres.  Ch. 

The  Presbyterian  Church  at  Nezv  Hart  ford  v^-a.^  besfun  ^' ^^'^^■' ^^' 

-'  o  24,  25. 

in  1792,  and  was  dedicated  November  29,   1797.      "  As  the^^'^^ey'sHist. 

,,..„.,.  .       .  Town  of  Kirk- 

oldest    church  edihce   m  this   county,  it  is  worthy  of  dis- und,  p.  ge. 

tinguished  consideration." 

CLINTON. 

Dr.  Kirkland  moved  from  Oneida  to  his  lands  near  Clin- ibid  ,  pp.  78-80. 
ton  in  1792.      The  small  frame  dwelling  built  by  him  nrob- '^'^'^""'^ 

"  ./I  Hist'l  Sketch 

ably  the  year  previous   has  been    presented   to   Hamilton  Ham.  coii.,  p. 
College   and,  removed  from    its   original   location,  is  pre- ''" 
served  in  the  Campus  on  College  Hill. 


68  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

A  few  years  later,  probably  in  1795,  Dr.    Kirkland   built 

Prof.  E.North.  the  house  on  the  road    "  under  the  hill  "  long  known  as  the 

Hist.  Oneida    Kirkland    mansion,    and    now  occupied   by   Mr.    Harding. 

Co.,  p.  6.  Here  he  lived  until  his  death  in  1808,  and  it  remained  the 

home  of  his  widow  through  her  life. 

Jones'sAnnals  TRENTON. 

John  F.  sey-        The  fine  stone  mansion  in  Trenton  known  as  the  Mappa 
mour'scent.    fjQ^se  was  built  by  Colonel  Adam  G.  Mappa,  agent  for  the 

Ad.,  July  4,  •'  rr     '       C5 

1876.  p.  32.        Holland   Land    Company,   and  was  occupied    at   least    as 
possess.  Tren-^^^^y  ^^  ^  8o9>  ^^d  possibly  Several  years  earlier. 

ton    Hist.  Soc. 


XL 

NOTEWORTHY  CITIZENS  OF  ONEIDA  COUNTY 

No  other  department  of  this  small  outline  book  has 
given  the  editors  so  little  satisfaction  as  this  of 
Eminent  Citizens.  The  limited  space  prohibited  anything 
beyond  the  merest  skeleton  of  biographical  notice.  The 
criteria  of  admission  came  of  necessity  to  be:  books  pub- 
lished ;  official  position  ;  or  high  professional  honors. 

In  many  cases,  this  has  seemed  to  set  up  a  false  stand- 
ard; to  imply  failure  to  recognize  the  worth  of  personal 
character  and  scholarly  attainment  when  these  had  not 
been  crowned  by  academic  or  political  honors: — necessity 
deeply  regretted  by  those  responsible  for  the  selection. 

Works  of  authors,  wherever  mentioned,  include  only  the 
mo?t  important. 

Groups  :  a.  Pioneers  ;  b.  Soldiers  of  the  Revolution  ; 
c.  Army  Officers,  Second  Period  ;  d.  Naval  Officers  ;  e. 
Lawyers  ;  /.  Archaeologists  and  Philologists  ;  g:  Men  of 
Science  ;  h.  Men  of  Letters  ;  /.  Women  Writers  ;  J. 
Artists  ;  /'.  Actors  ;  /.  Government   Officials  ;    m.  Visitors. 

PIONEERS. 

Among  the  Pioneers  of  Oneida  County  four  stand  pre- 
eminent. 

Rev.  Samuel  Kirkland,  (1741-1808),  Princeton, 
176;.      For    more   than    forty    years    a   devoted    mission- Lothrop's Life 

'      •'  -^      ■'  _  _  of  Kirkland. 

ary  to  the  Six  Nations,  especially  to  the  Oneidas.      During  Allison's  Hist, 
the  Revolution,  a  Chaplain  in  the  army,  and  employed  byj^jj^'^      ^"' 
the  government  to  secure   the  neutrality  of  the  Indians  ;  Duyckinick's 

'^  Cyc.  Am.  Lit., 

his  efforts,  joined  with  those  of  James  Dean,  were  success- voi.  tl,  p.  738. 
ful  in  the  case  of  the  Oneidas.      By  untiring  exertions  he 


70  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

secured  the  means  to  establish  Hamilton  Oneida  Academy, 
which,  four  years  after  his  death,  became  Hamilton  Col- 
lege.     (See  I.,  X.,  Xn.). 

James  Dean,  (1748-1823),  Dartmouth,  1773.  Dedi- 
cated in  childhood  as  a  missionary  to  the  Indians, 
and  sent  to  live  among  them  for  several  years  under  the 
care  of  a  missionary;  adopted  by  a  squaw  as  her  son; 
licensed  to  preach,  but  never  ordained.  1775,  appointed 
Indian  Agent  with  rank  of  Major,  and  rendered  invaluable 
Tracy's  Early  services.      Stationed   chiefly   at   Oneida   Castle   and   Fort 

Hist.  Oneida  •  i  r  t  t        /-^        ■  -i  -i   ■  e 

Co.  Stanwix.      Alter  the   war  the  Oneidas  gave  him  a  tract  of 

jones'sAnnais  ia,nd   in   Westmoreland    fconfirmed   to    him   later   by   the 

pp.  744-59-  -1         • 

State),   where  he  lived  until  his  death.      Judge  of  County 

courts  by  successive   appointments    1791-1813,  and  twice 

member   of   legislature.      Wrote   a    journal   of   one  of  his 

expeditions,  and  an  essay  on  Indian  Mythology,  both  now 

lost. 

Hugh  White,  (1733-18 12).     Made  the    first  permanent 

^*'°^^'^^°°*^'' settlement  in    the  State    west  of    the  Dutch  settlements, 
pp.  23, 27, 28.  ' 

1784.      Appointed  Judge,   1798  ;   re-appointed,   1801. 
Peter  Smith,  (176S-1837).      A  trader  who  came  about 

1789  to  Old  Fort  Schuyler  and  was  trusted  equally  by 
hlm^'moR  Indians  and  whites  ;  the  latter  made  him  Sheriff  and  Judge. 
Gerrit  Smith.  From  the  Indians    he    acquired    by  purchase    nearly  one 

Pioneers,  pp.  ,  . 

14-18.  million  acres,  and  thus  became   the   largest   landholder  in 

the  State. 

Two  picturesque  figures  of  this  period  are  the  Hollanders, 

Col.  Adam  Gerard  Mappa,  (i 752-1 829),  Agent  of  the 
Jones's  Annals  Holland  Land  Company  at  Trenton,  then  Olden-Banne- 
pp.  452  3, 475-85  veldt,    and   Francis  Adrian  Van  der  Kemp  (1752-1829), 

J.    F.    Sey-  \    >  ^  ^  / 

mour'scent.    who  joincd  Col.  Mappa  at  Trenton   about  1797.      He  had 

Ad^,  Trenton,  ^g^j^gj^  j-gfuge  in  this  couutry  ten  years  earlier  from  political 

troubles   in    Holland.      He   was    received    with    honor  by 

Washington,  and   gained    the  friendship  of   John  Adams, 


NOTEWORTHY  CITIZENS  OF  ONEIDA  COUNTY.  J  I 

DeWitt  Clinton,  and  Thomas  Jefferson.      Harvard  College 
made  him  LL.  D. 

In  the  northwest   part  of   the    County,  now  the   town  of,.  „     ,, 

'^  -J  U.  Herald, 

Camden,  another  Dutch  pioneer,  George  F.  W.  A.  Scriba  Apr.  14, 26, 
(1752-1836),  purchased    a  half  million  acres  of  land.      In '/ones's Annals 
the  southern  part,  Tedediah  Sanger  ('17^1-1829),  founder  pp-  ^72.  ^yg-s^. 

,  ,  N.Hart.  Cent. 

of  New  Hartford,  had  a  great  estate,  and  has  left  his  name  in  Trans,  o. 
in  Sangerfield.  "•  ^^  '^^^■^• 

SOLDIERS  OF  THE  REVOLUTION. 

Benjamin  Walker,  (1753-18 18).  Came  to  Old  Fort 
Schuyler  in  1797.  He  was  of  English  birth  and  a  "  Blue 
Coat  Boy."  He  came  as  agent  of  the  great  landed  estate 
of  the  Earl  of  Bath.  In  war  and  in  peace  he  served  his 
adopted  country  diligently  and  brilliantly.  He  was  the 
right  hand  of  the  Baron-General  von  Steuben,  and  Wash- Pioneers,  p  67. 
ington's  aide-de-camp  and  trusted  friend.  After  the  close 
of  the  Revolutionary  War,  he  declined  political  honors  and 
became  an  untitled,  public-spirited  citizen  of  Old  Fort 
Schuyler. 

In  June,  1875,  a  plot  in  Forest  Hill  Cemetery  was  con- 
secrated to  the  Revolutionary  Fathers,  at  v/hich  time  the 
bodies  of  Benjamin  and  Mrs.  Walker,  and  of  Dr.  John 
Cochran,  Director-General  of  the  Military  Hospitals  of  the  u  Heraw, 
United  States  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  of  his  wife.  J""^ ''''«"■ 
Gertrude  "^  '....yler,  were  removed  from  the  old  village 
burying  ground  on  Water  Street,  and  solemnly  reinterred 
in  the  new  cemetery. 

Frederick  William  Augustus,  Baron  Steuben,  (1730- 
1794).  Commissioned  Major-General  by  Washington, 
1778  ;  "  rendered  memorable  services    which   can  scarcely^""®*'"'^""'"'^ 

-^    pp.  4.33-4  5- 

be  over-rated  in  drilling  the  officers  and  men  of    the  Con- Johnson's cyc. 
tinental  Army  into  efficiency  ;  rewarded    by  Congress  with 
160,000  acres  in  Oneida  County;  lived  after  the  revolution 


72  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

on   the   edge   of    our     northern    wilderness,    and  is   there 

buried.      (See  XIII). 

General  William  Floyd,  (1734-1821).  A  native  of 
Sanderson's  Long  Island  ;  member  of  Continental  Congress  about  eight 
Bioff.  ofsign    years  ;  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  ;  in  1803 

ersoftheDee.   '  '       »  r  »  ^ 

of  ind..  Vol.    removed  to  Western,  near  Rome.     The  town  of  Floyd,  in 
IV.,  p.  131.       which     he    owned     large  tracts  of    land,    perpetuates    his 
name. 

Among    revolutionary  soldiers  who     made   Utica    their 
home,  were:  Captain  Stephen  Potter,  (i739-i8io),of  the 
regiment  called  "  Congress'  Own,"  of  which  Nathan  Hale 
Pieneers,  pp.    was  a  brothcr-offtcer   of  the   same  rank ;-Talcott  Camp, 
(1762-1832),  who  became  the  first  President  of  the  Village 
of  Utica  ; — Col.  John  Bellinger, (died  in  181 5),  who  had 
stood  by  the  side  of  Herkimer  at  the   battle   of   Oriskany  ; 
N.E.  Hist'i& — Thomas  Williams,  (1754-1817),  who  took  part  in  the 
1880,  p.  70.'      Boston  "Tea  Party,"   a   resident   of    New   Hartford   from 
1790  to    1812  ;    died    in    Utica.      Daniel  Eels,  who  had 
Pres.  ch.  New  helped  to  build  the  earthworks  on    Bunker  Hill,  settled  in 
Hart.,p.  42.      New  Hartford  in  1797  and  lived  there    for   54    years;   and 
many  other  names  of  interest  are  remembered  in  neighbor- 
ing towns. 

ARMY    officers — SECOND    PERIOD. 

[Florida  (1836-S),  Mexican  (1846-7),  and  Civil  (1861-5), 
Wars.] 

Henry  Wager  Halleck,  (18 15-1872);  b.  Western ville. 
Lippincou's     ^^\    Qgj^    U.  S.  A.;  West  Point, '34  ;  served  in  the  Semi- 

Biog.  Diet.  -'  '  '   Jt  > 

Appieton's      nolc  (Florida)  and  Mexican  wars  ;   General-in-Chief  of  the 
yc.    m.  »o8^- ^j-j-QJes  of  the  U.  S.,  Headquarters  Washington,   1862-4. 

Morris  S.  Miller,  (1814-1870)  ;  b.  Utica,  buried  at 
Mem'iby  U.S.  Forest  Hill.  Brev.  Brig.  Gen.,  and  Dept.  Quar.  M.Gen., 
%?^^'  U.  S.  A.;   West  Point, '34  ;   served  in  Florida,  Mexico,  and 

Pioneers,  p.  >  .j-r  ?  > 

237-  the  War  for  the  Union. 


NOTEWORTHY  CITIZENS  OF  ONEILA  COUNTY.  73 

Col.  Daniel  Butterfield,  Fifth  Infantry,  U.  S.  k.,  b. 

Phistercr's 

Utica   about    1831.      Maj.  Gen.  U.  S.  Vols.,   1862  ;   Brev.  stat.  Rec. 
Mai.  Gen.  U.  S.  A.,  1865.    Residence, near  New  York  City,  f-.^^o- 

•*  ■'     Lippincott's 

Biog.  Uict. 

( For  Field  Officers  of  Oneida  County  regiments,  many 
of  whom  became  Generals,  see  IV). 

During  the  Civil  War,  several  of  the  physicians  of  our 
County  made  a  record  as  army  surgeons. 

Dr.  Alonzo  Churchill,  (1811-1899),  was  Surgeon  14th 

^  ^^^  ^  ^        Contemp. 

N.  Y.  Vols.,  with  the  rank  of  Major  ;   at  Gaines  Mills  was  Biog.,  voi.  i., 
taken  prisoner  with  500  wounded  men,  and  placed  in  Libby  ^'  ^''^' 
prison  ;  created  Colonel  for  meritorious  services. 

Dr.  Samuel  G.  Wolcott,  (i 820-1 883),    gave  his  serv- 
ices as  Examining  Surgeon    to   the  Government   without  m.  h.,  p.  375. 
charge. 

Dr.  Thomas  Macomb  Flandrau,  of  Rome,  (i 826-1 898), 
was  Surgeon  of  the  146th  N.  Y.  Vols.,  with  the  rank  of 
Major  ;  was  made  Division  Surgeon-in-Chief  ;  served  three  Y'  ^^^*''^' 
years;  Brev.  Lieut.  Col.  "for  meritorious  services  in  the 
field."  His  father's  home  was  in  Whitesboro  ;  his  own, 
later,  at  Rome. 

naval  officers. 

Melancthon  Taylor  Woolsey,  (1782- 183 8),  Commo- 
dore U.  S.  N.  In  1808  was  sent  to  the  Lakes  to  superin- 
tend the  construction   of  our   armaments   on  those  inland 

„  111  11  iiT-..^.,  Drake's  Diet. 

seas.    Commanded  the  only  large  vessel,  the  Brig  '  'Oneida.    Am.  Biog..  pp. 
After  his  retirement  he  lived  in  Utica,  and  died  there,  and  his  '°°^"^;.,, 

Miss  Miller  in 

remains  now  rest  in  Forest  Hill.      Three  of  his  sons  served  utica  Press, 
in  the  War  for  the   Union.      Two  of  these  rest   in    Forest    *  "  "'  '^^'' 
Hill  ;  Commodore  M.  B.  Woolsey,  U.  S.  N.,  (18 18- 1874), 
J.  T.  Woolsey,  (182  i -1894),  b.  Whitesboro. 

William  Mervine,  (1790-1868),  Rear  Admiral  U.  S.  N. 


M.  H.,p. 


74  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War,  although  seventy  years 
of  age,  he  reported  promptly  for  duty  and  did  good  service 
Appieton's  during  the  first  year  of  the  war.  Ill  health  compelled  his 
yc.  m.  *°^- j-g|-jj-gjjjgj^^  2j^  November,  1861.  His  home  was  in  Utica. 
His  son,  Catharinus  B.  Mervine,  died  in  the  volunteer 
military  service  in  1864. 

Samuel  Livingston  Breese,  (i 794-1 870),  Rear  Admi- 
ral U.  S.  N.      Served  in  the  War  of  181 2  and  the  Mexican 
War.       He   was   elder  brother   of    Judge    Sidney  Breese. 
^oneers,  p.     Tj-jeij-  early  lives  were  spent  in  Whitesboro  and  Utica,  and 
the  Admiral's  body  rests  in  Forest  Hill  Cemetery. 

Commodore  William  Inman,    (1797-1874);    b.   Utica. 
Nat.  cyc.  Am.  Q^j-j^j-j-^Q^Qj-g  ^    g    ]vj_      Saw  coustaut  servicc  on  the  Great 

Biog. 

M.  H.,  p  37.  Lakes  during  the  War  of  1 812,  and  afterward  on  the  African 
Am.  Autho'^rs  coast,  whcre,  in  1859-61,  he  re-captured  and  landed  3,600 
p-  •♦73-  slaves.      In  early  youth  he  was  a  student  of  law  at  Whites- 

boro. 

Rear  Admiral  Montgomery  Hunt  Sicard,  Annapolis, 
'56,  was  President  of  the  Naval  Board  of  Direction  during 
the  recent  war  between  the  United  States  and  Spain,  (1898). 
Residence,  Westernville. 

Bi-NCH    and    bar. 

Jonas  Plat r,  (1 769-1 834).   Was  successively, from  1796- 

1823,  Member  of  Assembly,  and  of  the  State  Senate,  can- 

M.  H.,  pp.  5i7-(lidate  for  Governor,  and  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 

20. 

jones'sAnnais  Ncw  York  State  ;  in  1 79 1  appointed  Clerk  of  Herkimer 
Bacon°s^  Early  County  and  held  this  of^ce  until  1798,  when  the  new  county 
Bar.  (Oneida),  was  constructed  and  he  became  its  first  Clerk. 

Among  those  who  made  the  earliest  Bar  of  Oneida 
County  remarkably  brilliant  were  :  Thomas  Ruggles  Gold, 

Jones'sAnnais  (17 );    HeNRY  RANDOLPH  StORRS,    (  I  787- I  837)  ;  SaM- 

PP.7Q5-6.         UEL  A.   Talcott,    C1789-1836);    William  H.   Maynard, 

Bacon's  Early 

Bar.  (about  1786-1832);   Greene  C.  Bronson,  (1789-1863),  in 


NOTEWORTHY  CITIZENS  OF  ONEIDA  COUNTY.  75 

1853  Collector  of  the  Port  of  New  York,  but  removed  on 
account  of  refusal  to  dismiss  officials  for  political  reasons  m.  h.,  pp.  4,9- 
(M.  H.,  p.  524).      These  five  men  all  served  in  Congress,  ^°''' '^^ 
as  well  as  on   the    Bench  of  the   Supreme   and  Appellate 
Courts  of  the  State. 

To  their  number  must  be  added  the  names  of  William 
Curtis  Noyes,  (i 804-1 864),  who  came  to  Oneida  County 
as  a  young  man.  and  the  brothers,  William  Tracy,  (1805- 
1881),  and  Charles  Tracy,  (1810-1885),  who  were  natives 
of  Whitesboro.  These  were  all  lawyers  of  high  reputation 
whose  early  professional  years  were  largely  spent  in  Utica.  '  ^;'  ^^'  ^^*' 
Mr.  Noyes  bequeathed  his  fine  law  library  to  Hamilton 
College.  Both  William  and  Charles  Tracy  were  zealous 
students  of  early  local  history,  and  pioneers  in  its  intro- 
duction. 

Hiram  Denio,    (i  799-1 871).    Justice  of   the  Court  of 
Appeals,   1853-1866.      His  decisions  are  accepted  as  mod- jj  ^ 
els.      In  politics   he  was   a   Democrat.      During  the  Civile- 
War  he  voted  for  Lincoln  and  steadily  supported  his  admin- 
istration. 

Joshua  Austin  Spencer,   (i 790-1 857).    United    States 
District  Attorney  for  the  Northern   District  of  New  York, 
then  including    nearly  the    whole  State,    (1841-45);   State 
Senator;   resident  of  Utica  for  thirty  years.     Of  him  Judge 
Denio  said  :    "  No  other  man  within  my  knowledge  has  ac- 
quitted himself  for  a  lifetime  with  such  universally  distin-    '    ''^^'  ^^^' 
guished    ability."       The   case  which   secured   him    widest  Baton's  Early 
fame  was  "The  People  vs.  Alexander  McLeod,  "    (1841).  ^*''- 
(See  HI.).      His   second  wife  was  the   daughter   of  Judge 
James  Dean. 

Samuel  Beardsley,(i 790-1 860).  State  Senator;  United 
States  District  Attorney  for  the   Northern  District  of  New**,  h., p.  516. 
York  ;   Member  of  Congress  during  four  terms  ;  Attorney- 


^6  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

General  of  New  York,  and  the  last  Chief  justice  of  the  old 

Bacon's  Early  -' 

Bar.  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  (1847). 

Philo  Gridley  (1796-1864).     b.  Paris.      Hamilton, '16. 

Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York  ;  Justice  of  the 

555.6.'  Court  of  Appeals,  (1852).      As  Circuit  Judge    of  the  Fifth 

Judicial  District  he  presided  at  the  trial  of  Alexander  Mc- 

Leod,  (1841).      (See  III.). 

John  Savage,  (i  799-1 863).      Union,  1799.       Dist.  Att'y 

for  Northern  N.  Y.      Member  of  Assembly  from  Washing- 

M.  H.,  pp.,      ^Q^  Qq   .   ^jgiyji-,gj.  qI  Congress  for  two  terms  ;  Comptroller 

553  5- 

of  the  State  ;    Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  N. 
Y.,   1823-36.      Resident  of   Utica  continuously  from  1851. 
William  Johnson  Bacon,  (1803-1889^.     Hamilton,  '22. 
Member  of  Assembly  ;  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
32.  State  16  years  ;   Member  of  Congress.     As  a  citizen,  ident- 

ified with  most  of  the  public  enterprises  and  charitable  in- 
stitutions of  Utica. 

Charles  Mason,  (18 10-1879).  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State  for  22  years  ;  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Appeals,  (by  appointment  of  Gov.  Fenton,  to  fill  vacancy), 
1868-71.      Resident  of  Utica  from  1870. 

Ward  Hunt,    (i 810-1886).      Union,  '28.      Judge  of  the 
Ibid.,  pp.  547,    Qq^j-^-  Qf  Appeals,   1866-73  ;  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  U.  S.   1873-83. 

Horatio  Seymouu,  "the  Sage  of  Deerfield",  (1810- 
1886}.  Identified  with  a  great  variety  of  philanthropic, 
civic  and  rural  interests  ;  Member  of  Assembly  ;  twice 
Governor  of  N.  Y.,  (1853,  1863);  Democratic  candidate  for 
the  Presidency  in  i  868,  defeated  by  General  Grant. 

A  bronze  memorial  bust  of  Gov.  Seymour,  presented  by 
Dr.  George  L.  Miller,  of  Omaha,  Neb. ,  was  unveiled  on 
the  grounds  of  the  Oneida  Historical  Society,  Sept.  22, 
1899. 


Ibid  ,  p.  566. 


M.  H.,  Pt.  II 
PP-  3-7- 


Daily  Papers. 


NOTEWORTHY  CITIZENS  OF  ONEIDA  COUNTY.  7/ 

Alexander    Smith  Johnson,     (i 8 17-1878).     /'.    Utica; 
Yale,  '35.      Justice  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  1851-60,  and  ^^  h..  pp.  556, 
again  to    fill    vacancy,     1874.      U.    S.    Circuit  Judge  from  557- 
1875.      Regent    of    the    University  from    1864.      Resident 
of  Utica  from  i860. 

Montgomery    Hunt    Throop,   (i 827-1 892).      Resident 
of  Utica    1851-64.         "  The  Future:   a  Political  Fssay;^^^^^,^^^^ 
Validity    of     Verbal    Agreements ;     Armotated    Code    of^^-  Authors. 

Contemp.Biog 

Civil  Procedure ;  The  N.  V.  Justices'  Manual;  Digest 
of  Mass.  Supreme  Jud'l  Court  Decisions ;  Revised  Stat- 
utes of  the  State  of  Nezu  York." 

Francis  Kernan,  (1816-1892).      Member  of  Assembly  ; 
Member  of  Congress  ;  U.  S.  Senator,  1875-81  ;  nominated  m.  h..  pt.  11., 
for  Governor  1872  ;   defeated  by  General  John  A.  Dix.      A  ^  ^^" 
Democrat  in  politics.      During   the  Civil  War  he  strongly 
supported    the   Government.      Regent    of    the    University 
from  1870. 

RoscoE  Conkling,  (1 829-1 888).      Member  of  Congress, 

1859-67  ;  U.  S.    Senator,    1867-81.      His   ambitions  were 

forensic  and  political  rather  than    legal;  he  declined   the  ^- ^•' p  547, 

.  .        548. 

Chief  Justiceship    of  the    Supreme    Court   of  the    United 

States  tendered  by  President  Grant,  and  the  Associate  Jus- 
ticeship, by  President  Arthur.  From  1881,  a  prominent 
lawyer  of  New  York  City. 

Henry  Alien  Foster,  (i 800-1 889).       State    Senator 
representing  six  counties,   1830-4;    1840-4;    President   of '^°°'^*™p-^'°- 
the  Senate,  also  of  the  Court  for  the  Correction  of  Errors,  p.  250. 
U.  S.  Senator  for  a  few  months,  (1845),  appointed  to  fill  „f^ariyRo^. 
vacancy  ;  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  1863- 
71.      Lived  a  few  years  at  Utica,  but  chiefiy  at  Rome. 

Theodore    W.    Dwight,    (1822-92).       Hamilton,     40. 
Prof.  Law  and  Pol.  Econ.  at  Ham. Coll.,  1846-58;  Warden 
Columbia  Col.  LawSch.,  1858-91  ;   Member  State  Const!  cat.,  1892-3. 
Convention,   1867  ;  Judge  N.  Y.  State  Commission  of  Ap- 


yS  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

peals  ;   State  Commissioner  Charities  ;   Prison  Labor  Com- 
missioner. 

Sidney  Breese,    (i 800-1 878),    d.  Whitesboro  ;    Union, 
'18  ;  lived  at  Utica  in  his  youth  ;  attained  distinction  in  an- 

Johnson's  Cyc.  '  -^ 

Pioneers,  p.    other  State  ;   U.  S.  Senator  from  Illinois,  1843-9;  Speaker 


203 


of  111.  Legislature  ;  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
that  State. 

Charles  Andrews,    /;.  New  Hartford,   1827.     Judge  N. 
Who's  Who  in  Y.  Court  of   Appeals,   1870-97.      Chief  Justice  from  1881  ; 

Ameiica.  .  ■,  ^ 

residence,  Syracuse. 

Judges  Gaynor  and  Truax,  Edmund  Wetmore  and 
John  D.  Kernan,  are  prominent  members  of  the  New  York 
City  Bench  and  Bar.  Mr.  Kernan  served  with  credit  as 
Railway  Commissioner.      All  are  natives  of  Oneida  County. 

ARCHiEOLOGISTS  AND    PHILOLOGISTS. 

Henry    Rowe    Schoolcraft,    (1793- 1864).      Chemist, 
philologist  and  traveller  ;    was  in    his  youth  a    resident  of 
Utica.      For    a  time     the    family  home     was  at    Verona. 
Dict!^of"Auth  Spent  many  years   among   the    Indians  of  the  North  West 
^'"^  Territor}',  and  discovered  the  source  of  the  Mississippi  River, 

in  Lake  Itasca.  In  1823  he  married  Miss  Johnston,  the 
grand-daughter  of  a  noted  Ojibway  chief,  an  accomplished 
vv'oman  who  had  received  her  education  in  Europe, 

Mr.  Schoolcraft's  ethnological  writings,  says  R.  G.  Gris- 
wold,   "  are  among  the  most  important   contributions  that 

Griswold's  i       i  •  r     i   • 

Prose  Writers,  havc  been  made  to  the  literature  of  this  country.  Archives 
^ew  Am.  Cyc.  ^y  J^jjorigijial  Kiioivledge  ;  Notes  on  the  Iroquois  ;  Algic 
Biog.  Researches  ;  Thirty  Years  with    the  Indians  ;  The  Myth 

of  Hiawatha. 

Edward  Robinson,  (1794-1863),  Hamilton,  '16,  Phil- 
ologist and  Archseologist ;  Tutor  of  Greek  and  Mathemat- 
ics, Ham.  Coll.,  181 7-18  ;  m.  Eliza,  daughter  Dr.  Samuel 
Kirkland,  and  sister  Pres.  Kirkland  of  Harvard  ;  Instructor 


NOTEWORTHY  CITIZENS  OF  ONEIDA  COUNTY.  79 

Andover  Theol.  Sem.,   1821  ;  studied  at  Halle   and  Berlin 
1826-30  ;  m.  the  distinguished  author,  Therese  von  Jacob, 
("Talvi,")  1828  ;   Prof.  Bib.  Lit.  Union  Theol.  Sem.  from 
1837;    Member    Geog'l,    Oriental    and  Ethnol.  Socs. ;  his  ^^jj^^^^jj^ 
library  of    1200   books  and  maps  was  purchased  for  Ham.  Duycuinck 
Coll.    in    1863;    his   great   work.    Biblical  Researches   /« Diets,  of  au- 
Palestine,  Mt.  Sinai  and  Arabia   Petraea,    received  the*^'*'^®' 
gold   medal  of  the    Royal  Geog'l    Soc.  of  London  as  the 
most  learned  production  of  the  century,  and  still  possesses 
great  interest  ;  published  also  an  edition  of   Six  Books  of 
the  Iliad  \  a  Harmony  of  the   Gospels  in   Greek;  a   Greek 
and  English  Lexicon  ;    Greek  and  Chaldee  Grammars  of 
the  Old  and  Netv  Testaments. 

Samuel  Wells  Williams,  (18 12-1884)  ;  b.  Utica. 
Went  to  China  as  missionary  printer,  1833  ;  when  the  U. 
S.  Gov't,  sent  an  expedition  to  negotiate  for  the  opening 
of  Japan  to  free  commercial   intercourse,  i8i;2,  the  Com- ^!^?^^^' ^'°^" 

-'  -^  Diet. 

mander,  Commodore   Perry,  secured  his  services  as  inter- t.  w.  seward 

.  iUHi-TToo  r    1  ,•  -T  inTratis.  O.H. 

preter  ;  was  the  first  U.  S.  Sec.  of  Legation  m  Japan,  s.isss-e, 
(1854),  and  the  first  at  the  Capital  of  China,  (1862)  ;  re- 
turning to  the  U.  S.  finally  in  1875,  was  appointed  Lecturer 
on  Chinese  at  Yale  Coll.  Easy  Lessons  in  Chinese  ;  Tonic 
Diet,  of  the  Chinese  Language,  fthe  great  work  of  his 
life)  ;    The  Middle  Ki^igdom. 

MEN    OF    SCIENCE. 

Asa  Gray,  (18 10-1888),  /;.  Paris.  Taught  the  natural 
sciences  in  Utica  Gymnasium,  1832-4  ;  for  30  years  Prof, 
of  Botany  at  Harvard  University,  to  which  he  presented 
his  herbarium  of  200,000  specimens,  and  a  library  of  over 
2,200  Botanical  Works  ;  Pres.  A.  A.  A.  S. ,  '72  ;  Pres.  Am.  chambers' 
Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  1863-73.  His  researches  and  fggo.^''"  ^'*' 
publications  embraced  the  liora  of  North  America,  which 
he,  with  Dr.  John  Torrey,  first  arranged  upon  the  basis  of 


80  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF   UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

affinity  ;  he  had  "  equal  abihty  in  communicating  ele- 
mentary knowledge,  and  in  elucidating  recondite  theories." 
Flora  of  N.  A.;  Structural  and  Systeinatic  Botaiiy  ;  Man- 
ual of  Botany  ;  Field,  Forest  and  Gardeti  Botany  ;  also 
A  Free  Examination  ot  Da' main's  Treatise;  Natural 
Science  and  Religion  ;  and  Govt  Repts.  and  separate 
monographs  under  200  titles. 

James  Dwight  Dana,  (18 13- 1895),  b.  Utica  ;  Yale,  '33. 
Ed.  Am.  Jour,  of  Science  ;  Pres.  A.  A.  A.  S.,  '54  ;  Hon- 
onary  Ph.  D.,  Munich,  '72  ;  his  service  at  Yale  College 
covered  more   than   40    years  ;   his    books    are     standard 

Chambers'  /^         i  i    /^  i^ 

Encyc,  Ed.      treatises  on  Zoopnytes,  Corals  and  Crustacea.      Manual  of 
'^"  Geology  ;  System  of  Mineralogy  ;  Refts   of   Wilkes'   Ex- 

ploring Expedition  ;  Manual  of  Mineralogy  ;  and  text 
books  frequently  revised  and  enlarged. 

Samuel  FiNLEY  Breese  Morse,  (1791-1872).  Yale,  '10. 
Made  frequent  and  prolonged  visits  in  Utica  while  pursuing 
his  early  profession  of  artist  ;  as  Director  of  the  Telegraph 
M.  H.,  p,  2:2.  Company  that  was  formed  here  to  put  in  practice  his  newly 
invented  magnetic  telegraph,  (see  V.),  he  is  mentioned  in 
the  directories  of  1848-9  and  1849-50  ;  he  had  many  rela- 
tives here,  and  his  second  wife  was  a  Utican. 

We  may  mention,  in  passing,  that  the  first  telegraph 
instruments  ever  made  were  manufactured  in  Utica  by 
Samuel  W.  Chubbuck,  (1799-1875). 

Amariah    Brigham,    M.    D.,    (1798-1849).       Came    to 

Utica  from  Massachusetts  in    1842   to  become  the  first  Su- 

,   rr  i.perintendent  of    the  State   Lunatic  Asylum  ;    founded    in 

Blnmer's  Half  r  ^  -^ 

Cent.  Med.-      1 844  at  his  private  expense,  the  Journal  of  Insani'y,  the 
App^ieton^J*'    first  joumal  in  the    English  language   devoted  to  mental 
cyc.Ain.  Biog.  j^gfjicine  ;  it  soon  became  the  organ  of  the  alienists  of  the 
whole'country,  reported  the  papers  of  the  American  Medico- 
Psychological  Association,  and   gave   purpose  and  consist- 


NOTEWORTHY  CITIZENS  OF  ONEIDA  COUNTY.  8  I 

ency  to  the  scientific  spirit  of  investigation,  at  that  time 
almost  elementary.  Mental  Ciiltivatioi  and  Excitement ; 
Influence  of  Mental  Cultivation  07i  the  Health  ;  Influence 
of  Religion  on  the  Health  and  Physical  Welfare  of  Man- 
kind ;  and  Asyhtm  Souvenir,  a  small  volume  of  maxims 
for  the  use  of  those  who  had  been  under  his  care, 
(Utica,  '49). 

Dr.  John  Purdue  Gray,  (1825-1886).     Dickinson  Coll.  ; 
Utica,  1850.  as  Third  Ass't  physician  at  the  State  Hospital  i^'<i- 
under  Dr.  Brigham  ;    started  "The  Opal",  a  monthly  de-  , 

^  '  _  .  .  Nat.  Cyc.  Am. 

signed  to  be  edited  and  printed  by  the  patients,  which  con-  Biog. 
tinned  for  nine  or  ten  years;  in  1854  became  Superintendent;  Bi'og^'of^N.  v. 
was  one  of  the  earliest  advocates  of  minute  pathological 
study  of    insanity,  and  was  influential    in  securing  the  re- 
moval of  insane  paupers  from  almshouses  to  State  Asylums. 
Editor  Journal  of  Insanity. 

Christian    Henry    Frederick    Peters,    (181 3-1890). 
Univ.  Berlin,  '36.      Engaged  on  geodetic  survey  of  Mount 
Etna,    1838-43  ;   artillery  offtcer   under    Garibaldi,    1849- 
50;  came  to  America,   1852;   Director  of  Ham.  Coll.  Ob- 
servatory,  1858  ;  Litchfield  Prof.  Astronomy,   1867  ;  under  Ham.  Lit. 
the  Regents  of  the  Univ.,  he  determined  the  exact  longi   ^on., Nov. 
tude  of  various  cities  of  N.  Y. ,  and  the  western  boundary  Aiuson's  Hist. 
of  the  State  ;  discovered  forty-seven  asteroids;  published  qJi'^p  ^^' 
two  celestial  charts  in    1882.     The    King  of  Sweden  con- L'.PPi"'=o"'s 
ferred  upon  him  a  gold  medal  for  his  discoveries  connected 
with  the  Sun  ;  the  French  Government,  in  similar  recog- 
nition, bestowed  the  Cross  of  the  Legion  of  Honor,  (1887). 
He  was  buried  in  the  College  Cemetery,  July  21,   1890. 

Joseph  Albert  Lixtner,  (1822-98).      Manufacturer  at 
Utica,   1860-7  ;  Ass't  Zoologist  in  the  N.  Y.  Stats  Museum  contemp.Biog 
at  Albany,   1868  ;  served  twelve  years  ;   devoted  himself  to  ?,^  ^^^7°'"'' 

•^  Vol.   IV.,  p, 

research   into  the  relations  of  entomology  to    Agriculture  169. 
and    Horticulture;   appointed  State  Entomologist,    1880; 
6 


G.  H.  Wil- 


82  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

his  publications  are  embodied  in  many  Annual  Re- 
ports. 

George  Huntington  Williams,  (1856-94).  b.  Utica. 
Amherst,  '78  ;  Heidelberg  Univ  ,  '82  ;  Prof.  Inorganic 
Geology  at  Johns  Hopkins,  1892  ;  contributed  68  articles, 
liams  Mem'i.  (1884-90),  to  German  Am.  Rev.  of  Mineralogy,  Geol.  and 
Am.  Authors.  Palcou.,  and  several  monographs  in  the  J.  H.  series  ;  Mod- 
ern Petrography  ;  and  Elements  of  Crystallography ; 
member  of  many  scientific  societies. 

Among  early  microscopists,  William  C.  ■  Johnson  and 
Dr.  A.  R.  Copeman,  both  then  residents  of  Utica,  did 
original  and  valuable  work  (1860-70),  the  results  of  which 

Mr.  W.  C.  .  . 

Walker.  Were    uoted    in  the  London  and  Edinburgh  Microscopical 

Journals  ;  Mr.  Johnson's  mounts  and  drawings  of  the 
Greville-Barbadoes  deposits  aroused  great  scientific  in- 
terest. 

Henry  P.  Startwell,  M.  D.,  (about    1 791 -1867),  who 

J.  V.  Haberer  ^ 

in  Trans,  o.     lived  at  Ncw  Hartford  in  his  youth,  and  later  distinguished 
.    '  1887-9,    [^ij^-^ggif  ag  a  botanist,  left  an  herbarium  of  8,000  specimens, 

pp.  188-9.  '  X^  ' 

Cat.  Ham.       now  owncd  by  Hamilton  College. 

Peter  D.  Knieskern,  M.  D.,    (i  798-1 871),  while  living 

J.  v.  Haberer  .  '     V    /  :^  /     /'  !5 

in  Trans,  o.    at  Oriskany,  compiled  a  catalogue  of  the  plants  of  Oneida 
H.s  1887-9.     County,  published  1842. 

pp.  187,  igi.  ./  '    r  ^ 

George  Vasey,  M.  D.,  (1822-.?).  Spent  portions  of 
Ibid.  his  life  at  Oriskany  and  Verona,  and   was  intimately  asso- 

j.  V.  Haberer.  ^.j^^g J  with  Dr.  Knieskcm;  Botanist  of  the  Dept.  of  Agri- 
culture, Washington,  from  1872. 

Edwin  Hunt,    (1837- 1880).     Amherst.    '58.      Professor 

J.  V.  Haberer  ir--  -itt-  *         i  r 

in  Trans,  o.  of  Natural  Sciences  in  the  Utica  Academy  tor  many  years 
from  1865;  collected  an  herbarium  of  about  4,000  plants, 
which  was  bought  by  the  Asa  Gray  Botanical  Club,  1887. 
Rev.  John  A.  Paine,  Jr.,  compiled  a  catalogue  of 
plants  found  in  Oneida  County  and  vicinity  which  was 
published  in  the  Report  of  the  Regents   of  the    University 


H.s. 

,  1887. q 

pp.  i: 

89-qi. 

Ibid. 

,  p.    IQT 

NOTEWORTHY  CITIZENS  OF  ONEIDA  COUNTY.  83 

for  1865.      It  embraces  the   whole   of  the   central  part  of 
the  State. 

In  the  living  generation  a  dozen  men  having  present  or 
past  connection  v^ith  Oneida  County  are  doing  recognized 
field-work  near  or  far,  or  devoting  a  scanty  leisure  to  study 
and  experiment. 

William  C.  Walker,  b.  1847.  Since  early  boyhood 
a  resident  of  Utica  ;  microscopist  ;  specialty,  Diatoms  ;  dis- 
coverer of  nearly  twenty  species  ;  member  of  the  London 
Micros.  Soc,  (F.  R.  M.  S).,  honorary  and  corresponding 
member  of  many  Continental  Scientific  Soc's.  Catalogue 
of  Diatoms  of  Central  N.  Y.,  and  papers  for  Microscopical 
Journals. 

George  C.  Hodges  has  done  original  work  in  Chemical 
Analysis  ;  Dr.  William  Ralph  is  quoted  by  Bendire  in 
Life  Histories  of  N.  A.  Birds,  as  authority  in  ornitho- 
logy and  oology  ;  his  gift  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  of 
a  collection  of  Eggs  and  Nests,  the  work  of  over  twenty 
years,  is  important  and  valuable.  In  collaboration  with 
Egbert  Bagg  he  has  published  an  Annotated  List  of 
Birds  of  Oneida  Comity. 

In  Butterflies,  Dr.  Mathias  Cook  is  an  expert  ;  on 
Ferns,  both  native  and  foreign,  Benjamin  D.  Gilbert,  of 
Utica  and  Clayville,  is  an  authority  ;  and  Dr.  Joseph  V.  Ha- 
BERER,  of  Utica,  is  a  specialist  in  Cryptogams,  and  author 
of  a  pamphlet  on  Flora  of  Utica  and  Vicinity  for  May 
and  June. 

Rev.  J.  W.  Whitfield,  known  in  local  circles  for  his 
interest  in  microscopy,  photography,  and  electricity,  is  also 
a  skilled  maker  of  lenses  and  of  shell  cameos. 

Robert  Parr  Whitfield,  {b.    New   Hartford,     1828). 
In  employ  of  Samuel  Chubbuck,  (see  above),  1848-56;  Ass't  who's  who  in 
inPalgeon.,  and  N.    Y.  State  Nat.  Hist.,    1856-76;   U.   s. '^°'^"*'*" 
Geol.  Survey;  Curator  Geol.  Dept.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 


84  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Central  Park,  N.  Y. ,  since  1877;  original  Fellow  A.  A.  A. 

S. ;   Fellow  Geol.  Soc.  of  America  ;   Writer  on  Geology. 
Rev.    Edward  Payson   Powell,    (/;.    1833),  Hamilton, 

'53.  A  scientific  agriculturist,  and  writer  and  lecturer 
Adams's  Diet  ^P^n  cconomic  and  educational  subjects  ;  long  resident  in 
Am.  Authors.  Clinton  ;     Our  Heredity   from    God ;  Liberty    atid  Life  ; 

historical  and  political  pamphlets  and  addresses  ;     Nulli- 
fication and  Secession  in  the  U.  S. 

Albert  Huntington   Chester,   {b.    1843).     Columbia 

School   of   Mines,  '68  ;  Prof.    Chemistry,    Mineralogy  and 

Metallurgy,  Ham.  Coll.,  1870-91  ;  Prof.  Chem.  and 
Appieton's  Mineral.,  Rutgers  Coll.  since  1892;  since  '82  connected 
cycAm.Biog.^-^j^  the  N.  Y.  State  Board  of  Health.      Deposits    of  the 

Vermilion  District,  Minn. ;   Catalogue  of  Minerals,   with 

Che^nical  Cotnposition  and  Synonyms. 

Charles    Doolittle  Walcott,    {b.   New  York    Mills, 

1850).  Assistant  Geologist  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  '79  ;  now 
Appieton's  Dircctor  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  a  bureau  of  the  Department 
Cyc.  Am.         of  the  Interior.    The  Trilobite ;  Palceontoloscy  of  the  Eitreka 

Authors.  .  .  .  . 

District ;     Cam.brian   Fauna   of  North    America  ]     Utica 
Slate  and  Related  Formations. 

Albert  P.  Brigham,  {b.  1855),  Colgate,  '79-  Geolo- 
gist of  the  Mohawk  and  Sauquoit  Valleys  and  Finger  Lakes  ; 
Pastor  Tabernacle  Church,  Utica,  1885-91.  Now  Prof. 
Geol.,  Colgate  Univer.  ;  Fellow  Geol.  Soc.  of  America. 
America.  °  '  Many  articlcs  in  scientific  periodicals  on  the  geology  and 
physical  geography  of  N.  Y. ,  especially  in  connection  with 
the  glacial  period. 


Men  of  Letters. 
Alexander  Bryan    Johnson,  (1786-1867).      Hamilton, 

Pioneers,  pp.  ^ 

321-31.  '32.      Admitted    to  the  Bar,  never    practised.     Philosophy 

Am  Biog^'^'^    ^f  Human  Knowledge,  a  treatise  on  Language  ;  Physiol- 


NOTEWORTHY  CITIZENS  OF  ONEIDA  COUNTY.  85 

ogy  of  the  Senses  ;  Religion  in  its  Relations  to  the  Present 
Life  ;  Treatise  on  Bankiiig  :  Guide  to  the  Right  Under- 
standing of  otir  American    Union. 

The  following,  while  known  as  authors,  were  especially 
noted  as  Abolitionists  : 

Gerrit  Smith,  (1797- 1874),  b.  Utica  ;  son  of  the 
Pioneer,  Peter  Smith  ;  Hamilton,  '18.  About  1803  his 
father  removed  to  Whitesboro  and  in  1806  to  Peterboro, 
Madison  Co.,  giving  the  new  home  his  own  name. 

Probably  no  more  disinterested  philanthropist  than  Ger- 
rit Smith  ever  lived.      Refined,  intellectual  and  fastidious, 
he  received  into  the  intimacy  of  family  life  and  welcomed 
to    his    table,    despised  Abolitionist    and    runaway  black  Am.  Biog. 
slave.      He  exposed  his  health  in  hiding  slaves  from  their  f'^''\^*^^' 

^  "  ham's  Biog. 

pursuers,  and  braved  the  sneers  of  his  class  for  consorting  Gernt  smith, 
with  "fanatics."  Of  lands  inherited  from  his  father  he 
distributed  200,000  acres  to  poor  settlers,  black  and  white. 
He  served  a  term  in  Congress  in  1852.  The  Religion 
of  Reason  ;  The  Theologies  ;  Nature  the  Basis  of  a  Free 
Theology  ;  Sermons  and  Speeches  ;  Speeches  in  Con- 
gress. 

Beriah  Green,  (1795-1874)  ;  Middlebury,  '19.  Prof. 
Sacred  Lit.,  Western   Res.   Coll.;    Anti-Slavery  and  Tem- j^^^^j^.g  ^^^^ 

perance    Agitator;  Pres.    Oneida  Inst.,    a    Manual  Labor  Biog.  Notes,  p. 

175. 
School  ;   Pastor    at    Whitesboro,    1833-74.      A  History  of 

the  Quakers  ;  Sermons  and  Discourses^  with  a  few  Essays 

and  Addresses. 

Theodore   D wight    Weld,    (1803-18 — )  ;    studied    at 

Hamilton  ;  also  at  Oberlin  and  Lane   Sem. ;  left  the  latter 

institution  on  the  suppression  of  the  Anti-Slavery  Soc.    of 

the  Sem.,  by  the  Trustees.      A  resident  of  Oneida  Co.  for^m.  Biog. 

a  few  years  before  1830  ;  licentiate  of  Oneida  Presbytery  ; 

a  strong  anti-slavery  agitator  ;    ni.    the  South   Carolinian 


86  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Angelina  Grimke,  also  an  ardent  anti-slavery  public 
speaker,  who  had  emancipated  a  large  number  of  slaves 
inherited  from  her  father  ;  in  1830  became  agent  of  the 
Soc.  to  promote  Manual  Labor  in  Schools  and  Colleges. 
The  Bible  against  Slavery  ;  American  Slavery  as  it  is; 
Slavery  and  the  Internal  Slave  Trade. 

Several  of  our  Clergymen  are  known  also  as  authors. 

George  Washington  Bethune,  (1805- 1862),  Columbia 
G.w.Bethune  and  Dickinson,  '22;   Princeton  Theol.  Sem. ;   Pastor  Dutch 
^T^^-,  ^.  ,  Ref.  Ch.,   Utica,  1830-34.    The  Fruit  of  the  Spirit  ;  Hist. 
Am.  Authors,  of  a  Penitent  ;    Early  Lost,   Early   Saved  ;    Memoirs   of 
Mrs.  Joanna  Bethune  ;  Lays  of  Love  and  Faith. 

Henry  Mandeville,  (1804-1858),  Union,  '26  ;  Pastor 
M.H.,p.4i5.  Dutch  Ref.  Ch.,  Utica,  1834-41  ;  Prof.  Moral  Phil,  and 
Appieton's      Rhet. ,  Ham.  Coll. ,  1841-9  ;   author  of  a  series  of  Readers 

Cyc.Am.  Biog.  .... 

Trien.  Cat.      and    of  Elements  of  Reading  and  Oratory,  which  is    still 

Ham.  Coll.         ^^^^  ^^  ^  ^^^^  ^^^^  -^^  CollcgCS. 

Samlel  Ware  Fisher,  (1814-1874),  Yale,  '35  ;    Union 

Nat.  cyc.  Am. Theol.    Scm. ;  Pres.    Ham.   Coll.,    1858-66;  Pastor  West- 

Biog.  minster  Ch.,  Utica,  1867-71.      Three  Great  Temptations  ; 

Mem'i.  Sermons  on  the  Life  of  Christ  ;    Occasional  Sermons  and 

Addresses. 

Philemon  Halstead  Fowler,    (18 14- 1879)  ;    Hobart, 
'32;     Princeton    Theol.    Sem.;     Pastor    First    Pres.    Ch., 

Gen.  Cat. 

Auburn  Theol.  Utica,  1 85 1 -65  ;  Presbyteriauism  in  Central  N.  Y.\  Rela- 
sem.,  1883,  p.    fi^j^^  lyjr  Labor  and  Capital ;    Memoir  of  Major    William 

Fowler. 

Samuel  Oilman  Brown,  (i 8 13-1885)  ;   Dartmouth,  '31  ; 

Andover  Theol.  Sem. ;  Prof.  Oratory  and   Belles  Letters, 
Duyckinck's    jj^^^j    pj^-j^  and  PoHt.  Econ.,  Dart.  Coll.,  1840-67;    Pres. 

Cyc.  Am.  Lit. 

(Supp't)Art.  Ham.  Coll.  1867-81.  Life  of  Rnfns  Choate  ;  Biography 
p  i(^™  °  "  ^f  Self-  Taught  Men,  and  many  addresses  and  magazine 
s.  G.  Brown,    articles  on    Literature,    Art    and    History.       Resident     of 

Mem'l.  ,   .       ,         , 

Utica  for  a  few  years  before  his  death. 


NOTEWORTHY  CITIZENS  OF  ONEIDA  COUNTY.  8/ 

William   Thomas   Gibson,    (1822- 1896)  ;   Hobart,   '42. 
A  man   of  varied   learning  ;    Ass't  Rector  of     Grace  Ch., 
Utica,     1858-62,    and,     except  for  brief    intervals,    of  St.  jj^^^h.  Eclectic 
George's,   1863-83  ;  also  of    other  churches  in  the  county  -May,  1895. 
Chaplain  State  Hospital  ;   Ed.  Gospel  Messenger,  1860-72  ; 
Ed.  and  Prop'r   Church  Eclectic,   1873-95. 

Isaac  S.  Hartley,  ( 183 i- 1899)  ;  Univ.  of  N.  Y. ,  '52  ; 
Pastor  Dutch  Ref.  Ch.,  Utica,  1 870-1 890  ;  of  the  Epis.Ch., 
Great  Harrington,  Mass.,  1892.  Prayer  and  its  Relation  /(?  n.  y.  Times, 
Modern  TJioiight  and  Criticism  \  Hist,  of  the  Refonned^^^ ^'''^'^'^' 
Church ;  Memorial  of  Rev.  P .  H.  Fourier  ;  Old  Fort 
Schuyler  in  History  ;  The  Tivelve  Gates  ;  Verses  from 
Various  Authors. 

Leicester  Ambrose  Sawyer,  (1807- 1898)  ;  Hamilton, 
'28  ;  Princeton  Theol.  Sem. ;  Pres.  Central  Coll.,  O.,  (since 
absorbed  by  Wooster  Univ.)  ;  30  years  resident  in  Whites-^-  herald, 

•^  .        .  Dec.  30,  i8g8, 

boro  ;    Elements     of    Biblical    Interpretation  ;      Or^rt;^/V  Appieton's 
Christianity  \  The  American  Bible  ;    A   New  Translation  ^^^^^'^°^ 
of  the  Nezv  Testament  and  Vol.  I.    of  the  Old   Testament  \ 
Reconstruction  of  Bible  Theories. 

Thomas  Jefferson  Sawyer,  (1804- 1899)  ;   Middlebury, 
'29  ;  Prin.  Clinton  Liberal    Institute,   1845-52  ;  one  of  the 
founders  of  Tufts  College,  Mass.;  from    1869   Prof.  Theol.  Am.  Biog. 
and  Dean  of  the  College.      Doctrine  of  Eternal  Salvation  ;  Appieton's 

^  -^  Cyc.Am.  Biog. 

Who  is  God,  the    Son    or    the  Father  ?  ;  Endless  Punish- 
ment. 

Edward  Bright,    (i  808-1 894).      For  many  years  Ed. 
N.  Y.  Examiner  and  Chronicle,  the  organ   of  the   Baptist  pioj,ggjgp 
Church  ;  lived  in  Utica  in  his  youth,  and  until  about  1841  ;  528. 

Directory,  1834 

from  1833  or  -4,  with  Dolphus  Bennett,  printed   and  pub- jones'sAnnais 
lished  in  Utica  the  N.  Y.  Baptist  Register,  (founded  i824;P-^^-^- 
A.  M.  Beebee,  Ed).      Pastor  Bleecker  St.  Baptist  Church, 
1 840- 1 84 1. 

Edward    Gayer    Andrews,    b.    New    Hartford,     1825. 


Ibid. 


88  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Lippincott's     Consecrated     Bishop     Meth.    Epis.    Ch.,     1872  ;   Diocese, 

Biog.  Diet.  \  ^  ■>  I       1  ' 

Who's  Who  iu  Iowa.      Residence,  since  1888,  New  York. 

menca.  Melancthon    Woolsey    Stryker,    d.    Vemon,     1851  ; 

Nat.  cyc.  Am,  Hamilton,  '72  ;  grandson  of  Com.  Woolsey  ;  Pres.    Ham. 

Adams's  Diet   Coll.  since  1892.      Miriam   and  Other  Verse  \   Hamilton, 

Am.  Biog.       Lincoln,  and  otJier  Addresses  ;    The  Letter  of  James  the 

Just  ;  LattermatJi. 

Charles  Frederick  Goss,   [b.    1852).     Hamilton,  '73  ; 

Who's  Who  in 

America.         Pastor  Bethany  Ch.,  Utica,  188 1-5.      The  Optimist  \  Hits 
and  Misses  ;    The  PJiilopalist.      Residence,  Cincinnati. 

George  Hodges,  {p.  Rome,  1856).  Hamilton,  Jj  ; 
Dean  Epis.  Theol.  Sch.,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  since  1894. 
Christianity  bet%ueen  Sundays  ;  In  the  Present  World  ; 
The  Battles  of  Peace. 

Moses  Mears  Bagg,  M.  D.  {b.  Utica  1816)  ;  Yale,  '37; 
Med.  Coll.,  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  '41  ;  studied  afterward  in  Paris  ; 
established  at  Utica  since  1846;  Pioneers  of  Utica,  1877; 
Memorial  History  of  Utica,  N.    Y.,   1892. 

Other  Historians  of  Oneida  County  are  :  Pomroy  Jones, 
(1789-1884),  Annals  and  Recollections  of  Oneida  County, 
185 1.  Daniel  E.  Wager  of  Rome,  (1823-96),  Our 
County  and  its  People  ;  a  de script l  ve  zvork  oji  Oneida 
County,  1896  ;  and  various  historical  addresses.  Rev.  A. 
D.  Gridley,  of  Clinton,  (18 19-1876),  History  of  the  Toivn 
of  Kirkland,  1874.  Henry  C.  Rogers,  (1832-1880);  His- 
tory of  the  To%v7i  of  Paris  and  the  Valley  of  the  Sauquoit, 
1881. 

Marc  Cook,  (i 854-1882),  andCnANNiNG  M.  Huntington, 
( 1 861-1894),  were  known  as  writers  of  verses,  the  former 
under  the  name  of  Vandyke  Brown  ;  he  also  wrote  The 
Wilderness  Ciire. 

Harold  Frederic,  (1856-1898),  b.  Utica,  d.  London, 
England.      Proof  reader  on  the   Utica  Herald  ;    chief  edi- 


NOTEWORTHY  CITIZENS  OF  ONEIDA  COUNTY.  89 

torial  writer  for  the  Utica  Observer,  1880  ;    editor  Albany 

Evening  Journal,   1882  ;  on  N.  Y.  Times,  1884  ;  then  went 

to  England  ;     m.  a  granddaughter  of    Beriah  Green.      His 

stories  were  written  in  England  ;  their  scenes  laid  in  Amer-  Daily  Papers. 

ica,  and  usually  in    N.  Y.   State.      Set /is  Brother's  Wife  ; 

The  Lawton  Girl ;   hi  the  Valley  ;    The  Copperhead ;    The 

Damnation  of  Theron  Ware  (English  title,  Illumination)  ; 

left  completed  MSS.  of    two    novels,     Gloria  Miindi   and 

The  Market  Place. 

Clinton  Scollard,  [b.  Clinton,  i860).     Hamilton,  '81  ; 
Prof.  Eng.  Lit.,  Ham.  Coll. ,  1891-6.      Residence,  Clinton, 
Pictures  in  Song  ;     WitJi  Reed  and  Lyre  ;     Old  and  Neiv  Adams's  Diet. 
World  Lyrics  ;     Songs  of   Sunrise  Lands  ;     Skenandoa  ;  ^^'  •^"'^^°^^- 
Hills  of  Song  ;   also  descriptive  prose  and  prose  romance  ; 
A  Man  at  Arms. 

women  writers. 

Mrs.  Caroline  Stansbury  Kirkland,  (1808- 1864).     A 
resident  of  Clinton  in  her  youth,  and  wife  of  Prof.  William  Griswoid-s 

Prose  A?Vritcrs 

Kirkland  of  Hamilton  College  ;    wrote  stories  and  descrip- of  America, 
tions  of    pioneer  life  ;    also  other  works.      A  Nezv  Home,  Nat.  cyc.  Am. 

Biog.,  Vol.  v.. 

Who  II  Follow?;   Western  Clearings  \    Essay  on    the  Life  -g^^^i,, 
aiid  Writings  of  Spenser  ;  Personal  Memoirs  of  Washing- 
ton ;  Garden  Walks  with  the  Poets. 

Mrs.  Frances  Miriam  Berry  Whitcher,  (18 12- 1852)  ; 
b.   Whitesboro.      A    still    popular    humorist  ;    wife   of    an 

Alllbone's 

Episcopal    clergyman    settled     at     Elmira    and     later  at  Diet.  Am. 
Whitesboro.      Widow  Bedott  Papers  ;  Widow  Spriggins  ;  Adams's  Diet 
and   an  unfinished  story,  Mary  Elmer,   edited    and  com-  Am.  Authors, 
pleted,  with    biographical   sketch  of   the    author,  by  Mrs. 
Martha   L.  Whitcher,    author    of  Stray    Leaves   in    the 
History  of  Whitesboro.  Aiiibone's 

Mrs.  Emily  Chubbuck  Judson,  ("Fanny   Forester  "),  Author™" 
(1817-1854).      While   a  teacher  at    Miss   Sheldon's    Utica  uSnd'Let- 
Female  Academy,  wxoie  Alderbrook  and  other   tales  and  e.  c°judson. 


go  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY, 

verses  ;   ;;/.    Rev.  Adoniram  Judson,  and  went  with  him  as 
missionary  to  Burmah. 

The   sisters,    Frances  and   Metta  Fuller.      Lived  at 
Rome  and  afterwards  in  Whitestown  ;  their  earHest  work 
a    poem  written    in   conjunction  ;  both   wrote  novels  and 
Adams's  Diet,  verscs,  and  Frances  became  a  lar^e    contributor   to  Ban- 
Aiubone.^"""  croft's  History  of  the  Pacific  States.      Born  in  the  thirties, 
Metta  died  in  '85,  Frances  in  '98.     They  married  brothers, 
Victor.     A//  Over  Oregon  ;     TJie    New    Penelope  ;     Tzvo 
Mormon  Wives  ;    TJie  Senator  s  Son. 
Griswoid's  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Jesup  Fames.      Lived  in  New  Hartford 

pp.  246-0.      '    from  1837.      Poems:     The  Crowning  of  Petrarch  \     Cleo- 
patra ;   Sonnets  to  Milton,  Addison,  Dry  den,  and  Tasso. 
stedmr^and'       Mrs.    Mary    Clemmer    Ames,    ( 1 839- 1 884)  ;     b.    Utica. 
Hutchinson.     Poevis  of  Life  andNatiire  ;     Ten    Years   in    Washington  ; 

Adams's   Diet.  .  .  <s  ' 

Am.  Authors.  Memorials  of  Alice  and  Phoebe  Cary. 

Mrs.  Theodosia  Foster,  ("  Faye  Huntington"),  {b. 
1838).  An  educator  of  Verona,  N.  Y. ;  has  written  ex- 
tensively for  young  people.  /;/  Earnest  ;  A  Baker  s  Dozen  ; 
A  Modern  Exodus. 

Mrs.  Isabella  Macdoxald  Alden,  ("Pansy";  {b.  1841). 
Lived  in  New  Hartford,  where  her  husband  was  Pastor 
Who's  Who  in  Pres.  Ch. ,  1873-6  ;  began  there  the  series  of  ''Pansy  Sto- 
ries," embracing  about  75  titles,  and  edited  S.  S.  Maga- 
zine ;  Lesson  Helps,  for  primary  S.  S.  work.  Esther 
Reid  ;  A  King's  DatigJiter  ;  Four  Girls  at  Chantauqua, 
etc.      Residence,  Philadelphia. 

Rose  Elizabeth  Cleveland,  {b.  1846).      Lives  at  Hoi- 
Adams's  Diet,  land  Patent  ;    George  Eliofs  Poetry  and    OtJier  Studies  ; 

Am.  Authors. 

The  Lo7ig  Run,  a  Novel. 

Mrs.  Florence   Morse  Kingsley,    {b.  1859).      Daugh- 
ter of  the  artists  J.    B.    and    Eleanor  Ecob    Morse;  lived 
during  girlhood   at    Utica  ;    m.  Rev.  Charles  R.   Kingsley. 
Who's  Who  in  Xittis,  a  Soldier  of  the  Cross  :   Stephen  ;     TJie  Cross  Tri- 

America. 

iivipJiant.      Residence,  Staten  Is.,  N.  Y. 


Ibid. 


NOTEWORTHY  CITIZENS  OF  ONEIDA  COUNTY.  9 1 

EDUCATORS. 

To  the  Educators  already  named  we  add  the  follow- 
ing : 

Thomas  Hastings,  (1784- 1872).  Father  of  Thomas  S. 
Hastings  of  Union  Theol.  Sem. ;  began  in  1805,  at  Utica, 
a  work  original  and  of  great   value.      This  was  the  estab-  Pioneers,  pp. 

444-6. 

lishment  of  a  high  standard  of  church  hymns  and  music. 
He  held  that  religion  has  the  same  claim  upon  song  as 
upon  speech  ;  composed,  published,  and  taught  music 
continuously  from  1823-32. 

George  Washington  Gale,    (1789- 1862)  ;   Union,  '14  ; 
founded  Manual   Labor   School   at   Whitesboro,   1835  ;  atpresb'min 
the   head    of    a    colonizing  party    of    his    old   neighbors,  ^ent.  n.  v., 

PP-  552-4- 

founded  the  town  and  college  of  Galesburg,  111. 

George  Robert  Perkins,  (1812-1876)  ;  Hamilton,  '52  ; 
Teacher  in  Liberal  Institute,  Clinton  ;  Prin.  Utica  Acad- 
emy, 1838-44;  Prof,  and  Prin.  State  Normal  Sch. ,  Al- 
bany ;  Director  Dudley  Observatory,  1852  ;  Regent  of  the 
Univ.,  1862  ;  resident  of  Utica  continuously  for  more  than 
twenty  years  before  his  death  ;  author  of  a  series  of 
mathematical  text  books. 

William  Henry  Carpenter,  {b.  Utica,  1853).  Cornell, 
Leipzig  and  Freiburg  ;  Lecturer  on  N.  European  Lit., 
Cornell,     1883  ;     Lecturer    and    Ass't     Prof.,    Columbia, 

'  ^   '  '  Nat.  Cyc.  Am. 

1881-90  ;  succeeded    Prof.  H.  H.  Boyesen  as  head  of  the  Biog.,  voi. 
Dept.  German  Languages,   1875  ;    Griindriss  dcr   Neiiis-         'P-  "  • 
landischen  Gravunatik  ;  Translatio7i  of  an  Icelandic  poem, 
date,  A.  D  14.00  ;  and  many  reviews  and    contributions  to 
Cyclopaedias  and  the  Standard  Dictionary. 

Edward  North,  {b.  1820)  ;  Hamilton,  '41  ;  Prof.  Greek 
and    Latin  at  Hamilton,     1843-62  ;  of    Greek  Lang,    and  Biog.,  voi.  ivi 
Lit.,  from  1862  ;  in  constant  service  of  fifty  years  has  in-P-^'^- 

'  '  ■'    •'  Trien.  Cat. 

structed  2.000  students  ;  Necrologist  since  1855.  Ham. cou. 


92  OUTLINE  H  J  STORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Anson  Judd  Upson,    {b.    1823)  ;    Hamilton,    '43  ;  active 

as  educator  ;  held  chairs  of  Logic,  Rhetoric  and  Elocution 

j^.j  at    Hamilton,     1849-70  ;    Sacred     Rhetoric  and     Pastoral 

Who's  Who  in  Theol.    at  Auburn   Theol.    Sem.,  1 880-7  !    Regent  of    the 

America.  tt     •  r  o  r^t  t  t-.       •  i 

Univ.,  from  1874;  Chancellor,  from  1892  ;  Residence, 
Glens  Falls,  N.  Y. 

Hermann  Carl  George  Brandt,  {b.  1850)  ;  Hamilton, 

'72  ;     Assoc.     Prof.     German,    Johns-Hopkins,     1876-82  ; 

Trien.cat.       p^of.  Mod.  Langs.    and   Philol.,  Ham.   Coll.,  since    1882. 

Ham.  Coll.  '^  '  ' 

Who's  Who  in  Gemian     Grammar  for  Schools  and    Colleges  ;     German 
menca.         Reader  ;    also,  (with  Prof.  H.  C.  G.  Jagemann),  German- 
English  and  English-German  Dictiofiary. 

ARTISTS. 

Henry    Inman,     (i  801-1846)  ;     b.    Utica.      Brother    of 

Commodore  Inman  ;  student  under  the  artist  Jarvis  ;     ex- 

Tuckerman's   ccllcd  in  portraits,  but  was  also  distinguished  for  landscapes 

Bk.of  Am.       ^^^  miniatures.      Most  of  his  works  are  in  England  ;  por- 

Artists.  '='  '    ^ 

Drake's  Am.    traits  of  Wordszvortli,  Dr.  Chalmers  ^nd  Mac  an  lay;  others 
'°^'  are  in  this  country.      In  the  Capitol  at  Washington   is  his 

portrait  of   Chief  Justice  Marshall. 

Erastus  Dow    Palmer,  {b.  18 17).      Came   to  Utica  a 
lad  in  1826,  and  is  mentioned  as  a  resident  in  the    direc- 
tories  for    1844-50  ;   at  first  carpenter  and  pattern  maker; 
Tuckerman's    afterward  executed  portrait  busts  and  bas-reliefs,  and  later 

Bk.of  Am.  ^  . 

Artists.  ideal  pieces.     The  Indian  Girl  \    The  White  Captive  ;    The 

^'xtr'"^^"^"  ^^''^P^^^S  P^'J'i^  etc.      The  great  gilded  sheep  that  for  thirty 
Who's  Who  m  years   adorned  the  Utica  Steam  Woolen  Mill  was  one  of 

America.  -r^i,  ,/-i  •  •  ri-r  i 

Palmers  youthful  creations  ;  specimens  of  his  nner  work 
are  also  to  be  found  in  Utica.  His  home  has  for  many 
years  been  in  Albany. 

Dr.  Henry  Hogeboom  worked  in  clay  and  marble  in 
Utica  between  1850  and  1870  ;  excelled  in  portraiture  in 
intaglio. 


NOTEWORTHY  CITIZENS  OF  ONEIDA  COUNTY.  93 

M.  E.  D.  Brown,  (prob.  1 8 10-1896).  Painted  portraits 
and  landscapes  for  many  years  from  1850.  George  W. 
King,  J.  B.  Morse  and  Mrs.  Eleanor  Ecob  Morse  have 
more  than  a  local  reputation. 

Lemuel  Maynard  Wiles,    {b.  1826).     Taught  drawing 
in  Utica  public  schools  for  a  number  of  years  before  1864.  school  Rep't., 
Director  College  of   Fine  Arts,  Ingham   Univ.,  Leroy,    N.  who's  who  in 
Y.  ;   Director  Art  Dept.  Univ.  of  Tenn.,  Nashville.      Resi- ^"''"^^• 
dence,  New  York. 

Irving  Ramsey  Wiles,  {b.  Utica,  1861).     Son  of  L.  M. 
Wiles.      Studied  at  Art  Students'  League   in    New  York, 
and  in  Paris  with  Boulanger,  Lefebre  and  Carolus  Duran  ;  ibid, 
portrait  and  figure  painter,  and  illustrator  for  leading  mag- 
azines.    Residence,  New  York. 

Arthur  B.  Davies,  ib.  Utica,    1862),  of   Welsh  parent- 

.  .  N.  Y.  Eve. 

age.      His  earliest  work  was   illustrating  for  The  Century  Post,  Apr.  24, 
and    St.    Nicholas   magazines.       In    his   works    landscape  ^'^y  cHtic, 
broadly  treated  is  subsidary  to  the    human    and  poetical  ^p^-  '^97- 
conception.      Residence,  New  York. 

actors. 

James  Henry  Hackett,  (i 800-1 871).      Comedian  and 
Manager  ;  merchant  in  Utica  1820-25  ;   made  his  first  es- p^®"*^",  p. 
say  as  actor  in  the  part  of   "  Dromio  "  in  New  York,   1826.  Nat.  cyc.  Am. 
Later  made  a  great  success  in    London    and  New  York   as  ^'°^' 
"Falstaff, "  a  part  in  which  he  was  said   to   be  without  a 
rival. 

John  A.  Ellsler,  {b.  1822).  Actor  and  Manager.  For 
two  seasons  from  1852  or  1853,  associated  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  Utica  Museum,  (where  is  now  the  store  of 
Buckingham  and  Moak. )  Maggie  Mitchell  was  in  his  com-  g.  e.  cooper, 
pany.  His  wife,  Fanny,  took  the  principal  woman's  parts,  who's  who  in 
His  daughter,  Effie,  has  won  a  reputation  in  "Hazel 
Kirke." 


94  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY, 

William  H.  Crane,  a  native  of  Mass.  Came  to  Utica 
about  1864  ;  was  engaged  bytheHolman  Opera  Co.,  com- 
posed chiefly  of  the  young  members  of  the  Holman  fam- 
ily, with  headquarters  at  Utica, — their  programmes  opera 
bouffe  ;  remained  with  them  for  two  seasons  ;  married  in 
Utica  ;  has  been  an  actor  for  the  past  ten  or  twelve  years. 

government  officials. 

Of  Oneida  County  men  who  have  filled  high  civil  or  po- 
litical positions,  we  note  : 
Nat.  cyc.  Am.      JoHN  Jay  Knox,  of  Kuoxboro,   (1828-1864).     Hamilton, 
^'°^'      ^       '49.      For  seventeen  years  Deputy  Comptroller  and  Comp- 
Ham.  Coll.      trollcr  of  the  National  Currency. 

Ellis  H.  Roberts,    (/;.   Utica,    1827).     Yale,    '50;    for 
many  years  editor  of  the  Utica  Herald  ;    Member  of  Con- 
Adams' Diet,   gress,   1871-5  ;  Ass't  U.  S.  Treas.,  in  charge  of  Sub-Treas- 

Am.  Author.s.  n     r,       ,^ 

ury  at  N.  Y  ,1889-1893  ;  U.  S.  Treas.,  1898.  Government 
Rcveujie  ;  TJic  Planting  and  G:  owth  of  the  Empire  State. 
Thomas  L.  James,  {b.  Utica,  1831).  Postmaster  of  New 
York,  1873-81  ;  Postmaster  General  of  the  U.  S.  1881-2, 
Bio^!^k;".  ^  under  Presidents  Garfield  and  Arthur.  Residence,  New 
York. 

Grover  Cleveland,  (b.  1837).     Governor  of  New  York, 

1882.      President  of    the  United  States    1885-9,    1893-7. 

Appieton's      Spent  several  years  of   his  youth  in   Clinton.      Residence, 

Cyc.  Am.  Biog      f  J  J  » 

Princeton,  N.  J. 

Wilson  S.  Bissell,  {b.  New  London,  Oneida  Co.)  Post- 
master General  1893-5,  under  President  Cleveland.  Resi- 
dence, Buffalo. 

William  H.  Watson,  M.D.,  {b.  1829).  Brown  Univ., 
Nat.  Cyc.  Am. '52.  Hahnemann  Med.  Coll.,  Pa.,  '54.  Surgeon  Gen.  of 
the  State  of  New  York,  1880  ;  Regent  of  the  University, 
1881. 


NOTEWORTHY  CITIZENS  OF  ONEIDA  COUNTY.  95 

Elihu  Root,    (/;.  Clinton,  1845).     Hamilton,  '64.      Ap- D^^^y  p^p^"- 

^  .  July  22,  24, 

pointed  Secretary  of    War  by    President   McKinley,    July,  1899. 
1899. 

Dr.  M.  O.  Terry  was  appointed  Surgeon  General  of  the 
State  by  Governer  Morton,  and  re-appointed  by  Governor 

•^  _   _  t^r  J  U.  Herald, 

Black.      The  new  military  code  abolished  the  office  at  the  Aug.  26, 1898. 
end  of  Governor  Black's  administration,  1898. 

S.    N.    D.    North,   {b.  Clinton,  1848).      Hamilton,  '69. 

Ibid.,  Sept.  7, 

Son  of  Edward  North  ;  was    a    member  of    the    National  Dec.  16.  iSgs. 
Industrial  Commission  by  appointment  of  President  McKin- 
ley,  1898  ;  Assistant  Director  of  the  U.  S.  Census,  1899. 
Thomas  R.  Proctor  is   one  of  the   Honorary  Commis- 

XT  17-1  -r.       •      T^  •    •  .  Ibid.,  Dec.  26, 

sioners  to  represent  New  York  at  the   Pans  Exposition  of  ,898. 
1900  ;  appointed  by  Governor  Black,  1898. 

visitors. 
There  is  a  vague  tradition  that  Washington  once  visit- 

Jones's  Annals 

ed   Old   Fort   Schuyler,  and   it  is  on  record  that,  in  con-  p.  167. 
junction  with  Governor  George  Clinton,  he  owned  land  in  ^*^^'^'^„"^^^' 

J  °  '  Oneida  Co.,  p. 

Oneida  County.  52- 

La  Fayette  made  an  earlier  visit  to    the    County  than 
that  of  1825.      In  October,   1784,  four  months  after  Hugh 

TTT1  -11  -1  TTT1  •  T        T^  •  PioDeers,  p. 

White  had  arrived  at  Whitestown,  La  rayette,  coming  to  628. 

Fort  Stanwix  to  assist  at  a  treaty  between  the  U.  S.  Gov-  ^""^  ^^^i^'^^- 

■^  er  s  pamphlet, 

ernment  and  the  Chiefs  of  the  Six  Nations,  was  a  guest  of  •' a  Few  stray 
the  White  family  in    their  first    log    house.      Forty  years  p.^^J'^^'   '   "*' 
later  he  recalled  their  hospitality,  and  visited  the  widow  of 
the  honored  pioneer. 

Thomas  Moore  lingered  long  in  our  valley  in  the   early 

°         .  °  •'  •'    "Lines  Writ- 

years  of  the  century.      His  reference    "to  the  mighty  Mo- ten  at  the 
hawk"  recalls  the  time  when  the  volume  of  water  in  the *^°^°^'"^°*'''^- 
river  was  much  greater  than  at  present. 

The  visit  of  the  Magyar  Patriot,  Louis  Kossuth,  in  the 
interest  of  his  country's  freedom,  is  vividly   remembered, 


96  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY, 

(See  II.),  and  the  presence  of  other  public  men  is  recorded 
under  the  appropriate  dates. 

We  are  glad  also  to  recall  that  Clara  Barton  was  once 
a  student  at  Clinton. 

Daniel  Webster,  Washington  Irving,  Joseph  Bona- 
parte, and  Charles  Dickens,  are  to  be  numbered  among 
the  distinguished  visitors  by  whose  presence  our  history  is 
enriched  and  endeared. 


UTICA   FREE   ACADEMY. 


Saiiirflay  (ilube 


XII. 
EDUCATION. 

IN  a  summary  of  the  schools  of  Oneida  County,  the  point 
chiefly  to  be  dwelt  upon  will  be  the  gradual  adoption 
and  development  of  the  Public  School  system.  The  sys- 
tem enjoys  the  sanction  of  the  State  of  New  York,  and 
partial  financial  support  from  the  State  Treasury. 

At  the  first  meeting  of  the  State  Legislature,  after  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  1787,  (George  Clinton  being 
Governor),  an  act  was  passed  incorporating  the  Regents 
of  the  University  in  accordance  with  the  scheme  devised 
by  Alexander  Hamilton,  and  placing  them  in  general 
charge  of  the  colleges  and  academies  of  the  State.  The 
Regents,  in  their  annual  report  for  1793,  called  the  atten- 
tion of  the  Legislature  to  advantages  which  would  accrue 
by  the  establishment,  in  various  parts  of  the  State,  of  schools 
for  the  instruction  of  children  in  the  lower  branches  of 
education. 

At  the  opening  of  the  session  of  1795,  Governor  Clinton 
initiated  the  great  movement  for  a  Common  School  sys- 
tem. A  committee  of  the  Assembly  was  almost  im- 
mediately formed,  and  soon  reported  a  bill  entitled,  "  An 
Act  for  the  Encouragement  of  Schools."  Without  delay 
this  bill  passed  both  Houses,  and  received  the  sanction  of 
the  Governor  on  April  9th,  1795.  It  appropriated  $50,- 
000.  annually  for  five  years,  and  county  boards  and  super- 
visors were  required  to  raise  by  tax  a  sum  equal  to  one- 
half  that  allotted  by  the  State,  to  be  applied  to  teaching 
the  "branches  most  useful  to  a  good  English  educa- 
tion." 
7 


98  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

During  the  five  years  for  which  funds  were  provided, 
about  fourteen  hundred  schools  were  successfully  main- 
tained. Then  followed  a  period  of  twelve  years  of  strug- 
gle in  the  Legislature  by  the  friends  of  Common  School 
education  to  revive,  and  make  permanent  provision  for,  a 
school  fund.  In  1801  the  Legislature  directed  the  rais- 
ing by  lotteries,  known  as  Literature  Lotteries,  of  moneys 
to  be  disbursed  by  the  Regents  for  academies  and  schools, 
and  this  method  was  practiced  until  1821,  when  a  new 
State  Constitution  was  adopted  by  which  all  lotteries  were 
prohibited. 

In  the  meantime  the  lottery  funds  had  been  invested  in 

real  estate,  but  many  schools  remained  closed  for  want  of 

Randall's        support.      Annually  Governor  Clinton  renewed  his  ener- 

Com.sch.sys.  getic  plea  for  their  reorganization  ;  his  successors,  Gover- 

StateofN.  Y.,  _.,„,.  ,,  , 

pp.  5-17.  nors  Lewis  and    lompkins,    were  equally  urgent,  and  at 

last,  in  181 1,  Gov.  Tompkins  was  authorized  to  appoint 
five  commissioners  to  report  a  system  for  the  establish- 
ment of  Common  Schools. 

Gideon  Hawley,  a  young  lawyer  of  Albany,  was  the  first 
New  York  State  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools. 
He  received  his  appointment  from  the  Governor  and  the 
Council,  in  January,  1813.  The  famous  Lancasterian 
system,  recommended  by  Gov.  Tompkins's  committee  and 
strongly  urged  by  DeWitt  Clinton,  was,  after  thorough  in- 
vestigation, ably  enforced  by  the  Superintendent.  Gen- 
eral unity  was  secured,  and  the  efficiency  of  the  system 
was  considered  marvelous.  Its  most  striking  feature  was 
that  of  mutual  instruction  by  the  pupils,  who  were  by 
turns  students  and  monitors  under  the  larger  supervision 
and  instruction  of  the  master. 

In  the  year  18 14,  on  petition  of  a  number  of  citizens, 
the  Regents  of    the  University  granted    a    charter  for  an 

31868, p.  5.        Academy  for  boys   in  Utica.      "The  first  Common  School 


Ibid.,  p.  24. 


EDUCATION.  99 

of  the  city  was  established   in  the    year  1816,  Utica  then 

1      •  11       -n  •  1  r  TT71   •  Ibid.,  1875-6,  p, 

being  a  small  village  m  the  town  ol  Whitestown,  one  yearxs. 
before  it  was  constituted  a  town." 

In  1 817,  the  first  Act  of  the  Legislature  in  relation  to 
the  schools  of  Utica  was  passed.  Section  28  declares  : 
"  All  the  property  of    the   12th  district  of    Whitestown  is 

.         1  .  Sch.  Rep't., 

vested  in  the  Trustees  of  the  village  of  Utica  for  said  free  ises,  p.  5. 
schools."  By  Section  29,  the  village  was  authorized  "to 
raise  not  exceeding  $100.  per  year  for  the  support  of  such 
poor  children  as  were  entitled  to  a  gratuitous  education." 
In  181 8,  the  first  Academy  building  was  finished  and 
served  as  Academy,  Town  House  and  Court  House,  In 
1828,  its  pupils  numbered  one  hundred  and  fifty.  The 
Directory  of  this  year  says  that  the  public  appropriation  of  six 
hundred  dollars  a  year  for  the  Common  School  is  not  Pioneers,  p. 
enough  to  make  it  free.      That   of    1829  states  that  erratu- ^^'    , 

-^  o  Directory, 

itous  instruction  is  furnished  to  as  many  students  as  possi-  '828. 
ble  ;  others  pay  from   fifty  cents  to  one  dollar  and  a  quar- 
ter per  quarter.      More  than  two  hundred  are  in  attendance, 
and  many  rejected   for  want  of    room.     Tuition  fees  were 
paid  until  1853.     After  this   date   the   Academy  was   free,  Address,  j.  w. 
and  open  to  girls  as  well   as   boys.      "Female   pupils  had  ^''^^^"^^* 

Opening  New 

from  time  to  time  been  taught  in  the   Academy,  as  well  in  Academy, 
the  languages  as  in  other   branches   of   instruction."     The  Jgg' p^g^^^'*"" 
matter    of    free    schools   for   all   was    so  urgently  pushed 
by  E.  A.  Wetmore,  one  of  the  first  six  commissioners,  that 
he  has  been  called  "  mainly  the  author  "  of  the  free  schools 
of  Utica. 

In  the  meantime,  however,  in  1837,  the  need  of  a  char- 
tered day  and  boarding-academy  for  girls  induced  a  second 
petition  to  the  Regents.  This  was  granted.  The  school 
has  flourished  to  this  day  and  is  still  under  the  sreneral  di- 

"  M.  H.,  p.  464. 

rection  of    a  board  of    citizen  trustees.      The    first     Prin- 
cipal was  Miss  Sheldon,  who   afterwards   became  the  wife 


lOO  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

of  Dr.  Nott,  the  father  of  Union  College.  Later,  Miss 
Kelly  and  her  sisters  had  a  long  and  successful  adminis- 
tration. The  school  has  been  thoroughly  adopted  as  a 
highly  creditable  local  institution.  The  formal  title  under 
which  it  was  incorporated,  the  Utica  Female  Academy, 
has  been  modernized,  and  the  school  is  well  and  widely 
known  as  Mrs.  Piatt's  School. 

In  1826,  Gov.  DeWitt  Clinton  and  the  able  chairman  of 
the  literary  committee  of  the  Senate,  John  C.  Spencer, 
concurred  in  strongly  recommending  measures  for  securing 
a  higher  standard  of  qualifications  for  teachers.  Among 
these  were  :  i.  A  seminary  for  the  education  of  teach- 
ers. 2.  Bestowing  state  bounty  to  academies,  not  as  be- 
fore, in  proportion  to  the  number  of  classical  students  in 
each,  but  of  their  graduates  who  shall  have  been  licensed 
as  teachers  of  common  schools.  3.  Seminaries  for  the 
education  of  females  in  the  higher  branches  of  knowledge. 

In  the  year  1827, the  same  Governor  recommended  pro- 
viding for  the  common  schools  "  small  and  suitable  collec- 
tions of  books  and  maps,  and  periodical  examinations  to 
test  the  proficiency  of  the  scholars  and  merits  of  the  teach- 
ers," and  the  Superintendent  of  Schools  declared  that 
"  Instruction  should  be  co-extensive  with  Universal  Suf- 
frage." Gov.  Clinton's  last  message,  written  in  1828,  the 
month  before  his  death,  urges  a  generous  school  policy 
which  should  "double  the  powers  of  our  artisans  by  giving 
them  a  scientific  education."  The  system  of  Joseph  Lan- 
caster was  retained  until  about  1827.  It  was  found  to  be 
unsatisfactory  for  small  rural  schools,  and  not  adapted  to 
the  higher  branches  of  education.  The  better  instruction 
of  teachers  became  the  pivot  of  the  movement  for  improv- 
ing the  school  system. 

In  1835,  Gen.  John  A.  Dix,  Chairman,  and  a  committee 
of  the   Board  of    Regents,  in   a  report  upon  this  subject, 


EDUCATION.  lOI 

advised  the  establishment  of  a  teachers'  department  to  be 
connected  with  the  academy  in  each  of  the  senatorial  dis- 
tricts of  the  State.  Following  this  a  bill  was  brought  be- 
fore the  Assembly  for  the  establishment  of  a  separate 
Department  of  Public  Instruction,  whose  secretary  should 
be  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools,  and  ex-oificio 
Chancellor  of  the  University.  The  same  year  saw  the 
founding  of  the  School  District  Library. 

In  May,  1842,  a  notable  convention  of  County  Superin- 
tendents was  held  in  Utica.  Among  delegates  present 
were  Horace  Mann,  Dr.  Wm.  Gallaudet,  and  Dr.  Alonzo 
Potter.  George  B.  Emerson,  of  Boston,  made  an  earnest 
plea  for  Normal  Schools  for  the  training  of  teachers  ;  Hor- 
ace Mann  supported  him,  while  his  own  addresses  turned 
chiefly  on  the  need  of  making  education  universal.  In 
December,  1844,  the  first  Normal  School,  that  at  Albany, 
was  formally  opened  with  twenty-nine  pupils.  George  R. 
Perkins,  of  Utica,  was.  a  member  of  its  Faculty  as  Professor 
of  Mathematics. 

The  Utica  Directory  of    1837-8    mentions    two   public  J^''"*^'^*^'^^- 
schools  ;  that  of  1839-40,  four  public  schools.  ibid.,  1839-40. 

In  1 844,  what  is  rightly  termed  the  Free  School  campaign 
was  opened.  A  committee  appointed  by  the  Onondaga 
County  Teachers'  Institute  presented  a  report,  the  opening 
words  of  which  were  :  "We  maintain  that  every  human 
being  has  a  right  to  intellectual  and  moral  education  ;  and 
that  it  is  the  duty  of  government  to  provide  the  means  of 
such  education  to  every  child  under  its  jurisdiction." 

[For  entire  text  of  Horace  Mann's  eloquent  plea  for 
Free  Schools,  see  Randall's  Hist.  Com.  Sch.  Sys.  State 
of  N.  Y.,  pp.  219-226.] 

A  few  cities  of  the  State,  among  them  Utica,  had  during 
the  previous  five  years  made  some  of  the  common  schools 
free.      The  result  of  their  experiment  was   so   satisfactory 


I02  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

that  the  Legislature,  in  1846,  recommended  the  adoption 
into  the  Constitution  of   a  State  System    of  Free  Schools. 

At  a  meeting  of  taxpayers  of  Utica,  called  by  Mayor 
Fish  in  November,  1855,  a  committee  of  five  was  appoint- 
ed to  investigate  the  city's  debt,  taxes,  schools,  and  the 
.,pp.2  ^■4- g^^jgqy^^y  Qf  ^Yie  existing  charter.  "  The  city  was  then  in 
one  great  school  district,  and  therefore  drew  no  more  of 
the  State  fund  than  would  a  district  of  thirty  scholars." 

The  committee  reported  January  16,  1856,  and  in  ac- 
cordance with  its  recommendations,  at  an  adjourned  meet- 
ing, (January  2),  it  was  voted  to  divide  the  city  into  school 
districts  of  100  scholars  each,  and  this  change  was  soon 
embodied  in  a  charter  amendment. 

In  1856,  Andrew  McMillan  became  Principal  of  the 
Advanced  School,  (b.  Augusta,  1820,  d.  1893.)  He 
continued  to  serve  the  schools  of  the  city  thirty-six  years: 
as  Principal,  1856-67;  as  Superintendent  of  Schools, 
1867-92. 

In  1858,  George  C.  Sawyer  became  Principal  of  the 
Academy,  (b.  1735  ;  Harvard  '55.)  His  service  lasted 
thirty-eight  years,  (1858-96.) 

In  May,  1865,  the  Free  Academy  was  destroyed  by  in- 
cendiary fire.  A  new  building  was  dedicated  January  31, 
1868.  At  this  time  the  number  of  pupils  was  143,  and 
seven  teachers  were  employed. 

In  the  next  quarter  of  a  century,  this  building  in  turn 
became  inadequate  to  the  needs  of  the  city,  and  on  Sep- 
tember II,  1899,  the  commodious  new  Academy  on  Kem- 
ble  Street  was  opened  for  use.  It  is  believed  that  in  many 
respects  this  is  superior  to  any  other  High  School  building 
in  the  State. 

There  are  now,  including  the  Academy,  twenty-five  free 
public  schools  in  Utica,  employing  upwards  of  225  teach- 
ers.     The  average  daily  attendance  is  nearly  7,000.      This 


EDUCATION.  103 

includes  twelve  kindergartens,  of  which  nine  form  depart- 
ments of  ward  schools,  one  evening  school,  and  a  school 
of  pedagogy  for  graduates.  A  training  school  for  kinder- 
gartners,  established  several  years  since,  has  this  year, 
1899,  been  made  part  of  the  public  school  system.  This 
and  the  school  of  pedagogy  are  under  the  Department  of 
Public  Instruction,  and  bestow  diplomas  which  are  recog- 
nized by  the  State  as  certificates  of  fitness. 

Since  September,  1896,  manual  training  and  domestic 
science  have  been  made  part  of  the  school  course,  obliga- 
tory in  the  middle  grades,  and  optional  in  the  Academy. 

In  the  office  of  the  Superintendent  is  a  library  consist- 
ing of  about  one  thousand  volumes  of  the  best  professional 
books,  with  all  the  current  educational  magazines.  These 
are  for  the  use  of  the  teachers  and  the  training  class  of 
the  city,  and  may  be  drawn  by  them  for  home  reading 
under  the  same  regulations  as  those  that  govern  the  Utica 
Public  Library. 

As  an  incentive  to  pride  in  our  local  history,  and  the 
development  of  patriotism,  the  Oneida  Chapter.  Daughters 
of  the  American  Revolution,  has  instituted  money  prizes 
for  approved  essays  upon  historical  subjects.  These  prizes 
have  been  offered  and  awarded  to  pupils  of  the  Utica  Free 
Academy,  the  Advanced  School,  and  advanced  grades  of 
the  ward  schools. 

The  Oneida  Historical  Society  has  offered  similar  prizes  sch.  Rept. 
to  the  pupils  of  the  Free  Academy.  ^  9 ,  p-  24- 

It  is  hoped  that  prizes  consisting  of  books  on  animals 
will  soon  be  offered  in  all  grades  of  our  schools  for  the  best 
essays  on  the  prevention  of  cruelty  to  animals. 

Prizes  upon  educational  subjects  are  also  offered  to 
teachers,  the  funds  coming  from  a  private  citizen. 

From  the  earliest  settlement  of  Old  Fort  Schuyler  to  the 


M.  H..r. 


39.9*- 


104  OCTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

present  time,  the  list  of  our  private  schools  has  been  a  long 
one.  Among  noteworthy  schools  was  one  established  in 
1827  by  Charles  Bartlett.  Its  course  of  studv  embraced 
exercises  for  ph3sical  culture,  as  swimming,  riding,  gar- 
dening, and  g\-mnastics.  The  principle  of  object-teaching, 
that  which  we  modems  call  the  "  Laboratory- Method," 
was  emplo\'ed.  The  teacher  of  science.  Mr.  Fa}^  Edger- 
ton.  took  his  classes  on  excursions  for  geological  and 
botanical  research,  for  trilobite  and  flower.  Among  his 
pupils  were  James  S.  Dana.  S.  Wells  Williams,  and  Albert 
Barnes. 

The  earliest  recorded  school  was  gathered  about  1789, 
Sfji,  Rep>..  when  the  future  Utica  was  Old  Fort  Schuyler.  It  was 
^^^^  kept  by  one  Joseph  Dana.  The  plain,  severeh'  rough 
schoolhouse  was  used  on  Sundays,  until  the  year  1S06.  as 
a  place  of  worship  and  for  occasional  town  meetings. 

Day-schools  for  little  children,  including  one  entitled 
"The  Pattern  Infant  School,''  Seminaries  for  young  ladies. 
Gymnasiums,  and  Lyceums  for  boj's,  etc. ,  are  chronicled 
in  surprising  numbers.  Mrs.  Whittlesee,  of  missionary 
fame,  established  in  1805.  or  thereabouts,  a  giris'  school 
of  the  first  rank. 

Nature-teaching  was  specifically  inculcated  when,  in 
1826.  the  Utica  L\-ceum  was  incorporated  with  the  stated 
purpose  of  promoting  the  stud}-  of  Natural  Histor}'  and 
other  useful  sciences. 

The  foregoing  were  private  schools.  In  the  first  Directorj- 
issued after Uticas  incorporation  as  a  citj-,  namelj',  in  1832, 
we  find  the  names  of  fift}--six  teachers.  A  detailed  enu- 
meration of  many  of  the  earl\-  schools  will  be  found  in  the 
Volume  of  School  Reports,  1877-79,  and  in  Dr.  Bagg's 
Memorial  Histor}'. 

In  the  Utica  Director)-  for  1849-50,  Whitestown  Semi- 
nary advertises  two  departments,  each  with   its  Faculty, 


EDUCATION.  105 

the  first  a  Biblical  School,  with  chairs  of  Criticism  and  In- 
terpretation, Christian  Theology,  Greek,  Hebrew,  etc.  ; 
the  second,  Academic.  This  Seminary  and  the  Academies 
at  Clinton  furnished  an  inexhaustible  supply  of  good  teach- 
ers, as  well  as  a  powerful  influence  in  favor  of  local  literary 
activity. 

In  1788,  when  George  Clinton  was  Governor,  the  State 
of  New  York  united  with  the  Oneida  Indians  in  making  a 
grant  of  valuable  land  in  Oneida  County  to  the  Rev.  Sam- 
uel Kirkland,  in  recognition  of  his  faithful  services.     Upon  ^^.''f°^,^  ,  ^ 

'  o  ^         Hist  1  Sketch 

this  tract  Hamilton  Oneida  Academy  was  built.  It  was  Ham.  cou., 
chartered  by  the  Regents  in  1793,  and  received  the  name 
of  Alexander  Hamilton,  then  Secretary  of  the  United  States 
Treasury,  who  was  one  of  the  trustees  named  in  the  peti- 
tion of  incorporation.  The  Academy  was  designed  to  ed- ibid.pp.  i«, » 
ucate  Indians  and  whites  together.  Baron  Steuben  laid 
its  corner  stone  ;  the  Indian  Chief,  Skenandoa,  was  one 
of  the  honored  guests  and  assistants.  The  school  was 
opened  in  1797.      In  18 12,  with  increased  endowment,  en- 

^  Ibid.,  p.  25. 

larged  buildings,  and  a  new  charter,  it  became  Hamilton 
College. 


T 


XIII. 
LIBRARY;  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  ;  ETC. 

UTICA  PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 

HE  plan  of  the  Public  Library  as  it  now  exists  was  the 

product     of    the      brain     of      Benjamin     Franklin, 

(1706-90). 

In  1732,  ten  years  after  Franklin  had  organized  the  first 

Library  Association,    and    chiefly  through    his  efforts,  the 

Public  Library  of  Philadelphia  was  founded. 

In  1833,  General  John  A.  Dix,  then  Secretary  of  State 
of  New  York,  and  ex-officio  Superintendent  of  Common 
Schools,  recommended  the  establishment  of  School  Dis- 
N  Y  Even's  *^^^^  Libraries.  This  step,  thus  inaugurated  in  New  York 
Post,  Aug.  20,  State,  met  with  considerable  success,  but  its  limitation  to 
the  school  district  prevented  the  largest  usefulness.  It 
had,  however,  served  to  call  the  attention  of  educators  to 
the  need  of  providing  free  reading  for  the  whole  com- 
munity. 

In  1835,  an  Act  of  Legislature  was  passed  authorizing 
school  districts  to  raise  by  taxation  a  fund  of  not  more 
than  twenty  dollars  for  the  first,  and  ten  dollars  for  each 
Com.  schs.,  succeeding,  year,  for  the  purchase  of  books  for  such  libraries, 
pp.  81,84, 65.  Later,  one-fifth  of  the  State  school  fund  was  appropriated 
to  the  libraries,  and  the  remaining  four-fifths  to  the  pay- 
ment of  duly  qualified  teachers. 

A  public  library  had  been  incorporated  in  Utica  in  1825. 

It    was  owned    by  stockholders,    and    besides  about    one 

thousand  standard  books,  included    the  best   English  and 

M.  H.,  p.  473.    American    periodicals.      It  was   open  to  the  public  at  first 

once  a  week.      Nothing  is  known  of  this  library  after  1837, 


LIBRARY  ;    HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  ;    ETC.  TO/ 

but    it  was  probably    merged  in    the  School    District  Li- 
brary. 

In  1862,  a  new  arrangement  was   effected  by  which  the 
library  was  open  for  the  accommodation  of  all  every  even- 
ing,   except   Saturday   and    Sunday,    from   seven   to  nine 
o'clock.     On  Saturday  morning    from  ten  to  twelve,    girls  u.  Herald, 
under  fifteen  were   waited  on,  and   ladies  on  Saturday  af- ^^^•^' '^^^' 
ternoons  from  two  to  five.      The  library  was  located    over 
the    Central  New  York    Bank    on   Franklin    Square.      In  m.  h.,  pp.  473, 
1856,  it  was  moved  to  the  new  City  Hall.  '•'"■• 

In  June,  1877,  the  School  Commissioners  resolved  to 
erect  a  new  building,  agreeably  to  an  Act  authorizing  one 
to  cost  not  more  than  $20,000.,  the  sum  to  be  raised  on 
City  bonds,  of  which  $5,000.  should  be  redeemed  annually  ibid.,  p.  34g. 
for  four  years.  A  lot  had  been  purchased  on  Elizabeth 
Street,  and  the  present  building  was  completed  in  1878. 

The  library  thus  provided  was  a  School  District  Library, 
and  continued  as  such  under  the  control  and  management 
of  the  Commissioners  of  Common  Schools  until  1893, 
when,  under  the  University  Law,  (Laws  of  1893,  Chap. 
378),  a  charter  was  granted  by  the  Regents  of  the  Univer- 
sity to  a  new  corporation  known  as  the  "  Utica  Public  Li- 
brary." The  property  of  the  district  library  was  turned 
over  to  this  new  corporation,  which  has  ever  since  had 
exclusive  charge  of  public  library  matters  in  the  city. 

The  main  support  of  the  library  is  from  appropriation 
of  public  money  included  in  the  annual  city  tax  levy. 

Through  the  public    spirit  of    some  of    our  citizens,  we  ^ 
now  look  forward  to  the    larger  building  and    better  con- 
veniences which  the  intelligence  and  growth  of    Utica  de- Apr.  22,  May 
mand,  and  which  will  provide  external   conditions  corres-  ^^'  '^^^" 
ponding    with  the  exceptionally  high  skill  and  intelligence 
with  which  the  Library  is  conducted. 


I08  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

ONEIDA  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

The  Oneida  Historical  Society  was  formed  in  December, 
1876,  for  the  collection  and  preservation  of  relics,  memen- 
tos and  traditions  of  the  past.  At  the  first  meeting  Ho- 
ratio Seymour  was  chosen  president.  He  held  office  for 
ten  years.  The  Society  was  but  six  months  old  when  it 
was  asked  to  take  suitable  action  to  commemorate  the  ap- 
Trans  o  'h  proaching  centennial  anniversary  of  the  Battle  of  Oriskany, 
s.,  1881-4.  August  5,  1877.  This  was  done  by  a  worthy  and  most 
impressive  ceremony.  A  granite  shaft  now  marks  the  bat- 
tlefield.     This  was  dedicated  August  6,   1884. 

In  1 88 1,  relatives  of  Baron  Steuben,  "guests  of  the 
nation,"  who  had  crossed  the  ocean  by  invitation  to  be 
present  at  the  centennial  celebration  of  the  Surrender  of 
Yorktown,  (1781),  came  to  visit  the  grave  of  the  Baron  in 
Remsen,  Oneida  County.  A  committee  appointed  by  the 
Historical  Society  received  and  entertained  them. 

It  is  fitting  here  to  speak  of  the  grave  of  Steuben.  This 
was  first  made  according  to  his  wish  in  a  secluded  spot  on 
his  own  grounds  in  the  township  of  Steuben.  "When  the 
opening   of  a  new   road  made  a  removal  necessary.  Col. 

Jones'sAnna's,  .  i        i  • 

pp.  439-4q,  445,   Benjamm  Walkcr    made  the   re-mterment   and  placed  an 

■***■  iron  railing  around  the   grave.      He  also  leased  fifty  acres 

of  land  to  the  First  Baptist  Society  of  Steuben  on  condi- 
tion that  five  acres,   including  the  grave,  should  be    pro- 

E.  and  F.,  p.    tected  and  kept  in  a  state  of  nature. 

^^^'  In  the  Coluvibiari  Gazette  of  May  3.   1825,  preserved  in 

the  Historical  Society  Library,  is  a  notice  of  a  meeting 
"  attended  by  a  very  respectable  number,"  to  consider  the 
propriety  of  erecting  a  monument  over  the  remains  of 
Baron  Steuben.  It  was  held  at  "  Shepard's  Tavern," 
(Bagg's  Hotel,  kept  for  the  time  by  Abraham  Shepard),and 
William  Clarke,  Esq.,  President  of  the  Village,  was  called 
to  the  chair.      Resolutions  were  passed,  one  of  which  read  : 


MUNSON-WlLLIAMS  MEMORIAL. 


Oneida  Historical  Society. 


LIBRARY  ;    HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  ;    ETC.  lOQ 

"  Resolved,  That  subscription  papers  be  circulated,  and 
that  no  one  pay  more  than  two  dollars."  A  committee 
was  appointed  which  agreed  to  accept  no  subscription  un- 
less accompanied  by  the  money. 

This  doubtless  indicates   the  part  which   Utica  took    in  jongg-g^nnais 
raising  funds  for  the  monument  to   Steuben    "erected   byP'W^- 
subscription  when  LaFayette  visited  this  country."    Judge 
Jones  says,    ' '  The  tablet   is  about  seven  feet  by  four,  and 
nearly  a    foot  in  thickness,  of  the  purest  limestone,"  and  j^,j^p^^^ 
he  appeals  to  the  honor  of  the  town  and  the  county  to  give  it 
the  needed    repairs.      This   stone  was  inscribed,    "Major- 
General  Frederick  William  Augustus,  Baron  de  Steuben." 

Some  years  before  the  Civil  War,  the  State  Legislature 
appropriated  a  sum  of  public  money  for  the  erection  of  a 
monument,  and  this  was  afterward  turned  over  to  an  asso- 
ciation which  completed  the  work,  large  credit  being  due 

^  '  b  b  E.and  F.,p.637. 

to  Governor  Seymour.  The  corner  stone  of  the  new 
monument  was  laid  June  i,  1870,  and  Governor  Seymour 
delivered  an  address.  The  only  inscription  is  the  word 
"  Steuben." 

Recently  other  appeals  have  been  made  for  better  care 
of  the  burial  ground,  and  efforts  made  to  obtain  an  appro- j^j^^^g^^g' 
priation  from  the  Legislature  for  the  purpose. 

March  2,  1882,  the  Historical  Society  celebrated  the  "Semi-cent'i 
Semi-Centennial  of  the  City,  by  appropriate  exercises  in  (Trans  o.  h. 
the  City  Opera  House.  ^•' 

On  July  4,  1883,  the  Society  determined  and  dedicated  ^rans.  o.  h. 
the  site  of  Old  Fort  Schuyler,  at  the  junction  of  Main  and  ^^ '^^'■•♦• 
Third  streets. 

The  State  gave  three  mounted  Parrott  guns,  which  have 
been  placed  on  their  carriages  at  the  corners  of  the  trian-  , 

gular  plot.  A  large  square  base  stone  in  the  centre  indi- 
cates the  monument  to  come. 


no  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

The  Society  also  took  the   initial   steps  for   the  Centen- 
Trans.  o  H.    j-^jg^]  Celebration  of  the  settlement  of  Whitestown,    which 

S.,  1881-4. 

occurred    June    5,    1884;   and  for  a   similar  celebration  in 

Ibid.,  1887-9.      New  Hartford,  June  27,  1888. 

In  1895,  the  Society  left  the  crowded  quarters  in  the 
City  Library  and  took  possession  of  its  new  home  in  the 
Munson-Williams  Memorial  Building,  near'  Chancellor 
Square. 

Here  it  has  received  the  Battle  Flags  of  the  Oneida 
Daily  Papers.  Couuty  Regiments  as  already  mentioned,  (see  IV.),  and  on 
March  15,  1898.  celebrated  the  hundredth  anniversary  of 
the  erection  of  Oneida  County. 

UTICA    STATE    HOSPITAL. 

More  than  a  half-century  ago,  in  1843,  the  State  Lunatic 
Asylum  was  founded.  Before  the  building  was  fully  fin- 
ished, the  necessity  of  enlarging  it  was  reported  to  the 
Legislature.  The  Managers  in  their  first  report  call  it  the 
"  noblest  of  public  charities."  At  the  date  of  the  report 
there  were  two  hundred  and  ten  patients.  There  are 
now  more  than  eleven  hundred. 

July  14,  1857,  the  main  building  was  burned,  entailing 
a  loss  of  $200,000. 

The  cottage  plan  is  now  under  trial  to  a  small  extent. 
By  this  arrangement  a  colony  of  about  thirty  convales- 
cent male  patients  are  freed  from  some  of  the  irksome 
features  of  a  large  institution. 

The  present  name  of  the  institution  is  the  Utica  State 
Hospital. 

MASONIC    HOME. 

The  Masonic  Home  for  destitute  Masons,  and  widows 
and  orphan  children  of   Masons,  was  dedicated  October  5, 


,  -«--»«»4 


i 


Saturday  Globe 


"  OLD  Saratoga." 


library;  historical  society  ;  etc.  hi 

i8q2.       On    April!  I,     1899,  i  it    sheltered    one    hundred 

^  ^  ^  -^-^  Rep't  Trustees 

ninety-six'-adults  and  forty-eight  children.      Its  one  hun-  Masonic  Haii 
dred  and  seventy  acres  comprise  woods  and   farm,  flower  p^j^^^^^^J^™ 
gardens  and  lawns,  overlooking  the  valley  of  the  Mohawk,  p-  37. 
They  lie  upon    the  border  line   that   divides   Oneida  from 
Herkimer^  County. 

CHURCHES,   hospitals,   AND    HOMES. 

The  Churches  of  Utica  number  fifty,  including  two  Syn- 
agogues. 

There  are  seventeen  Hospitals  and  Homes.  The  Utica 
Orphan  Asylum, -incorporated  April  19,  1830,  is  said  to  be 
the  first  established  in  the  State  outside  of  New  York  City. 

"OLD  SARATOGA." 

One  Revolutionary  relic  deserves  mention, — the  old 
cannon,  popularly  believed  to  be  one  of  the  guns  surren- 
dered'by  Burgoyne  at  Saratoga.  In  earlier  times  this  often 
did  duty  when  a  public  demonstration  was  demanded,  and 
again' it  has  lain  neglected  in  back  alleys  and  rubbish  heaps. 
At  different  times  it  has  stood  in  the  yard  of  the  City  Hall,  Dec.  12,  i8q6. 
the  Public  Library,  and  the  State  Hospital.  At  last,  in  nkr.  I'^tsos. 
December,  1 896,  through  the  public  spirit  of  a  few,  it  was 
placed  at  the^entrance  of  the  State  Armory,  where  it  now 
stands,  a  silent  and  dignified  reminder  of  the  early  history 
of  our  nation. 


state  Consti- 


XIV. 
THE  GOVERNMENT  OF  UTICA. 

UTICA    is  one   of  the  shire   towns  of  Oneida  County, 
shire  being  the  old  Enghsh  name  for  the  division  of 
land  generally  known  as  a  county.      A  shire   town  is 
one  in  which  the  county  business  is  transacted. 

Utica    constitutes    the    First    Assembly  District   of  the 
county,  and  is  in  the  Thirty-fourth  State  Senatorial  District, 
Oneida  County  forming  the  district.      It  is  in  the  Twenty- 
tution,  Art.     fifth  Congressional  District,  which  includes  the  counties  of 

XII..  Sec  2 

Oneida  and  Herkimer,  and  the  Fifth  Judicial  District,  com- 
prising Oneida,  Onondaga,  Herkimer,  Oswego,  Lewis  and 
Jefferson  Counties.  According  to  the  last  census  it  rates 
as'a  third  class  city.  The  population  of  a  city  determines 
its  rating  as  first,  second,  or  third  class. 

The  government  of  the  city  is  based  upon  a  charter  grant- 
ed by  the  State  Legislature.      The  charter  has  often  been 
changed  as  the  growth  of  the  city  demanded.      The  charter 
st^tulfonai""'  of  an  American  city  is   defined  by  Seth  Low  as   the  legal 
Limitations,!    instrument  which  gives  the  community  authority  to  act  as 

p.  »83. 

a  corporation,  and  defines  the  duties  of  its  officers.  The 
State  is  the  authority  behind  the  charter.  The  Legislature 
haS'power  to  compel  municipal  bodies  to  perform  their 
functions  as  local  governments. 

Besides  this  authority  of  the  State,  which  touches  the 
city  government  at  every  point  through  the  charter  and 
State  laws,  the  city  feels  also  the  contact  of  the  National 
government  through  the  postoffice,  the  United  States 
courts  and  mar-shal,  the  collection  of  internal  revenue, 
and  through  certain  general  election  laws. 


THE  GOVERNMENT  OF  UTICA.  I  13 

FIRST    VILLAGE    CHARTER. 

Chapter  79  of  the  Laws  of  New  York  for  1798  is  enti- 
tled, "An  Act  to  Vest  certain  Powers  in  the  Freeholders 
and  Inhabitants  of  the  Village  commonly  known  as  Old 
Fort  Schuyler." 

A  freeholder  is  a  person  possessed  of  real  estate,  houses 
and  lands. 

This  Act,  passed  on  April  3  of  that  year,  was  the  first 
charter  of  our  village.  It  defines  the  boundaries  of  the 
village  and  gives  it  the  name  of  Utica,  provides  that  free- 
holders and  inhabitants  qualified  to  vote  shall  elect  at 
their  annual  town  meeting  five  of  their  number  as  trustees, 
"empowered  to  make,  ordain,  constitute  and  establish 
such  prudential  rules,  orders  and  regulations  as  a  majority 
of  said  freeholders  and  inhabitants  shall  judge  necessary 
and  convenient  for  the  improving  of  their  common  lands, 
keeping  streets  in  repair."  etc.,  and  further,  that  "it  shall 
be  lawful  for  said  owners  of  houses  and  lands  at  their  an- 
nual meeting  to  determine  what  sum  shall  be  raised  for 
such  purposes,  provided  always  that  such  sum  shall  not 
exceed  in  any  one  year  the  sum  of  three  hundred  dollars." 
This  was  government  by  town-meeting. 

SECOND  CHARTER. 

A  second  charter  was  granted    in   1805  in  response  to  a 
petition  of    freeholders  and    inhabitants  asking    for  more 
power  in  the  management  of  village   affairs.      It  extended 
the  boundaries  of    the  village,  declared  the    freeholders  aL^wsofNY 
body  corporate,  and  gave  them  power  to  raise  among  them-  ^805,  ch.  92, 
selves    a    sum  not    exceeding    $1,000.    annually  for    ex-m. 
penses  of  the  corporation.      Town  meeting    was    held  the 
first  Tuesday  in  May,  at  which  time  five  trustees  and  other 
town  officers  were  elected.      One  of  the  duties  of  the  trus- 
tees was  to  "enact,  regulate  and  publish  on  the  first  Mon- 


114  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

day  of  every  month  an  assize  of  bread."     The  trustees  at 

Jones'sAnnals,    ,      .      ^  .  ,  ,  ^    r        ,^  -n  t^^ 

p.  560.  their  first  meeting  adopted  a  seal  for  the   village.      It  was 

Pioneers. p.207  heart-shaped,  with  the  letter  F  in  the  center. 

THIRD    CHARTER. 

Twelve  years  later,  in  1817,  a  third   charter  was   grant- 
ed.    The  village  was  again  enlarged,  separated  from  the 
town  of    Whitestown,    and  made    a    town  by  itself,    and 
divided  into  three  wards.      The   freeholders    now  elected 
^„  „  six  trustees,  a  supervisor,  three  assessors,  a  collector,    and 

Laws  of  N.  v.,  »  r  '  ' 

1817,  ch.  192,  two  constables.  The  trustees  appointed  a  clerk,  treasurer, 
one  or  more  overseers  of  the  poor,  one  or  more  pound- 
masters,  fence-viewers,  common  criers,  porters,  carriers, 
carters,  truckmen,  scavengers,  measurers,  surveyors,  and 
gaugers.      This  charter  provided  that   a  president   of  the 

Ibid.,  Sec.  IV.  village  should  be  appointed  annually  by  governor  and 
council.  The  council  of  appointment  was  a  body  of  four 
senators  chosen  by  the  assembly  to  act  with  the  governor 
in  making  appointments.      The  president  could  also  be  re- 

jj  jj  ^  moved  by  State  authority.  In  January,  1824,  the  board 
of  trustees  learned  "with  deep  regret  that  Ezra  S.  Cozier, 
president  of  the  village,  had  been  superseded  in  office  by 
act  of  the  governor  and  senate  of  the  state." 

Elections  were  held  by  wards.  The  trustees  were  given 
power  to  raise  by  tax  a  sum  not  exceeding  $1,500.  for  an- 
nual expenses  of  the  corporation.  The  matters  which 
had  come  before  the  electors  at  town  meetings  were  now 
delegated  to  officers  chosen  for  that  purpose  Government 
ceased  to  be  by  town-meeting  and  became  representative. 

Laws  of  N.  Y..  The  following  oath,  taken  by  voters  if  required,  shows  what 

seTv?  '''''  '^^^^  the  qualifications  for  voting:  "  I  do  solemnly  swear 
I  am  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  of  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  years,  have  resided  in  this  village  six  months,  and  that 
I   am  possessed  of  a  freehold  in  said   village,  or  :   I  have 


THE  GOVERNMENT  OF  UTICA.  1 1  5 

rented  a  tenement  of  the  yearly  value  of  five  dollars  for 
one  year." 

In  1830  an  amendment  to  the  charter  was  enacted  pro- Laws  of  n.y., 
vidmg  for  the  election  of  the  president  of  the  corporation.  se°'i   '  ^' 

CITY    CHARTER. 

Utica  received  its  charter  of  incorporation  as  a  city  by 
act  of  Legislature,  Feb.   13,   1832.     The   city  was  divided 
into  four  wards.      The  city  officers  were  a  mayor,  four  jus- 
tices   of  the    peace,    a  supervisor,    and  three    constables. 
Each  ward  elected  three  aldermen,  one  assessor,  and  three 
inspectors  of  election.      The  aldermen  formed  the  common 
council    and    appointed  the    mayor,    clerk,   city  attorney, 
treasurer,  etc.      The  first  mayor  was  Joseph  P,  Kirkland.  *^' ^■'''■'°°' 
(See     III.)     The   common    council    was  given  power    to  Laws  of  n.  v.. 
raise  by  tax  a  sum  not  exceeding  $8,000.  annually  for  the '^'*°' ^^- ^'• 
expenses  of  the  city.      In    1840  the  charter  was  amended 
to  provide  for  the  election  of  the  mayor.      John   C.    Dev- 
ereux  was  the  first  mayor  elected  by  the  people.     He  had^i.  H.,pp.  236, 
been    mayor    by  appointment  of  the  common  council  the  ='*°- 
previous  year,  1839. 

Under  a  State  law  municipal  elections   are  now  held  in 
November  on  the  same  day  as    State  and  other  elections.  Laws  of  n.y.. 
The  officers  then  chosen  enter  upon  office  on  the  first  of '^"3' ch.  13. 
January  following. 

FUNCTIONS  OF  CITY  GOVERNMENT. 

These  are  described  by  Wilcox  as    primarily  the   main- 
tenance of  public  safety,  the  protection  of  public  health,  and 
the  administration  of  justice  ;  and  secondarily  the  raising  of 
money  for  the  maintenance  of  government.      The  practical  ^u^^^of  cit 
accomplishment  of   these  objects  is    entrusted  to   officers  Gov't,  ch.  11., 
chosen  for  that  purpose.      The    governing  force    provided  ^^' '''*' ^^' "' 
by  our  charter    comprises    the  common  council,  the  chief 
executive,  certain  administrative  officers  and  boards,  and 
the  city  judiciary. 


Il6  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

THE  COMMON  COUNCIL. 
THE  LEGISLATIVE  BRANCH  OF  THE  GOVERNMENT. 

(Mayor  and  Aldermen). 

Each  ward  of  the  city  is  represented  by  one  alderman- 
The  aldermen  are  elected  for  two  years,  the  odd  numbered 
wards  electing  one  year,  the  even  numbered  wards  the  fol- 
lowing year.  These  aldermen  and  the  mayor  constitute 
the  body  known  as  the  common  council.  This  body  is 
the  representative  of  the  city,  its  legal  guardian  and  trus- 
tee. It  appoints  a  president  from  its  members,  and  deter- 
mines its  own  rules  of  action.  It  works  through  various 
committees  which  it  appoints,  as  claims  and  audits,  finance, 
public  improvement,  etc. 

The  common  council  has  control  of  the  city's  finances, 
and  is  responsible  for  the  general  good  order  and  for  im- 
provements. 

THE  CHIEF  EXECUTIVE. 

(The  Mayor.) 

At  the  head  of  the  government  is  the  mayor,  who  is 
elected  for  two  years.  In  his  annual  message  to  the  com- 
mon council  the  mayor  makes  a  statement  of  the  finances 
of  the  city  and  its  general  condition  and  needs,  with  such 
recommendations  as  seem  to  him  proper.  The  ordinances 
and  resolutions  of  the  common  council  are  subject  to  his 
veto,  but  that  body  may  within  twenty  days  after  such 
veto  override  it  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  all  its  members. 
The  mayor  has  a  vote  in  the  common  council  only  in  case 
of  a  tie  vote  in  the  election  or  appointment  of  officers  or 
committees.  All  deeds  and  contracts  made  by  the  city 
are  signed  by  the  mayor  and  city  clerk. 

The  mayor  appoints  the  following  officials  :  The  city 
surveyor,  who  has  charge  of  public  works  and  improve- 
ments ;  the  board  of  police  and  fire  commissioners,  whic}^ 


THE  GOVERNMENT  OF  UTICA.  11/ 

attends  to  the  protection  of  the  city;  the  town  auditors; 
and  nominates  the  board  of  health,  which  controls  the  san- 
itation of  the  city.  Being  thus  the  head  of  those  depart- 
ments of  work  which  most  closely  touch  the  lives  of  the 
citizens,  he  is  in  large  measure  directly  responsible  for  the 
welfare  of  the  city.  This  concentration  of  power  is  the 
advantage  of  giving  the  mayor  the  appointment  of  minor 
officers. 

ADMINISTRATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 

City  Clerk,  appointed  by  the  common  council  for  three 
years. 

Treasurer,  elected  for  a  term  of   two  years.      The  treas-Lawsof  n.  v., 
urer  may  appoint  an  assistant  treasurer.  '^'^'  ^^'  "^' 

CORPORATION    COUNSEL. 

A  lawyer  appointed  by  the  common  council  who  holds 
office  at  its  pleasure. 

CITY  SURVEYOR. 

Appointed  annually  by  the  mayor  ;  makes  plans,  specifi- 
cations, and  estimates  for  proposed  improvements,  and 
superintends  improvements  ordered  by  the  common  coun- 
cil. 

BOARDS. 

A  Board  of  Assessors,  which  consists  of  three  members 
who  must  be  electors  and  freeholders  in  the  City.  The 
term  of  office  is  three  years,  one  assessor  being  elected  an-  jg^^^h  s  ' 
nually.  They  determine  and  assess  value  of  all  property, 
real  and  personal,  in  the  city,  and  make  assessments  for  lo- 
cal improvements. 

A  Board  of  HealtJi,  appointed    by  the   common  council 

'       ^^  ^  LawsofN.  Y. 

on  nomination  of   the  mayor,  under  a  law   of    the  State,  isss,  ch.  270. 
There   are    six  members,  two    being  appointed  annually  ;  ^,jj'g"'^'g^^'^ 
term  of  office,  three  years.      The  mayor  is  ex-officio  a  mem- 


I  l8  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

ber  of  the  board  and  its  president.  This  board  appoints 
a  health  officer,  and  milk  and  meat  inspectors.  It  also 
acts  as  registrar  of  vital  statistics. 

A  Board  of  Charities,  which  is  composed  of  six  com- 
missioners, one  being  elected  each  year  and  a  second  one 
appointed  by  the  board  of  town  auditors,  the  candidate 
receiving  the  second  highest  number  of  votes  being  the  ap- 
pointee. This  results  in  a  bi-partisan  commission.  This 
commission  fills  the  office  of  overseer  of  the  poor.  It  has 
charge  of  the  city  hospital,  appointing  its  physician  and 
keeper. 

A  Board  of   Town  Auditors,    appointed    by  the  Mayor, 

comprising  four  members,  one  being  appointed  each  year, 

and  the  four  selected  in  equal   numbers  from  each  of  the 

Charter  Sees  ^^°  leading  political   parties.      Term  of   office,  four  years. 

125,  126,  136,     It  audits  all  claims  against  the  town  of  Utica,  such  as  the 

payment  of   election  officers   and  poor  expenses.      For  all 

purposes  except  those  provided  for  in  the  charter,  the  city 

of  Utica  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  towns  of  Oneida  County. 

A    Board    of    Police   and  Fire    Commissioners.      This 

board,  four  in  number,  is  appointed    by  the  mayor.      Two 

members  are  appointed  from  each  of  the  two  principal  po- 

charter,  Ap.    Jitical  parties  of  the  State,  one  member  annually.      It  has 

LawBof  N.  v.,  the  oversight  of  the  police  and  fire  departments  ;    as,  the 

I  74.     •  3M.     organizing  of  fire  companies,  appointing  a  chief  engineer, 

chief  of  police,  and  policemen. 
Laws  of  N.  v.,      k.  Police  Matron  IS  appointed  by  the    Mayor,  pursuant 
,888,  ch.  420.    ^Q  State  law.      She  holds  office  until  removed. 

The  Commissioners  of  Common  Schools,  or  Board  of 
Rdiication,  consists  of  six  members,  two  being  elected  an- 
nually. Term  of  office,  three  years.  This  board  has  the 
power  to  establish  common  schools  as  the  need  arises,  and 
has  the  supervision  and  control  of  the  schools  and  school 
property.      It  determines,  subject  to  statutory  limitation. 


THE  GOVERNMENT  OF  UTICA.  I  1 9 

what  sums  are  necessary  for  defraying  the  expenses  of  the 
schools.  By  custom,  not  however  unbroken,  the  Commis- 
sioners are  chosen  in  equal  numbers  from  each  of  the  two 
leading  political  parties. 

Thus  these  last  four  Commissions  are  bi-partisan,  by 
law  or  practice. 

Commissioners  of  Deeds,  nine  in  number,  appointed  by  ^^^^^  ^^  ^^  y 
the  common  council  for  two  years.      They  take  acknowl- ^sg*,  ch.  88. 
edgments  and  administer  oaths. 

An  Examining  and  Supervising  Board  of  Plumbers  and , 

°  r  o  Laws  of  N.  Y., 

Plumbing,  appointed  by  the  Mayor,   pursuant  to    statute.  1892,  ch.  6o«. 

A  Board  of  Civil  Service  Examiners,  appointed  by  the  Laws  of  n.  y., 
Mayor,  pursuant  to  statute.  1884,  ch.  410. 

A  Sealer  and  Examiner  of  Weights  and  Measures. 

A  Keeper  of  the  City  Clock. 

A  City  Scavenger  and  a  City  Sexton,  appointed  by  the 
Common  Council. 

The  Common  Council  may  also  appoint  fence  viewers, 
pound  masters,  messengers,  and  janitors. 

WARD   OFFICERS. 

Aldermen,  (see  Common  Council),  Supervisors,  Consta- 
bles and  Collectors. 

The  Supervisors  represent  the  city  in  the  Board  of  Su- 
pervisors. They  are  the  legislators  of  the  county,  fixing 
the  amount  of  the  yearly  tax,  and  in  general  administering 
county  affairs. 

CITY  JUDICIARY. 

The  City  Court,  a  court  of  record  of  civil  and  criminal 
jurisdiction.      It  has  cognizance  of  minor  offenses. 

Its  officers  are  a  City  Judge,    elected  for  four  years,    a  charter,  pp. 
Special  City  Judge,    elected   for  three  years,  and  a  Clerk,  '^^''^^" 
appointed    by  the  City  Judge,    to  hold    office    during  his 
pleasure. 


I20  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Justices  of  the  Peace,  two,  elected  for  four  years.  They 
try  civil  cases  in  the  city. 

The  following  officials  are  required  to  give  bonds  : 
Treasurer,  Corporation  Counsel,  Clerk,  City  Surveyor, 
Collectors,  and  Policemen,  the  amount  being  determined 
by  the  Common  Council. 

TAXES  AND  INCOME. 

"  Taxes  are  portions  of  private   property  which   a   gov- 

Fiske'sCiyil  ^       .  ^  ,, 

Gov't,  p.  3.      ernment  takes  for  its  public  purposes." 

Taxpayers  in  the  city  are  subject  to  state,  county  and 
city  taxes.  Of  these  the  city  tax  is  by  far  the  largest.  In 
addition  to  the  general  city  tax,  property  owners  are  also 
assessed  for  local  improvements.  These  assessments  are 
called  special  taxes.  Churches  and  other  property  ex- 
empted by  law  from  general  taxation  are  subject  to  spe- 
cial tax  on  the  principle  that  all  property  benefited  should 
bear  its  share  of  the  cost.  The  paving  fund  is  both  a  gen- 
eral and  a  special  tax;  one-third  of  the  cost  of  paving  being 
a  tax  on  the  city,  while  two-thirds  is  assessed  on  the  prop- 
erty fronting  the  pavement.  The  city  spends  money  for 
administering  the  government,  for  schools,  paving,  police 
and  fire  expenses,  water,  public  improvements,  lighting 
streets,  interest,  etc.  It  derives  its  income  from  direct 
taxes,  licenses,  fines,  and  excise  moneys. 

PRIVILEGE  TO  BORROW. 

^    ,  ^  The  city  may  borrow  to  an  amount  which,  including  ex- 

state  consti     ... 

ttttion,Art.      isting  indebtedness,  shall  not  exceed  ten  percent,  of  the 
assessed  valuation  of  the  real  estate  subject  to  taxation. 

CITY  BONDS. 

When  it  becomes  necessary,  by  reason  of  the  vote  of 
electors   or   in  the  discretion  of   the  Common  Council,   to 


VIII.,  Sec. 


THE  GOVERNMENT  OF  UTICA.  121 

make  local  improvements  in  the  city  for  which  no  pro- 
vision is  made  in  the  charter,  the  city  may,  with  the  con- 
sent of  the  State  legislature,  borrow  the  necessary  amount 
by  the  issue  and  sale  of  the  corporate  bonds  of  the  city. 
These  bonds  are  executed  by  the  Mayor  and  Clerk,  under  the 
corporate  seal  of  the  city,  and  specify  the  improvement  for 
which  they  are  issued. 

FRANCHISES. 

A  municipal  franchise  is  a  privilege  granted  by  the  Com- 
mon Council  to  a  person,  firm,  or  corporation,  by  which 
such  person,  firm,  or  corporation  is  permitted  to  make  use 
of  the  streets,  subways,  or  other  parts  or  divisions  of  the 
city,  to  his  or  their  benefit.  The  franchises  commonly 
granted  are  the  privilege  of  running  street  railways, 
water-mains,  electric  light  and  telephone  wires  on,  through, 
or  under  the  streets  of  a  city. 

The  city  does  not  operate  any  of  these  properties 
or  plants.  It  is  not  uncommon,  however,  for  cities  to  do 
so.  In  1896  New  York  city  received  $7,000,000.  from  its 
water- works,    ferries,  docks    and  other    franchises.      Paris  .„■. 

'  Wilcox's 

received  in  1894  from  gas  and  transportation  street  fran- study  of  city 

1    •  rt>  x->i    •!       1     1      1    •  ■  r  Gov't,  pp.  55, 

cnises  q)4,ooo,ooo.      rhiladelphia  receives  from  street  cargo. 
franchises  $180,000.    annually,  and  the  city  owns  its   gas 
supply.      The  city  of  Glasgow  owns  tramways,  water  and 
gas  works. 

Utica  does  own  and  control  a  subway  for  electric  wires, 
reaching  from  Bagg's  Square  to  the  City  Hall.  In  this  it 
may  require  the  wires  to  be  placed. 


122  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

CITY  OFFICERS. 

Spaces  to  be  filled  in  by  the  Reader. 
Mayor. 

Name,  

How  Chosen,  

Term  of  Office,       

City  Clerk. 

Name,  

How  Chosen, 

Term  of  Office 

Treasurer. 

Name,  

How  Chosen,  , 

Term  of  Office,       

Corporation  Counsel. 

Name.  

How  Chosen,  

Term  of  Office,       


THE  GOVERNMENT  OF  UTICA.  1 23 

City  Surveyor. 

Name,  

How  Chosen,  

Term  of  Office,       

Board  of  Assessors. 
Names,  

How  Chosen.  

Term  of  Office,        

Board  of  Health. 
Names,  

How  Chosen, 

Term  of  Office,       


124  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Board  of  Charities. 
Names,  


How  Chosen,  

Term  of  Office,        

Police  and  Fire  Commissioners. 
Names,  


How  Chosen,  

Term  of  Office,        

Police  Matron. 
Name,  

How  Chosen,  

Term  of  Office,        


THE  GOVERNMENT  OF  UTICA.  I  25 

Commissioners  of  Coniniofi  Schools. 
Names,  


How  Chosen, 

Term  of  Office,        

Town  Auditors. 
Names,  


How  Chosen,  

Term  of  Office,        

City  Judge. 

Name,  

How  Chosen,  

Term  of  Office,        


126  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Special  City  Judge. 

Name,  

How  Chosen,  

Term  of  Office 

WARD  OFFICERS. 

Aldermen. 

NameSy 

First  Ward,  

Second  Ward,         

Third  Ward 

Fourth  Ward,  

Fifth  Ward,  

Sixth  Ward,  

Seventh  Ward 

Eighth  Ward,  

Ninth  Ward,  

Tenth  Ward 

Eleventh  Ward 

Twelfth  Ward,        

Thirteenth  Ward,   


THE  GOVERNMENT  OF  UTICA.  127 

Fourteenth  Ward, 

Fifteenth  Ward,  

How  Chosen,  

Term  of  Office,  

Supervisors. 

Names, 

First  Ward,  

Second  Ward,  

Third  Ward,  

Fourth  Ward,  

Fifth  Ward. 

Sixth  Ward,  

Seventh  Ward,        

Eighth  Ward,  

Ninth  Ward,  

Tenth  Ward,  

Eleventh  Ward,      

Twelfth  Ward 

Thirteenth  Ward,   


128  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Fourteenth  Ward, 

Fifteenth  Ward 

How  Chosen, 

Term  of  Office,       , 


u 


XV. 

GEOGRAPHY. 

"  Man  is,  where  he  lives. "—^.  P.  Brigham. 

TICA  is  situated   on   the  Mohawk  River,  in  the  south- 
eastern part  of   Oneida  County,  very  near   the  geo- 
graphical center   of  the  State  of   New  York.      '^^^  Yx^r^^oi    '^' 
latitude  is   approximately   43°  06'  N.,    and   the  longitude  u.  s.  weather 

,  Bureau,  1894. 

75°  13   W.  of  Greenwich,  and  i°49  E.  of  Washington,  thcNauticai  ai- 
latitude  of   the   Litchfield   Observatory  at    Clinton    being  ™^°'^''- 
43°  03    170  N.  and  the  longitude  from  Greenwich  +  5  hrs. 
I  min.    37.34   sec.    (=7?°  24' 20".  1 1  W.,  and  from  Wash- ^^^^p^"^^^^^-^^ 
ington  -o  hrs.  6  min.  34.65  sec.  (=  1°  38'  39".  75  E.).    The  Bureau,  1896. 
average  elevation  of  the  city  above  sea-level  is  500 feet.  4iOu.  s.  Geoi. 
feet  is  the  altitude  of  the  Utica  station  on   the  N.  Y.  Cen-  survey. 
tral  Railroad. 

In  general,  Utica  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Marcy  and 
Deerfield,  separated  from  them  by  the  Mohawk  River, 
though  at  North  Genesee  Street  the  line  now  runs  2,000 
feet  north  of  the  river  ;  on  the  east  by  Frankfort, 
Herkimer  county  ;  on  the  south  by  New  Hartford, 
Pleasant    Street,   formerly    called    Slayton's   Bush    Road^  Atiasof 

Oneida  Co. 

markmg  the  boundary  line  at  Genesee  Street  ;  and  on  the 
west  by  New  Hartford  and  Whitestown,  the  short  bound- 
ary line  (a  single  line  for  both  towns)  crossing  the  Belt 
Line  Street  Railway  at  Champlin  Street.  Two  stones 
marking  the  county  line  will  be  found  on  the  River  Road, 
just  east  of  Turner  Street.  The  arrow  on  the  upper  sur- 
face of  that  at  the  right  of  the  road  indicates  the  direction 
of  the  boundary,  and  points  to  one  of  the  natural  land- 
marks of  this  boundary,  namely,  the  large,  well-shaped 
9 


130  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

maple  standing    on    the  grounds  of   the  Masonic   Home. 

This  tree    throws   its    shadow  in    the  morning  in   Oneida 

County,  and  in  the  afternoon  in  Herkimer  County. 

Revised  Char-      The  details  of  the  boundaries  of  the  city  will  be  found 

at^amended by  in  the  municipal   charter.     They  may    be  understood    by 

Laws  of  7875.    reference  to  the  maps  in  the  Atlas  of  Utica  and  in  the  Atlas 

andCh.  Qz,  ,    ^        ■  i       ^  , 

Law8ofi8gi.    01  Oneida  County. 

The  city  is    set  aslant  to    the  points    of    the  compass. 

Atlas  of  Utica.  ,^,   ..  ,  ...  ,  r     t        ■».  r 

Atlas  of  ^"^^  ^^  partly  because   of    the  irregular  course  of  the  Mo- 

oneida  hawk,   which   was  of  great  importance  to  Utica  in  early 

County.  , 

days. 

The  many  irregularities   in  the   ground-plan  of   the  city 
are  due  to  the   fact   that   the  ideas   of  individual   owners, 
rather  than  any  general  central  plan,  were  followed  in  lay- 
ing it  out.      Greater  regularity  prevails  in  the  more  recent 
L  M  Taylor    Streets.      The  city  would  have  been    more   convenient  and 

In  Trans,  o.    bcautiful  if  all  the  cross  streets  had  led  into  the  main  thor- 
H.  S.,  1885-6,  r      ,         .  ., 

pp.39, 40.41,44.  oughfare  directly.      A  glance   at  the    map  of   the  city  will 

show  that  there  are   in   many  cases  bends  or  elbows  just 

before  streets  enter  Genesee  Street.      By  this  device,  good 

corner  lots  on  Genesee  Street  were  secured,  to   the   detri 

ment  of  the  city  as  a  whole. 

Only  one  street,    Alban}^  runs  at   all    nearly  north  and 

south  ;  and  only  one,  Park  Avenue,    runs   nearly  east  and 

Maps  in  Atlas  wcst.      Thcse  are  probably  the  two  streets  which  are  com- 

of  utica.  1  /•  ,  ,    •      •       ,  1      • 

monly  thought  01  as  most  eccentric  in  their  course. 

Genesee  Street,  the  main  artery  of  the  city,  has  a  direc- 
tion northeast  by  southwest.  It  crosses,  at  an  angle,  the 
Erie  Canal,  which  traverses  the  city  from  southeast  to 
northwest  on  a  line  generally  parallel  with  the  tracks  of  the 
Central  Railroad;  and,  after  crossing,  also  at  an  angle,  the 
West  Shore  tracks  a  little  beyond  the  limits  of  the  city,  it 
is  continued  through  the  village  of  New  Hartford.  Park 
Avenue,  State  Street  and  Washington  Street  join  Genesee 


GEOGRAPHY.  I3I 

Street  at  acute  angles,  giving  beautiful  vistas  and  forming 
with  it  pleasant    "squares." 

The  city  is  traversed  by  four  creeks,  all  tributary  to  the 
Mohawk,  and    by  a  stream    which  marks  a    part   of    the  „      .   ^.^ 

■'  "  Maps  in  City 

course  of  the  old  Chenango  Canal,  and  which  flows  into  Directory. 
Nail  Creek  near  the  power  house  of  the  Belt  Line  Com- 
pany. Reel's  Creek,  entering  the  Mohawk  from  the  north, 
is  the  stream  which  has  formed  the  beautiful  Deerfield 
ravine,  about  60  feet  deep  at  the  highest  part,  a  little  be- 
low the  waterfall.  The  three  creeks  which  traverse  the  larger 
part  of  Utica  and  flow  into  the  Mohawk  from  the  south,  were 
once  prominent  in  the  topography  of  the  town,  but  now 
are  often  concealed,  running  in  sewer-pipes  and  under  cul- 
verts and  buildings.  In  the  outskirts  of  the  city,  and  in 
the  country  near  by,  these  and  the  small  streams  tributary 
to  them  have  made  attractive  ravines,  usually  shaly.  Such 
is  Cascade  Glen,  a  little  southeast  of  Utica,  with  Butter- inTrans.a^H! 
milk  Fall  at  its  head,  and  Horseshoe  Fall  in  the  lateral ^■•'®^7'''P'**5- 
ravine.  This  has  been  made  by  a  tributary  of  Starch  Factory 
Creek.  Halleck's  Ravine,  in  New  Hartford,  is  another 
spot  of  marked  natural  beauty.  Through  it  flows  a  stream 
tributary  to  the  old  Chenango  Canal.  Other  examples  are 
"Sulphur  Spring  Glen"  (which  is  the  valley  of  the  Starch 
Factory  Creek  at  about  the  east  end  of  Blandina  Street, 
and  now  known  as  "Beech  Grove"),  and  "The  Gulf, "  formed 
by  Ballou's  Creek,  which  was,  within  the  memory  of  some 
now  living,  as  beautiful  as  any  of  these. 

Of  the  three  creeks  above  mentioned,  the  most  eastern 
is  Yahnunsaga,  or  Starch  Factory  Creek,  so  named 
from  a  starch  factory  which  was    built    upon    its   banks  in  „ 

^  Map  in  City 

1807.      It  has  its  origin  above   the  Graefenberg  reservoir.  Directory.ig^s. 
It  flows  under  the  canal,  the  River  Road,  and  the  Central's  255°°^^"' ^' 
tracks,  and  into  the   Mohawk   in  the    eastern  part  of    the 
city,  about  opposite  the  northern  end  of  Ontario  street. 


132  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Ballou's  creek,  named  from  one  of  the  early  settlers, 
rises  above  the  old  reservoir  at  Pleasant  Street,  and  forms 
on  parts  of  its  course  a  deep  gulf,  which  crosses  all  the 
streets  leading  eastward  from  Genesee  Street,  and  is 
bridged  on  Rutger  Street  by  a  wide  viaduct.  In  the  man- 
ufacturing portion  of  the  city,  this  gulf  was  formerly  "lost 
in  the  sluggish  waters  of  the  Big  Basin. "  The  Basin  was  con- 
structed on  the  Erie  Canal  in  1828  and  1829,  as  an  expected 
aid  to  the  business  prosperity  of  Utica.  The  mouth  of  Bal- 
M.  H.,  p.  i8q.    lou's  Creek,  where  was  once  the  lagoon  that  defended  Fort 

Pioneers,  p.  5.  ° 

M.  H.,  p.  17.  Schuyler,  was  dug  out  and  docked  up,  the  culvert  by  which 
it  had  formerly  flowed  under  the  canal  was  stopped,  the 
Basin  bridged  at  Broad  Street,  and  water  let  into  it  from 
the  Erie  Canal.  It  extended  nearly  up  to  Rutger  Street. 
But  it  was  not  a  success,  and  after  the  original  connection 
with  the  canal  was  stopped,  was  gradually  filled  up.  The 
waters  of  the  creek  flow  through  the  narrowed  Basin  into 
the  Erie  Canal  just  east  of  Third  Street,  and  are  now  rep- 
resented between  the  canal  and  the  river  by  an  overflow 
weir  from  the  lower  bank  of  the  canal,  which  enters  the 
river  a  little  west  of  the  foot  of  Third  Street. 

Nail  Creek  was  so  called  in  the  early  days  of  the  settle- 
ment. A  doubtful  tradition  accounts  for  the  name  as  due 
to  a  "dog  nail  factory  "  once  situated  on  its  bank.  The 
proprietor  of  this  factory  had  taught  his  two  dogs  to  move 
the  wheel  which   blew  the  bellows.      But   nails   had  been 

Jones'sAnnals, 

p.  493.  previously  manufactured    on  the  edge   of  the   creek,    and 

pioneers,  p.  ^j^gj-g  jg  g^jgQ  ^  story  that  a  wagon  loaded  with  nails  was 
overturned  in  it  during  the  War  of  the  Revolution.  This 
creek  is  artificially  fed  with  springs  in  the  town  of  New 
Hartford,  and  flows  through  the  western  part  of  the  city 
parallel  with  the  disused  Chenango  Canal.  It  is  deepened 
and  widened  for  manufacturing  purposes  on  the  property 
of  the   Globe  Woolen   Company,  which  owns  the  water- 


GEOGRAPHY.  133 

right.  Soon  after  crossing  Court  Street  it  disappears  from 
the  surface  into  a  newly  constructed  sewer,  flows  in  pipes 
beneath  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  and  does  not  re-appear  until  it 
has  been  carried  under  the  Erie  Canal,  when  it  continues 
its  course  to  the  Mohawk,  which  it  enters  opposite  Haak 
Street. 

The  Erie  Canal  is  twice  fed  in  this  county  ;  first  at 
Rome,  with  the  waters  of  the  Mohawk,  and  also  through 
the  Black  River  Canal,  with  waters  from  the  Forestport  res- 
ervoir, which  in  turn  are  obtained  in  part  from  the  Black 
River,  but  principally  from  several  Adirondack  lakes  ;  and 
second,  at  Oriskany,  with  the  waters  of  the  Oriskany 
Creek,  which,  after  turning  many  wheels  in  manufactur- 
ing towns  to  the  south,  and  after  traversing  Pleasant  Val- 
ley at  Summit  Park,  flows  here  into  the  Mohawk. 

Another  tributary  of  the  Mohawk  from  the  south   is  the 
Sauquoit  Creek,  which  enters   the  river  between  Yorkville 
and  Whitesboro,  after  having  fallen    1,014  feet   in  seven- a.  p.  Brigham 
teen  miles  and  having  been  used   for   manufacturing  pur-  ^  g'^*  ,33 . ' 
poses  at    141   factories.      It    is  a    tributary  of    this   creek  p- "'■ 
which   has   formed   the  picturesque  Rogers's  Glen  at  Wil- 
lowvale. 

Utica  was  built  upon   a   side  hill.      The   upper  parts  of 
the  city  were  reasonably  dry,  except  in  the  vicinity  of   fre- 
quent springs.      On  the  western  side  were  gullies  and  sand  l.  m.  Taylor 
hills.      (See  IX.).      The  lower  parts  of  the  city  stand  upon  h.  s..  isssa 
land  originally  swampy.      There  was  a  narrow  gravelly  ridge  ^  ^J: 
running    parallel    with  the    river,   and    a  second  slighter 
ridge  at  right  angles  to  it  extending  a  short  distance  up  the 
hill.      With  this  exception,  all  was  marsh.     The  Mohawk 
is  here  a  slow-moving  river,  laden  with  soil,  and  winding, 
willow-bordered,    through  broad  grassy  meadows,  dotted 
here    and   there    with    spreading   American   elms.      These 
meadows,    "  the  Flats,"  are  subject  to  overflow  in  spring, 


134 


OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 


A.  P.  Brigham 
in  Trans.  O. 
H.  S.,  1887-9, 
pp.  114, 115. 


Map  of  F.  K. 
Baxter,  C.  E., 
Directory, 
i«93- 


State  Museum 
Bulletin,  Vol. 
4,  No.  ig,  p.134. 
A.  Guyot, 
quoted  in 
Rep't.  N.  Y. 
State  Weather 
Bureau,  1896, 
P-  417- 


especially  when  the  ice  is  breaking  up.  Hence  the  fertility 
of  the  alluvial  fields.  But  as  these  floods  are  a  serious 
inconvenience,  the  city  gave  much  consideration  during 
the  years  1 887-1 891,  to  plans  for  straightening  the  course 
of  the  Mohawk  at  a  line  about  that  of  the  present  northern 
limit  of  the  city  at  North  Genesee  Street.  It  was  believed 
by  many  that  such  straightening  would  enable  the  river  to 
clear  so  rapidly  of  blocks  of  ice  as  to  avoid  floods,  and 
would  reclaim  land  for  manufacturing  purposes.  The 
cost  would  be  excessive  for  the  removal  of  one  bend, 
"the  Ox-bow."  Less  attention  has  been  given  recently 
to  this  plan  because  of  the  surveys  made  by  the  national 
and  state  governments  working  together  towards  the  con- 
struction of  a  possible  ship  canal  from  the  Atlantic  to  the 
Great  Lakes,  over  the  route  marked  out  by  nature  through 
the  Mohawk  valley  and  Lake  Oneida. 

Viewed  from  the  Deerfield  Hills,  to  the  north  of  the  city, 
Utica  appears  "  a  city  set  upon  a  hill;"  and  from  this  fact 
of  its  topography  came  the  Indian  name  U-nun-da-da-ges, 
"Around  the  Hill,"  which  has  place  upon  the  seal  of  the 
municipality.  The  rising  grade  of  the  New  York  Central 
road  as  it  approaches  the  city  from  the  east  is  very  marked, 
and  the  streets  running  toward  the  south  seem  to  slant 
continuously  upward.  If,  however,  one  mount  the  hill 
east  of  Forest  Hill  Cemetery,  the  city  seems  to  nestle  in  a 
long  and  well  wooded  valley,  rimmed  about  by  a  distant 
bowl  of  blue  hills. 

The  State  of  New  York,  in  the  main  an  elevated 
region,  has  yet  many  physical  diversities.  A  very  re- 
markable feature  is  the  deep  transverse  cut  which  forms  the 
valley  of  the  Mohawk  River  and  of  Oneida  Lake,  open- 
ing a  channel  from  the  low  country  of  the  Lake  region  to 
the  Hudson  Valley,  and  thus  dividing  the  Southern  or  Ap- 
palachian from  the  Adirondack  upland.    Oneida  County,  the 


GEOGRAPHY.  135 

central  county  of  the  State,  is  traversed  from  east  to  west 
by  this  broad  valley,  and  contains  the  watershed  between 
its  two  divisions,  the  "  carry  "  of  the  early  boatmen,  which 
separates  the  Mohawk  system  from  Wood  Creek  and  is  the  e.  and  f.,  p.  9. 
summit  between  the  Hudson  and  the  Great  Lakes.      The  ^^^'^^  '°J^ 

state  Gazet- 

county    contains    1,215    square    miles.      It    is    irregularly teer ) 
heart-shaped  in  outline,  the  right  lobe  lying  on  the  foot-  andE.  Bag^, 
hills  of  the  Adirondacks,  the  left  on  Oneida  Lake,  and  the '" '^'■^"®- 

'  .  '  O.H.  S.,  188S-6, 

apex  far  down  upon  the  Appalachian  plateau,  toward  the  p.  loi. 
head  waters  of  the  Susquehanna.  Therefore  the  streams 
of  the  county  flow  to  all  points  of  the  compass,  those  of 
the  Black  River  system  to  the  north,  those  of  the  Oneida 
system  to  the  west,  those  of  the  Mohawk  system  to  the  east, 
and  the  Chenango  and  Unadilla  to  the  south. 

The  fording  place  on  the  Mohawk  which  determined  the 
location  of  the  settlement  of  Old  Fort  Schuyler,  (see  I), 
is  due  to  the  trend  of  the  hills  away  from  the  river  at  this  pioneers,  p.  6. 
point  on  both  sides.  Thus,  through  the  gateway  of  Utica,  e.  andP.,  p. 
the  fertile  valleys  of  the  river  and  of  its  tributary  creeks, 
with  the  background  of  highlands  which  includes  some  of 
the  most  productive  land  in  the  State,  were  made  accessi- 
ble to  the  pioneers  of  the  region. 

That  the  character  of  the  soil  and  climate  is  not  wholly 
unlike  that  of  the  Adirondacks  is  shown  by  the  character 
of  the  fauna  and  flora.      (See  XVII.  and  XVIII.). 

The  average  temperature  of  the  upper  Mohawk  vallev 
is  45°,  very  nearly  the  average  temperature  of  the  State  for 
the  year.      Utica   is   on  the  eastern   border  of   the  Lower  Rei.Humidity, 

T      1        -n        •  J    •         1  11  P-  22.  Table 

Lake  Region,  and  in  the  summer  has   the  same  tempera-  vn. 
ture.      In   winter,  the   temperature   is   considerably  below  ^z^J'Jtii^  ^ 
that  of  the  Lake  Region,  partly  because  Utica  is  exposed  Bureau,  iSqe, 
to  northerly  winds  that  have  not  passed  over  Lake  Ontario,  pp- *3^' ^^°""5- 
and  partly  because,   being  in  a  deep  valley,  it   is   subject 


I  36  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

to  local  cooling  by  a  nocturnal  downflow  of   cold  air  from 

the  hills  on  all  sides. 

The  mean   cloudiness  of   Utica   is   excessive,  6.4  on  the 

scale  of  10.,  as  great  as  that  of  Oswego,  on  Lake  Ontario, 
Rei. Humidity,  and  greater  than  that  of  towns  on  the  New  England  coast. 
p.23,  Table  IX.  Yj^g  cloud  envelope  serves   as   a   blanket  to  the   earth,  so 

Ibid.,  p.  12.  T  1  •  1  • 

w.  L.  Ralph  that  the  temperature  is  more  uniform  than  it  otherwise 
rrxfan!^^^'  would  be,  and  the  humidity  less.  And  yet  the  tempera- 
o.H.  s.,  1885-6,  ture  is  extremely  variable,  especially  in  winter,  changes  of 
11^.'°'  60°  F.  often  occurring  within  24  hours  ;    and  the  humidity 

is  very  great,  the  air  being   always   more   nearly  saturated 

than  that  of  Oswego. 
Rainfall  and        -pj^g  probability  of   rain    any  day  in    the    year  is  greater 
p.  as.  in  this  region  than  elsewhere  in  the  United  States,  though 

w^eather  ^^^  amouut  of  rain  in  any  one  day  is  not  usually  great.  Octo- 
Bureau,  1896.  bej-  ig  the  most  humid  month.  In  the  State  of  New  York 
Ibid.,  p.  4SQ  as  a  whole,  precipitation  is  roughly  proportioned  to  alti- 
Rainfaii  and    ^^^q    Yet  whilc  the  mean  annual  precipitation  of  the  State  is 

Snow  in  U.  S.,  ^  ^  _ 

p. 56.  36.  5  inches,  that  of  Utica,  in  spite  of  low  deviation,  appears 

p.*23,  T^'ie  ^  to  be  43.09  inches.  To  these  frequent  rains  the  beautiful 
^^"-  verdure  of  the  region  is  due. 

Utica  lies  in  a  belt  of   land  including  Oneida  and  Lewis 

Counties  and  a  part  of  Madison  County,  which  has,  in  gen- 

Rep'tN.  Y.      eral,  the  greatest  snowfall  east  of    the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Weather         YoT  the  vcars  i88q-i8q2,  the   average    annual  snowfall  at 

Bureau,  i3q6,  -^  ^  ^     >  o 

p.  490  Utica  was  133.9  inches.      The    average    is    still    greater  a 

little  north  of  Utica. 

Prevailing  winds  are  easterly  and  westerly.  These  are 
Rei  Humidit,'  ^^^^  ^^  night,  and  relatively  moist.  Thunderstorms  often 
p-  '2  come  up  from  the  countrv  south  of   the  central  lakes  and 

Report  N.Y.  ,  ,  1  f     T^       '  1  •  T-1  11 

Weather         near  the    borders  of    Pennsylvania.      They  move   usually 
^"78*"'^^*     eastward  over   the  valley,  at    an    average  rate  of    30  miles 
an  hour. 


GEOGRAPHY.  137 

The  area  of  the  city  of  Utica  is  about  8|  square  miles,  p  j^  g  t 
It  is  divided  poHtically  into  15  wards,  numbered  in  the  ^-^pV^j  ^..^ 
order  of  their  organization  as  the  city  has  grown.  There  c/rcuiar^of 
are  (1899)  42  miles  of  paved  streets.  merce,  is^. 

The  population  of  Utica  was,  in  1890,  according  to  the 
United  States  census,  44,007  ;  in  1892,  by  the  New  York  ^j^^^'^JfJj.^J^- °^ 
State  enumeration  of  that  year,  46,608  ;   and  in  1899,  itis'^gg. 
estimated  at  60, 340. 

Being  on  the  eastern  boundary  of  the  first    "westward 

extension   of  New    England,"    Utica  has  fewer  people  of 

Dutch  and  Palatine  German,  and  more  of  English  ancestry  piskes  civii 

than   have    the  towns   immediately  east  and   "  Down  the  ^°^'*^*°^' ^•' 

.  pp.  81, 89, 14s. 

Valley."  The  idiom  of  the  people  is  that  of  New  Eng- 
land rather  than  that  of  the  Mohawk  valley  or  the  Hud- 
son valley,  and  the  pronunciation  differs  but  little  from 
that  of  New  England. 

After  i8or,  there  was  a  considerable  immigration  of 
Welsh  settlers,  some  of  whom  made  their  homes  in  Utica, 
and  more  of  whom  took  lands  in  the  county  to  the  north, 
especially  in  Trenton,  Steuben,  and  Remsen.      There    are 

Pioneers,  p.  68. 

also  many  Irish-American,  and  German-American  citizens, 
the  latter  not  descended  from  the  German  Palatines  down 
the  Mohawk,  but  from  later  immigrants. 


XVI. 

GEOLOGY, 

"  The  vicinity  of  Utica  is  one  of  the  best  localities  in  the  United 
States  for  a  young  student  to  begin  the  study  of  stratigraphic  geology 
and  palaeontology.  To  this  fact  I  am  largely  indebted  for  such  suc- 
cess as  I  have  had  in  dealing  with  problems  to  the  elucidation  of  which 
a  knowledge  of  stratigraphy  and  paleontology  is  necessary." — C.  D. 
Walcott,  Director  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey. 


T 


HE  fact  that  Utica  may  claim  able  geologists  among 
its  noteworthy  citizens  is  not  a  chance.      New  York, 
state  Museum  ^]-jg  mother  State  in  geologic  nomenclature,  has  exposed 

Bunetin,Vol.4,       ...  ,  i  •  •  r 

No.  ig,  p.  137.    within  its  borders  a  more  complete  and  extensive  series  of 
the    formations    below  the  Carboniferous    and  above  the 
Cambrian  than  any  other  State  in  the  Union.      Of  the  fif- 
teen central    counties    embraced  in  the    Third  Geological 
▼e^y  Third        District  of  the  State,  Oneida  County  has  the  greatest  num- 
Geoi.  District,  ]3gj-  Qf  different  kinds  of  rock.      It  ranks  with  Eastern  New 

p.  >5Q. 

York  in  the  completeness  of  its  Lower  Silurian  rocks,  and 
with  Western  New  York  in  the  completeness  of  its  Upper 
Silurian  rocks.      The  formations  of  the  county  begin  with 
i^Tranl^  *"' the  Archaean  and  pass  on  well  into    the  Devonian.      Ex- 
o.H.  s..  1887-Q,  elusive   of   the   Quaternary,    sixteen    fairly    distinct    geo- 
logical  horizons  have   representation  within   the  county. 
Of  these  sixteen,  five,  namely,  the  Trenton,  the  Utica,  the 
Oriskany,  the  Clinton,  and  the  Oneida,  have  their  typical 
development  here,    and  take  their  names  from    our  local 
geography.      The  region  offers  few  intricate  problems,  the 
strata  of  organic  and  sedimentary  deposits  being  for  the  most 
part  unmodified  save  by  ordinary  geological    forces.      An 
Ibid      118      hour's  journey  from  Utica  will  place  one  upon  almost  any 
important   rock  of  the   county.      A  walk  of  three  or  four 


GEOLOGY.  I  39 

miles  often  covers  as  many  geological  epochs.  For  in- 
stance, if  one  start  in  the  •'  Gulf"  in  East  Utica,  go  up 
Third  Street,  through  Sylvan  Glen,  and  cross  two  fields 
at  its  head,  he  has  walked  upon  Utica  slate,  Hudson 
River  shales,  Oneida  conglomerate  and  several  rocks  of 
the  Clinton  group. 

The  facihties  about  Utica  for  the  collection  of  organic 
remains  are  great,  as  at  Trenton  Falls  for  the  Trenton,  at 
Holland  Patent  for  the  Utica,  at  Rome  for  the  Hudson  f^  T^rnl^a"" 
River,  at  New  Hartford  and  Kirkland  for  the  Clinton,  and  h.  s.,  1887-9, 
at  Waterville  and  Oriskany  Falls  for  the  Lower  and  Upper 
Helderberg.  Directions  for  collecting  and  preparing  speci- 
mens will  be  found  in  the  respective  parts  of  a  bulletin 
issued  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  (In  the  Public 
Library,  Bulletin  U.  S.  National  Museum,  No.  39  ;  Part 
B.,  1891,  Plants;  Part  K.,  1895,  Fossils;  Parti.,  1895, 
Rocks;  Part  H.,  1895,  Minerals.) 

In   prehistoric   times,  several   tens   of  millions  of  years 
asfo  according-  to  the  lowest   probable   calculation,  the  nu- Sana's  Re- 

"  °  '■  _  .      vised  Text- 

cleus  of  the  North  American  continent  lay  in  the  ocean  in  Book,  pp.  444, 
the  form  of  a  great  V,  the  point  being  north  of  the  present'*'*^' 
region  of  the  Great  Lakes,  the  longer  arm   extending   up 
into  Alaska,  and  the  shorter  arm  into   Labrador.      South- ibid.,  p.  237. 
east  of  the  point  lay  a  small  island,  which  was  the  nucleus 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  the  present  region  of  the  Adi- 
rondacks.     The    rocks    of  this  region  are   crystalline,  in- Buiietin,voi.4. 
eluding  gneiss,  granite,  diorite,  and   norite.      These  rocks  ^o- '«.  pp- 138, 
were  originally  sedimentary,  probably  deposited  from   the 
broken-up  material   of  the  cooled    world-crust ;  but  they 
were  afterwards  subjected   to  metamorphism.      Though  a 
simple  life   may  have  existed  at  the  time  when  they  were  Data's  Re- 
deposited,  they   probably    contain   no  fossils.      Thrust   up  ^ook,  p.  241. 
through  them  are  solid  masses  of  Plutonic  rocks,  perhaps 
plastic  when  forced  to  the  surface. 


I40  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Rock  of  this  period  appears  also  at  Little  Falls,  where 
state  Museum  ^^e  red  and  gray  Laurentian  granite  has  been  forced, 
Buiietin,Voi.4,  dome-Hke,  through  the  Trenton  limestone  and  Utica   and 

No.  iQ,  p.  138.  .  1   •    1 

Hudson  River  shales  which  once  lay  above  it. 
A.  p.  Brigham      Archaeau     rocks    cover    the    north-eastern    portion    of 
H  s^iTs  °      Oneida   county,  the    Black  River  forming    in    general  the 
p- 1°3-  boundary  line. 

To  the   south   of  the  Adirondack  island  was  the  Appal- 
achian region  ;  its    highest  part  a  long,  slight   ridge  rising 
above  the  surface  of  the  sea  ;   its  lower  portions  somewhat 
Dana'BR         Submerged,  a  sea-border  receiving  sediment  from  the  land, 
vised  Text-     Betwccn  island  and  ridge  was  a  clear,    if    not  very  deep, 
'^"*^^'     sea,    in  which  marine  life  abounded.      In  this  sea  lay  the 
greater   part  of  New  York   State,    receiving  the   stratified 
deposits  that  mark  the  beginning  of  Palaeozoic  time. 

Oneida  County  is  situated  at  the  southwestern   base  of 

the   Adirondacks,    and    therefore  all    the    stratified  fossil- 

i^  Tra^^^cT'"  bearing  rocks  run   across    it  in   southeast  and    northwest 

s. ,1887-9,    bands,  gradually  assuming  a   more   nearly  east    and  west 

direction.      The  strata  slope  gently  southward. 

About  the  slowly-sinking  shores  of  the  Adirondack 
island,  in  the  shallow,  sandy  water,  the  Cambrian  rocks, 
including  the  Potsdam  sandstone,  were  deposited. 
Nothing  in  modern  geologic  research  is  more  interesting 
than  the  study  of  the  Cambrian  rocks,  by  C.  D.  Walcott, 
W.  B.  Dwight,  and    S.  W.    Ford,    who   have   shown  that 

state  Museum  ,.  rir^.j  11  i^  i 

Buiietin,voi.4,  many  limestones  of  the  State,  as  well    as  sandstones,    be- 

No.  iq,  p  145.    long    to  this    period.      It  is   believed,    however,    that  this 

formation  is  wanting  in  Oneida  County,  where   the  waters 

were  becoming   deep  enough   to    favor    the  formation   of 

the  Trenton  beds. 

The  opening  of  the  Lower  Silurian  age  is  marked  in  this 
region  by  the  deposition  of  an  impure,  sandy  or  gritty 
limestone,    the    calciferous    sand-rock.     This    appears,  in 


SHERMAN  Fall,  Trenton  falls. 


l'hotot;ra|)li  of  N.  II.  I  artoii 


GEOLOGY.  I 4 I 

Oneida  County,  only  in  the  bed  of  the  West  Canada  creek, 

on  the  boundary  Hne  of  Herkimer  County.      It  ovedies  the  ^  p  Brigham 

up-thrust  Archaean  rock  at  Little  Falls,  and  in  its  inter- i^  Trans,  o.h. 

stices  are  found  there  and  at  Middleville  the  quartz  crystals 

called     "Little     Falls     diamonds."     It   is    known   by    its 

brownish  color,  and  the   rough,  knotty  appearance  due  to 

the  weathering  off  of   particles  of    lime,  leaving  the  sandy 

portions. 

The  purer  limestones  of  the  Trenton  group  were  next 
deposited.  These  were  formed  by  organic  life,  just  as 
limestone  is  being  formed  in  coral  seas  to-day.  (See 
Dana's  "Corals  and  Coral  Islands.")  The  average  depth  ec^Text-bork" 
of  the  sea-bottom  must  have  been  at  least  lOO  feet,  and  itP-^s9. 
is  probable  that  the  climate  of  the  region  was  warm.  The 
thickness  of    the   deposit   favors   the   belief   that  the  reefs  ^^      ,    ,.     , 

^  Dana's  L orals 

were  sinking  at  about  the  same  slow  rate  as  that  at  which  and  corai 
they  were  built  up,  perhaps   five  feet  in  a  thousand  years.  258,350,360. 

Of  the  four  stages  of  the  Trenton,  two  are  found  in  the 
county,  the  Black  River  limestone  sparingly,  and  the 
Trenton  limestone  in  great  abundance.  The  former  ap- 
pears along  the  Black  River  in  the  town  of  Boonville.  y^^^^^^j^ 
The  latter  enters  Oneida  County  from  Lewis  County,  260. 
where  it  is  about  three  miles  wide,  and  extends  to  the 
West  Canada  Creek.  At  Trenton  village  it  is  about  seven 
miles  wide.  It  is  well  seen  at  Trenton  Falls,  at  Holland 
Patent,  at  the    bottom  of    Lansing's   Kill,  and   along  the 

,,,  ,_^.  .  A<T-  T^ii  Dana's  Corals 

iVlohawk   Kiver   m  Western.      At  Trenton    Falls   the  twoandcorai 
varieties  of    the  limestone  are    marked,    the  upper  hard.  ^®'^^'^^' P"  ^'''' 

^  '^  '  A.  p.  Bngham 

grey,  crystalline,  massive,    thick-bedded,   a  good   building  in  Trans,  o. 
stone,  of   which  the  State  Hospital  Buildings  at  Utica  are p^^j'/^^^"^' 
constructed  ;   also,  for  example,  the  foundation  of  the  Park 
Church.      The  lower  variety  is  nearly  black,  thin-bedded, 
soft,    and    composed     almost  wholly    of    organic    forms. 
Fossils    abound,    especially    of    sponges,    corals,    crinoids. 


142  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

*  D  D  ■  u      crustaceans,    and  various  classes   of  mollusks,  which  last 

A.  P   Brig-ham  '  ' 

in  Trans,  o.i    are  characteristic.      The  vicinity  of  the  Falls  has  afforded 

p.  104!'   ^^     a  rich  field  for  research. 

Half  a  mile  east  of  the  gorge  at  Trenton  Falls  a  thin 
bed  of  limestone  outcrops  in  a  ravine.  This  bed  Mr.  Wal- 
cott  found  especially  rich  in  trilobites,  and  from  it  he  made 
thin  rock  sections  for  study,  with  transmitted  light,  o^ 
the  appendages  of   Calyinenc  Senaria,  Cerauriis  Pleiirex- 

waicott'.s        anthemus,  and  to  a  limited  extent,  of  AsapJiiis  Platyceph- 

The  Trilobite,  -ii-  111  \      c 

p.  212.  alus.      He    thus    proved    that    trilobites    had  legs   before 

any  specimens  with  evident   legs  were  discovered.     This 
work  was  done   in    1876  and  1877.      Since  then,  the  char- 
vised  Text-      acteristic   trilobite  of    the    Utica   slate,   Triarthrus  Becki, 
Book,  p.  258.     jjg^g  been  found  with  legs  in  the  slate  near  Rome. 

Many  of  the  corals  of  the  Trenton  are  cup-shaped,  and 
Dana's  Re-  ^^^^  °^  radiating  plates.  Hemispherical  and  branching 
vised  Text-      corals  are  also  found.      Brachiopod  shells  are  characteristic. 

book,^p.  254. 

Cephalopods  are  especially  common  and  those  of  the  Or- 
ibid.,  pp.  255,  thoceras  family  were  the  largest  living  creatures  in  the 
256,257.  seas.      Some  Orthoceras  shells  are  from  12  to  15  feet  long. 

^„  ,   ^,  The  entire  thickness  of  the   Trenton   formation   is    300 

state  Museum  ^ 

BuUetin,voi.4,  feet.      It  has  a  double  system  of  vertical  joints. 

.  149.        ^]^Q  Utica  slate  marks  the  passage   from   clear  oceanic 
waters  to  shallow  coast  waters  turbid  with  silt,  and  a  cor- 
responding  change   of    living   forms.      It    covers   a   much 
ij^'^r^jj'g^Q^'"  larger  surface  west   and   south  of    the   Trenton   in   all   its 
H.  s.,  1887-9,     range.      It  passes  northwest  through  the  county,  in  a  band 

p.  104. 

from  six  to   eight   miles   wide   extending  from   Utica  and 
Deerfield  to  Ava. 

Its  thickness  at  the  typical  locality  in  the  vicinity  of 
i,r  1    ...,         Utica  is  600  feet.      It  is  seen  in  the  "Gulf  "  in  East  Utica,  in 

Walcott's  ' 

uticasiate  and  the  caual,  in  the  flats  for  some  distance  along  Reel's  and 

mations,  p.  i.  Ballou's  Creeks,  and  in  the  ravines  in   Deerfield.      These 

and  Holland  Patent  are  the  best  localities  for  fossils.     The 


GEOLOGY.  143 

slate  shows  no  change  of  character  throughout,  whether  Vanuxem. p. 
mineral  or  fossil.      It  is  nearly  black  in  color,  fine  grained,  a.  p.  Brigham 
and  breaks  up  rapidly  under  exposure.      It  was  classed  by  ^^ '^^^°®- °- 
Dana  as  marking  the  Utica  epoch  of  the  Trenton  period,  p.  104. 
but  is  placed  at  the  State  Museum  with  the  Hudson  River  Bynetjn^vo"™ 
group.      Mr.  Walcott  argues  that  both  lithological  charac-  ^*'- '«'  p«  '^s- 
ter  and  organic    remains  entitle  it  to  represent  a  separate 
epoch,  in  which  he  includes  also  some  lead-bearing  lime- 
stones and  some  sandstones,  as  well  as  shales,  of  Central 
and  Southern  States.      "  Of  one  hundred  species     . 
occurring"  in  the  Utica  slate,   "fifty-four  are  peculiar  to  it. 
In  the  town  of  Deerfield,  N.  Y.,  the  Trenton  and 
Utica  formations    are  as    intimately  connected,  litholosfi- ^*^**^^  ®'^'^^' 

°        pp.  4,  II.  12.  14- 

cally,  as  the  Utica  formation  is  with  the  succeeding  Hudson 
River  formation." 

In  the  fauna  of  the  Utica  slate,  graptolites  predominate. 
The  plume-like  impressions  of  these  cover  the  upturned 
surface  of  the  slate.      In  the  living  state  there  were  cells  ^"^'^"^^^'^ 

'->  in  1  rans.  U. 

along  the  notched  margms.one  for  each  notch,  from  which  h.  s.,i887-q, 
the  little  animals  protruded   themselves.      They  belonged  D^na-s  Re- 
to  the  hydroids.     The  carbonaceous  matter  and  dark  color  ^'^edText- 
of  the  slate  are  probably  due  to  these  fossils.      The    trilo- a.  p.' Brigham 
bite  Triarthrus  Becki  is  also  characteristic,  but  is  rare   in'°'^'"^°^-  °- 

H.  S.,  1887-g. 

localities  where  graptolites  abound.      Heads  of  this  trilobite  p.  104. 

in  great  numbers  may  be  found  in   the  gulf  east  of  Third  (See  Tis^o  Plate 

Street.      They     are     marked    with     transverse     furrows.  ^^-^ 

,..,..  .         ,  Utica  Slate,  p. 

This  trilobite  is  never  found  in  the  Trenton  limestone  be-  10. 
low  the  upper  shaly  beds  that  mark  the  transition  to  the 
Utica  slate. 

The  slate  has  within  the  county  two  saline  springs  of 
commercial  importance,  the  Boonville  Mineral  Spring  and 
the  Oneita  Spring  at  Utica. 

Two  sets  of  vertical  joints  may  be  seen  in  the  creek  east  vanuxem,  p 
of  Utica,  one  N.  30°  E.  and  the  other  N.   55°  E.  sg- 


144  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Next  ab()\-3  the  Utica  slate,  come  the  shale  and  sand- 
stone of  the  Hudson  River  group.  The  Frankfort  shale  at 
the  base  has  thin  layers  of  sandstone.  This  group  enters 
the  county  on  the  eastern  border  of  New  Hartford.  Only 
the  lower  mass,  (the  Frankfort  shale),  is  here  present.  It 
A  p  Brigham  ^^  ^  l^g^t  browuish,  saudy  shale,  with  few  fossils.  It  ap- 
in  Trans,  o.  pears  at  Sylvan  Glen,  east  of  Third  Street,  is  the  mass  at 
p.  105'.  '  Forest  Hill  Cemetery,  and  shows  a  thickness  of  40  feet  in 
Halleck's  Ravine.  It  passes  north  of  Rome,  into  Lewis 
County.  Isolated  patches  on  the  Deerfield  hills  and  the 
higher  parts  of  Steuben  show  that  it  once  covered  a  wider 
area.  The  upper  division,  (consisting  of  the  Lorraine 
and  Pulaski  shales),  begins  near  Rome  and  extends  north- 
ward into  Lewis  County.  Sandstone  begins  to  appear 
south  of  Rome,  and  increases  until,  as  in  quarries  in 
ibid.,p.  T15.  Westmoreland,  it  wholly  replaces  the  shale.  It  is  light 
grey  in  color,  and  a  good  building  stone.  Hudson  River 
rocks  extend  from  New  Hartford  to  Annsville.  A  saline 
spring,  Halleck's  spring  in  Westmoreland  village,  is  found 
in  this  formation,  and  there  is  a  sulphur  spring  in  Halleck's 
Ravine.  The  springs  at  Saratoga  and  Ballston  originate 
in  rock  of  the  same  stage  and  general  character. 

It  had  always  been  supposed  that  cephalopods  and  sea- 
weeds were  the  highest  forms  of  life  existing  in  the  Lower 
Silurian.      But   recently  Mr.  Walcott  has   announced  the 

State  Museum  r    i^    -i  i         i       i        i  i  i 

Buiietin,Voi.4,  presence  of  fishes  ;  a    land-plant,    an    acrogen,    has  been 
No  iq,  p.  150.    discovered  in  Great  Britain  ;  and  insects  have  been  report- 
ed from  Europe. 

To  the  Hudson  River  rocks,  succeed  those  of  the  Me- 
dina epoch,  with  the  Oneida  conglomerate  at  the  base. 
This  is  a  pudding-stone  of  quartz  pebbles  cemented  to- 
gether more  or  less  firmly.  Sometimes  the  upper  layers 
become  a  coarse  blue  or  grey  sandstone,  the  former  com- 
pact and  durable  in  its  best  layers.      The  weathered  blocks 


GEOLOGY.  145 

from  this  formation  have  usually  a  rusty  color,  due  to  the 
presence  of  iron  pyrites. 

The  conglomerate  is  the  stone  commonly  used  for  foun-  .  „  „  .  ^ 

"  -^  A.  p.  Bngham 

dations  in  the  city  of  Utica.      It  is  quarried  on  the  Frank-  in  Trans,  o. 
fort  and  Graefenberg  hills,  and  at  the  head  of  Sylvan  Glen.  ^  '^^g  '  ' '' 
In  the  first-mentioned  place,  layers  of  soft,  dark  shale  are 
seen.      The  common  fossils   are   fucoids   only.      In  the  vi- Dana's Man- 

•      •  r    TT    •  ■       /•  r  •  1    •     1  ual,p.  218. 

cmity  of  Utica,  the  mass  is  from  i  5  to  40  feet  m  thickness, 
though  elsew^here  in  the  county  it  is  120  feet  thick.  It 
extends  from  New  Hartford  to  Florence. 

These  rocks  mark  the  beginning  of  Upper  Silurian  time, 
when  New  England  and  eastern  New  York  were  elevated,  •''■  ^-  Brigham 

°  .  in  Trans.  O. 

and  the  Green  Mountains  were   made.      We  do   not  find  h.  s.,  1887-9, 
Upper  Silurian  rocks  in  eastern   New  York.      But   Oneida  ^■'°^' 
County  was  still  in  part  submerged.      The  coarse  sediments  .state  Museum 
found  in  the  lower  layers  of    the   conglomerate   furnish  3,'^^^'®'^'^'^°^'*' 

•'  O  Mo.  ig,  p.  152. 

record  of  upheaval  and  agitated  waters.  The  source  of 
the  fragments  and  the  method  of  deposition  form  one  of 
the  obscure  problems  of  geology. 

The  upper  rocks  of  the  Medina  epoch  show  in  the  north- A- ^^^^g'^^*™ 
western  portion  of    Oneida  County  only  a  small  beginning  ^",06.''^^^'^' 
of    the   development  which    becomes    marked  in  western  l^unetln^voT™ 
New  York.  no.iq-p'is^. 

The  rocks  of  the    Clinton  group   rest   on  this  sandstone 
from  east  to  west  throughout    the    county.      They  consist  a.  p.  Brigham 
of  bluish-green   shales,    red,  blue    and  grayish  calcareous  ^^^^^8*87° 
sandstones,  and  two  thin  beds  of  red  oolitic  iron  ore.   This  p-  '°7- 
ore  looks  like   an    aggregate  of  small  shot,  and  has  many 
fossils  of  small  size.      It  is  extensively  mined  in  the  vicin- ^ 

•'  state  Museum 

ity  of  Clinton,  where   it    has  been  studied  by  Prof.  A.  H.  Buiietin.voi.^, 
Chester,  formerly  of  Hamilton  College.    (See  his  address  be-  *  V  b^  h^^ 
fore  the  Utica  Mercantile  and  Mfg.  Assn.  ,1881).  The  Clinton  in  Trans,  o. 
rocks  are  variable  in  character,  and  among  the  most  valu-    '    " '   ^"'' 


p- 


able  we  have.      Verona    Springs    rise    through  the  shale. 


146  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Rogers's  Glen  at  Willowvale  shows  it  to  great  advantage. 
In  general,  the  presence  of  the  iron-bearing  beds  is  indi- 
cated by  the  reddening  of  the  roads  as  one  drives  southwest 
from  Utica.  The  formation  may  be  examined  in  Kirkland, 
A.  p.  Brigham  Qinton  and  Westmoreland,  and  near  Verona.      There  are 

in  Trans.  O.  .  ,,,.,,. 

H.S.,  1887-9,  numerous  quarries,  and  the  buildmg-stones  of  the  group 
^'  't?t,  •  1.      may  be  seen  in  the  Stone  Church  at  Clinton,  and  in  Grace 

A.  p.  Brigham  -^  ' 

in  Trans,  o.  and  Calvary  Churches,  the  Church  of  the  Reconciliation, 
p.107'. '  ^"^  and  the  Memorial  Presbyterian  Church  at  Utica.  The 
red-brown  sandstone  of  which  the  Tabernacle  Baptist 
Church  was  built  comes  from  rocks  of  this  group  near 
Frankfort.  The  fossils  found  are  numerous  marine  plants, 
brachiopodSj  corals,  and  tracks  of  crustaceans. 

The  Niagara  group  is  not  important  in  this  county,  but 
state  Museum  it  appears  in  a  thin  band  of  shale  and  limestone.  The 
Bulletin, voi.4,|^gg|-  development  is  in  the  town  of  Vernon,  along  Sconon- 

No.  iQ,  p.  154.  _  _ 

A.  p  Brighamdoa  Creek.  The  blue  shale  in  the  southern  part  of  Kirk- 
H  s'^^Ts  -8  land  belongs  to  this  period  and  contains  the  concretions 
p.  107.  peculiar  to  it.      These  are  often  two  feet  in  diameter,    and 

A.  p.  Brigham  ^  ..,..,,  .  ^, 

in  Trans,  o.     the   coats  crack   off  like    the    layers  of    an    onion.      The 
H.S.,  1887-9,     concretions  are  of  limestone,  and  largely  compose  a  layer 
a  foot  or  more  thick  in  the  shale. 

In  many  of  the  ravines  of  Paris,  and  over  an  irregular 
area  in  New  Hartford,  Kirkland  and  Marshall,  in  the  Oris- 
kany  Valley,  on  College  Hill,  Clinton,  and  in  the  towns  of 
W^estmoreland  and  Vernon,  may  be  seen  the  red  shale  of 

A.  p.  Brigham    ,        „    ,.  --i     •-  •  i  1  ju         • 

In  Trans,  o.    the  Saliua  group,  With  its  occasional  green  layers  and  hemi- 

H.  s.,  1887-9,     spherical  green  spots.      It  is  quarried  for  the  walks  of  the 

A.  p.  Brigham  Hamilton  College  campus  in  the  ravines  at  either  side.      It 

H.  s!^^8V9,     contains    no    fossils.      It    appears   on  hill-tops  and  passes 

pp.  108,  log,  down  hill  sides,  southward.  The  upper  members  of  the 
116, 118.  1      1    ■     /-\ 

group,  which  are  so  rich  in  gypsum  and  salt  in  Onondaga 

County,  are  but  little  developed  in  Oneida  County. 

The  Lower  Helderberg  rocks  indicate  a  change  to  deep 


GEOLOGY.  147 

seas  with  advancing  forms  of  life.  The  waterlime  group 
is  well  shown  in  Kirkland,  Marshall  and  Augusta.  It  is 
used  in  this  county  as  a  source  of  quicklime.  In  this  for- 
mation, near  Waterville,  Mr.  A.  O.  Osborn  discovered  in 
1882  a  fosbil  scorpion  which  has  been  named  in  his  honor. 
It  is  possibly  the  earliest  air-breather  yet  found  in  America. 
An  interesting  crustacean,  Eurypterus  Remipes,  marks  this 
group. 

The  upper  members  of  the  Lower  Helderberg  appear  at 
Oriskany  Falls.      They  are  hard  blue  limestones  with  great  ^**,^®  Museum 

■'J  o  Bulletin,Vol.4, 

abundance    of  Upper    Silurian    brachiopods,    corals,    and  No.  19,  p,  158. 
crinoids.      Life  at  this  period  was  still  largely  marine,      A 
few  land  plants,  similar  to  the  equiseta,  occur. 

The  Oriskany  sandstone  marks  the  close  of  the  Upper 
Silurian,  and  the  beginning  of  the  Devonian  age.  It  is 
found  in  Augusta  and  Marshall,  especially  in  the  vicinity  ibid.,  p.  isg. 
of  Oriskany  Falls,  where  it  is  20  feet  thick,  coarse  in  tex- 
ture, and  of  light  yellowish  color,  turning  brown  by  expo- 
sure.     Large  brachiopod  shells  are  found  in  this  rock. 

The  Cauda  Galli  and  the   Schoharie  grits  do  not  appear 
west  of  Herkimer  County.     But  the  Corniferous  rocks  are 
well  developed.      The  Onondaga  below  is  thin  and  light  in  a.  p.  Brigham 
color.      The  Corniferous  above  has  extensive  layers  of  horn- 1°  ^^^^^-  ^• 

•'  H.  S.,  1887-9, 

stone  or  chert,  the  nodules  of  which  may  be  seen  in  every  p- 109- 
field  and  stone  wall  in  the  southern  part  of    the  county. 
Organic  forms  are  profuse,  including  corals,  crinoids,  shells, 
and  a  peculiar  species  of  trilobite. 

Rocks  of  the  Hamilton  period    are  the    latest  found  in  i^id  p  no 
this  county.     The  Marcellus  shales    at    the  base  are  dark 
in  color,  and  similar  to  the  Utica  slate,  or  the  shales  of  the 
coal  formation.      They  cover  diagonally  half  the  town  of 

o  rill  1  11  r  1  State  Museum 

Sangerfield,    along    the    valley  of    Chenango  Creek.        In  Buiietin,voi.4, 
Bridgewater,  coal  has  been  found  in  this  shale;  and   true  ^''' '^' ^" '^'' 


148  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

cannel  coal,  in  small  quantity,  has   been  found  at  Water- 
ville.      These  deposits  have  no    commercial  importance. 
^  .  The  Hamilton  shales,  liehter    in    color,    rest    upon  the 

Guide  to  St.  '       '^  .  . 

Museum,p.  163  Marcellus  shales.      They  have    soft   sediments,    limestone 
in  Trans^o^™  bands,  and  abundant  remains  of  life.      These  shales  cover 
H.S.,  1887-0,     the  highest  land  in  the  southern  part  of  the  county,  and 
extend  north  to  Paris,  where  they  cap  Tassel  Hill. 

All  the  rocks  in  the   southern    part  of    the  county  have 
been  more  or  less    scored    away  by  the    streams  running 
north  and  south  from  the  limestone  watershed. 
BuUetinlvoL^      '^^^  characteristic  fishes  of  the  Devonian  are  not  report- 
No.  iQ.p.  158.    ed  within  the  county. 

To  the  Hamilton  group  belongs  the  North  River  blue- 
stone,  which  is  used  largely  for  sidewalks  in  Utica.  It  is 
a  durable  variety  of  sandstone  which,  because  of  its  even 
Ibid  p  I  2  texture,  can  be  sawed  into  any  required  shape.  It  has 
been  received  from  Seneca  Falls,  but  now  comes  more 
often  from  quarries  in  Ulster  County.  Years  ago,  Trenton 
limestone  was  used  for  sidewalks  in  Utica,  as  on  Whites- 
boro  Street  and  lower  Genesee  Street  ;  but  it  disintegrated 
so  rapidly  as  to  be  very  uneven  on  the  surface. 

Many  of  the  stone  structures  in  Utica  illustrate  the  rich- 
ness of  the  county  in  building  stone.     Any  building  stone 
A.  p.  Brig-       should  have  in   a  wall   the  precise  attitude  nature  gave  it 

ham's  Phys.       •       , , 

GeoR.  insec    m  the  quarry. 

Schools,  The  clays  of  the  Mohawk  flats  are  utilized  in  Deerfield, 

School  Re- 
view, Oct.,       Rome,  and  Whitesboro  for  making  bricks.      Good  sand  for 
1897,  p.  531.  _  _  _ 

glass  is  found   at  Durhamville.      Mineral  paint  is  made  in 
Kirkland  from  the  Clinton  iron  ore. 

The  search  for  coal  and  mineral  oil  years   ago  had  no 
A.  p.  Brigham  result,  nor  is  it  probable   that    they  can   be    found  in    the 

in  Trans.  O.  ,,^         ^       ,     y^     ^  x        -r-.       ,      •      i 

H.s.,1887-9,     county.      (See  Geol.  O.  C,  p.   117.)     Peat   m  large  quan- 
P-  "'•  tities  exists  in  the  swamp   near   Rome.     There    are  large 


GEOLOGY.  149 

deposits  of  calcareous  tufa  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
county.  The  cobblestones  formerly  used  for  paving  were 
a  part  of  the  Glacial  drift. 

Probably  the  time  taken  in  the  depositing  of  the  rocks 
of  Oneida  county  was  several  millions  of  years  longer  than 
all  the  time  that  has  since  elapsed.  But  very  great  surface 
changes  have  been  made  since  the  Devonian  age.  (See 
Shaler's  "Aspects  of  the  Earth.") 

The   strikes  in  the  Palaeozoic  beds  probably  represent 
an  old  shore-line  that  was  gradually  receding  southward. 
Before  the  end  of  Palaeozoic  time,  the  streams  which  rose 
in  the  Adirondack  region,  growing  longer  as  the  shore  re- 
ceded southward,  crossed  the  whole  of  Oneida  County,  and  ^^y^^j^y  *_  " 
flowed  into  the  interior  sea  then  covering  the  coal-areas  ofp-s^s- 
Pennsylvania.      Even  in  Tertiary  time,  they  still  flowed  to 
the   south,  reaching  the  sea  by  an  ancient  Susquehanna 
River.    Meantime  the  region,  which  had  been  reduced  in  Cre- 
taceous time  almost  to  base-level,  had  been  elevated,  with  ibid, 
the  entire  warping  Appalachian  belt,  to   a  plateau   level. 
The  St.  Lawrence  River  had  been  formed  earlier,  and  the 
Hudson  valley  was  being  excavated.      As  this  valley  grew, 
it  was  inevitable  that  a  tributary  valley  should  be  cut  west- 

'  '  .     Ibid.,  p.  516. 

ward  along  the  strike  of  the  soft  Utica-Hudson  shales,  di- 
verting toward  the  east  the  headwaters  of  some  Adiron- 
dack streams.  At  Little  Falls  this  process  was  stopped 
by  the  barrier  of  gneisses  which  had  been  faulted  up  in  ^*'^'^- 
very  ancient  times.  A  similar  valley  was  cut  from  the  St. 
Lawrence  eastward,  diverting  toward  the  west  the  head- 
waters of  other  Adirondack  streams. 

Then  came  the  Glacial  period,  and  the  ice-cap  covered 
the  region.  Shore  lines  of  three  glacial  lakes  are  found  in 
Western  New  York,  of  which  the  lowest,  Lake  Iroquois, 
is  believed  to  have  discharged  through  the  Mohawk  Valley. 


I  50  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

The  deltas  and  delta  terraces  of  lateral  streams,  from 
Rome  to  Little  Falls,  were  probably  made  at  this  time. 
While  Lake  Ontario  was  being  excavated,  the  glacier 
broke  up.  The  St.  Lawrence  valley  being  still  frozen,  an 
enormous  discharge  of  water  came  through  the  Mohawk 
valley  from  the  Great  Lakes,  reduced  the  barrier  at  Little 
Falls,  and  so  aggraded  the  region  as  to  transfer  the  divide 
to  Rome. 

Thus  by  changes  of  level,  by  constant  erosion,  by  the 
ham's^cf'o-  grinding  of  the  ice-sheet,  and  above  all  by  post-glacial 
graphyand     action   of  Water,  the  physical  features  of  the  county   have 

Glacial  De-  .  ,^.         .  r      1         ■»  «■    1  1 

posits  of  Mo-    been   sculptured.      The   importance  of   the    Mohawk  as  a 

hawk  Valley,  topographic  feature  is  best  appreciated  if   one  stand  upon 

Starr  Hill  in  Steuben,  1,793  feet  above  the  sea,  or  Tassel 

Hill   in  Paris,   1,948  feet  in  altitude;  he  then  sees  a  valley 

from  12  to  20  miles  wide  and  1,500  feet  deep,  with   great 

alluvial  deposit.     This  makes   clear  how  enormous  is  the 

B^uneto^VoT'^  mass  of  land  that  has  been  carried  down  to  the  sea.      The 

No.  ig,  p.  180.    higher  hills  about    Utica  are  the    remains  of   the    ancient 

strata  that  have  been  cut  into  to  form  the  valley.      All  the 

vanuxem,p.    Way  from  Little  Falls  to  Rome,  an  old  higher  bank  of  the 

"^'  river  can  be  seen,  at  places  80  feet  above  the  present  bed. 

The  debris  of  the  retreating  glacier  so  filled  up  the  Hud- 

A.  p.  Brigham  SOU  basiii  that  the  St.  Lawrence  was  deflected  to  its  pres- 

in  Trans.  O.  .    .  .  ...  ,  ,    .  ....  . 

H.S.,  1887-9,     ^^^  position,  the  outlet  being  changed  from  the  vicinity  of 
p.  112.  Rome  to  the  Thousand  Islands  ;   and  so   the  Mohawk  be- 

came-a  local  drainage  stream. 

Abundant  evidence  of  glaciation  exists  in  the  vicinity  of 
Utica.  The  great  bowlders  both  north  and  south  of  the 
Mohawk,  each  consisting  of  such  rock  as  outcrops  farther 
north  than  its  present  station  ;  such  kettle  holes  as  Bear 
Pond  ;  the  Whitestown-Oriskany  sand-plain,  of  which 
the  main  mass  is  called  "the  Oriskany  bluffs";  the 
Frankfort-Ilion  drift-benches  ;  the  belt  of  kames  extending 


GEOLOGY.  I  5  I 

a  mile  or  more  eastward  from  the  Ilion  station  ;  the  finger 
lakes  to  the  southwest,  of  which  Oneida  borders  upon  this 
county:  all  have  a  story  to  tell. 

When  excavations  were  made  for  the  Rutger  Street  via- 
duct, a  true  glacial  till  was   thrown  out,  containing  many 
scratched    pebbles.     A    fine    bowlder    of    red    Laurentian  a.  p.  Brighan 
granite  may  be  seen  in  Utica  on  the   northeast   corner  of '"  ^'"^*?„  °" 

<^  J  H.  S.,  i88g-g2, 

South  Street  and  Kossuth  Avenue.     Its  top  has  been  planed  p-  r^. 
off  by  the  glacier.      A  drive  over  South  Street  in  New  Hart- 
ford to  the  reservoirs  will  reveal  enough  bowlders  to  afford 
considerable  evidence  of  glaciation. 

A  good  example  of  a  river  terrace  is  afforded  by  the 
Mohawk  in  Western.  The  mouth  of  Deerfield  ravine 
offers  another  example.  Three  distinct  levels  are  here 
visible. 

The  gorge  at  Trenton,  over  one  hundred  feet  deep,  and 
the  ravines  of  Utica  and  its  vicinity,  display  to  advantage 
the  post-glacial  action  of  water.  Wonderful  examples  of 
erosion  are  seen  at  Little  Falls. 

The  good  qualities  of  the  soil  about  Utica  are  due  to 
three  main  causes  :  (i)  the  decomposition  of  the  shale,  so 
full  of  carbon,  making  the  best  dairy  land  of  the  State  ; 
(2)  the  abundant  glacial  drift  ;  (3)  the  rich  deposits  of  the 
Mohawk,  which  carries  sediments  from  all  the  higher  lands 
of  the  region. 


XVII. 
BOTANY. 

[Many  facts  taken   by  permission   from  Dr.  J.    V.  Haberer's   pub- 
lished List  of  Plants  in  the  Vicinity  of  Utica.] 

A  RICH  flora  was  to  be  expected  from  the  varieties  of 
soil  and  location  near  Utica.  The  alluvial  soil  along 
the  Mohawk,  the  occasional  unreclaimed  marshes  and 
shrubby  copses,  the  sphagnous  swamps  and  forested  hill- 
sides, afford  homes  to  most  varieties  of  phaenogamous 
plants  suited  to  the  climate. 

September  i,  1897,  the  writer  found  100  species  of 
plants,  wild  or  fully  naturalized,  in  bloom  in  the  fields  and 
along  the  roadsides,  just  beyond  the  southern  line  of  the 
city.     The  space  covered  was  not  much  more  than  a  mile. 

Within  a  radius  of  ten  miles  from  Utica  there  are  about 
970  species  of  flowering  plants.  Of  these  about  60  are 
Forest  Trees  and  about  80  Shrubs  and  Undershrubs,  in- 
digenous, or  naturalized  and  growing  wild.  Of  Equiseta 
we  have  7,  of  native  Ferns  40,  and  of  Club-Mosses  6. 
The  Mosses,  Hepaticae,  and  Fungi  of  this  locality  have  not 
been  numbered  and  classified. 

A  botanical  garden  of  our  native  plants  seems  much  to 
be  desired  in  the  interest  of  our  school  children.  It  might 
be  an  annex  to  one  of  our  city  parks. 

A  list  of  the  orders  of  which  we  have  representatives  con- 
cludes this  paper. 

We  give  a  few  notes  as  to  the  season  and  habitat  of 
the  best  known  of  our  flowers,  although  in  doing  so  we  al- 
most wrong  the  many  which  we  cannot  name.      These  the 


BOTANY.  153 

student  must  find  for  himself   with   the  aid   of   botany  and 
teacher. 

In  earliest  spring,    the    Skunk  Cabbage    {^Symplocarpus 
foetidiis)  blooms  in  bogs  and    marshes.      This  very  mal- Gray's  Manual 
odorous  flower  belongs  to  the  Arum  Family.      The  blossom  °^^^°^*°^' ^"^^ 
appears   before  the    large  coarse    leaves  arrive,    and    the  Gibson's 
spathe  is  so  gorgeously  striped  with  gold   and  purple  that  pp*^^.  ^*^' 
artists  and  florists  are  beginning  to  appreciate  its  beauty. 

The  Slippery  Elm,  {Uhniis  fiilva),  blooms  almost  as 
early,  (March  and  April),  and  the  White  Elm,  {U.  Ameri- 
cana), and  Red  and  Sugar  Maples,  {Acer  riLbriim  and  sac- 
cJiarimini),  quickly  follow. 

The  "pussies"  of  the  Willows  are  here  also,  and  these 
downy  catkins  soon  open  to  show  the  golden  anthers  of  the 
staminate  blossoms,  and  the  gray  green  of  the  pistillate. 

Soon  after  the  snow  leaves  the  ground  in  spring,  the 
Hepatica,  {Hepatlca  acutilobd),  appears  in  the  woods. 
One  was  found  in  woods  near  the  city,  March  18,  1898. 
This  was  exceptionally  early.  Records  from  1872  to  1885  j.  v.  Haberer 
give  as  the  earliest  date  on  which  it  was  first  found,  April  g°  ^*°^"^i^' 
I,  1878,  and  as  the  latest.  May  4,  1872.  The  lingering 
snows  of  1899  made  it  possible  to  bring  home  rich  bunches 
of  this  flower,  resting  on  beds  of  snow  near  which  it  had 
blossomed. 

Closely  following  the  Hepatica  in  early  spring,  are  the 
Spring  Beauty,  {Claytonia  Caroliniana),  and  the  Blood- 
root,    {Sanguinaria    Ca?iade?isis). 

Quite  as  early,  in  waste  places,  appears  the  Shepherd's 
Purse,  Capsella  Bitrsa-Pastoris),  whose  small  white 
flowers  do  not  desert  us  until  the  autumn.  As  the  season 
advances,  the  flower  and  fruit  are  seen  on  the  same  stem, 
and  the  triangular  seed-pods  are  gathered  by  the  children. 

Several  Mustards  and  Cresses  appear  with  the  Shep- 
herd's Purse,  all  belonging  to  the  order  Cruciferae. 


154  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

One  beautiful  spring  flower  must  not  be  omitted,  the 
Trailing  Arbutus, — the  May-Flower  of  New  England, — 
{Epigaea  repc7is.)  It  grows  in  Oneida  County,  north  and 
west  of  the  city,  but  in  spite  of  careful  efforts  to  cultivate 
it,  in  Deerfield  and  Clinton,  it  refuses  to  make  a  home 
very  near  us. 

May  brings  the  fruit  blossoms,  and  in  the  woods  and 
fields,  the  Trilliums  and  Violets  of  many  varieties. 

The  Marsh  Marigold,  {Caltha  palustris),  is  a  golden 
flower  of  May,  belonging  to  the  Crowfoot  Family,  to 
which  the  Hepatica  and  many  other  spring  flowers  be- 
long. 

Toward  the  end  of  the  month,  the  flowers  of  the  buck- 
bean,  {Meiiyanthes  trifoliata),  of  the  Gentian  Family,  are 
found  in  bogs.  They  form  large  white  spikes,  beautifully 
fringed  and  delightfully  fragrant,  with  a  large  clover-like 
leaf  on  a  long  stem,  and  with  a  thick  rootstock,  which 
Bayard  Taylor  tells  us  is  ground  into  flour  and  made  into 
bread  in  Norway.  It  is  a  highly  representative  flower  of 
bog  and  stream. 

In  early  June,  the  banks  of  the  Sauquoit  Creek  and 
other  moist  places,  will  be  found  carpeted  with  Forget-me- 
not,  {Myosotis  paliistris),  of  the  Borage  Family. 

At  the  same  time,  the  Pitcher  Plant,  {Sarracenia  pur- 
purea), is  found  in  sphagnous  bogs,  with  its  pitchers  filled 
with  water  and  drowned  insects.  In  the  same  place, — 
some  bog  upon  the  Frankfort  hills, — and  at  the  same  time, 
look  for  Blueberries  and  Cranberries,  {Vacciniiivi),  Lab- 
rador Tea,  [Ledum  lati/oliuvi),  Sheep  Laurel,  {Kalniia 
angustifolia),  and  the  beautiful  Azalea,  {Rhododendron 
nudifloruni),  all  members  of  the  Heath  Family.  In  bogs 
also,  grows  our  small  wild  Calla  or  Water  Arum,  [Calla 
palustris),  a  beautiful  little  plant,  whose  pointed  spathe  is 
green  without  and  pure  white  within. 


BOTANY.  I  5  5 

In  June,  too,  we  begin  to  see  the  Orchids,  of  which  we 
have  about  30  species,  which  open  in  succession  through 
the  summer,  some  even  as  late  as  September  and  Octo- 
ber. Some  of  these  are  far  from  abundant,  and  we  should 
gather  them  carefully,  leaving  the  root  unharmed,  that 
new  flowers  may  appear  in  succeeding  summers. 

In  July  and  August,  the  Wintergreen  or  Checkerberry, 
{Gaultheria  proctimbens),  shows  its  white  bells  side  by  side 
with  the  bright  red  berries  of  the  preceding  year. 

The  flowers  of  the  woods  almost  disappear  as  summer 
progresses  and  are  succeeded  by  rushes,  sedges  and  grasses, 
all  having  blossoms ;  the  roadside  indulges  in  a  great 
variety  of  weeds,  mostly  composite  or  umbelliferous  ;  the 
ponds  have  white  Water-Lilies,  and  various  aquatic  plants; 
and  the  Asters  begin  to  star  the  edges  of  the  woodland 
and  the  banks  of  streams. 

Summer,  besides  being  the  time  to  study  the  Ferns,  is  the 
time  also  to  notice  the  fruit  of  the  spring  wild-flowers. 
The  winged  fruit  of  the  Striped  Maple,  {Acer  Pennsylva- 
nicum),  growing  in  drooping  clusters,  becomes  at  last  a 
deep  red  as  beautiful  as  a  flower. 

The  low  straggling  branches  of  the  American  Yew, 
{Taxiis  Canadensis),  looking  like  Hemlock,  and  so  easily 
neglected,  bear  now  and  then  underneath,  the  bright  red, 
berry-like  fruit,  with  a  single  large  black  seed. 

The  splendid  Cardinal  Flower,  (^Lobelia  Cardinalis  , 
blooms  in  July  and  August,  and  Golden-Rod  {Solidago),  a 
little  later.  Of  Golden-Rod,  there  are  50  American  va- 
rieties, and  even  more  of  its  companion,  the  Aster. 

In  September  the  Witch-Hazel,  {Hamarnelis  Virginica), 
comes  out  with  short  gold  fringe  along  its  gray  boughs. 
Its  leaves  wither  and  fall,  but  the  gold  petals  glint  in  the 
paler  gold  of  November's  sun  and  it  does  not  fruit  till 
spring  and  the  new  year  of  flowers  comes  again. 


156 


OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 


Reference  has  already  been  made  to  the  catalogues  of 
Dr.  Knieskern  and  Mr.  Paine,  .and  the  herbaria  of  Dr. 
Sartwell  and  Mr.  Hunt.      (See  XI.) 


PLANTS  USED  BY  MAN. 

Ginseng,  {Aralia  quinquefolia),  was  an  article  of   trade 

from  the  earliest  history  of  the  region.      The  Indians  gath- 

T.  w.  Dwight       (^  j|.  f  J    ^     English  traders,  and  they,  in  turn,  sold 

in  Trans.  O.  !-.'./' 

H.  S.,  1881,  p 

76. 


Johnson's 
Cyc. 


G.  A.  Clark. 


it  to  the  Chinese,  who  made  many  preparations  from  the 
root.  The  settlers  of  Clinton  paid  in  Ginseng  for  the 
timely  help  of  Isaac  Paris.  (See  VII.).  It  has  much  de- 
creased in  quantity,  but  being  worth  from  three  to  four 
dollars  a  pound,  is  still  gathered  with  profit.  About  i  50 
J.  H.  sheehan.  pounds  are  annually  sent  from  Utica  to  New  York,  for 
shipment  to  China. 

Basket-making  from  varieties  of  Willow,  and  from  Ash 
splints,  was  once  largely  carried  on  in  the  homes  of 
French,  German,  and  Italian  families,  and  plantations  of 
Willow  were  to  be  found  along  the  Mohawk,  but  though 
such  baskets  and  hampers  are  still  sold,  the  regular  man- 
ufacture of  them  has  ceased. 

The  osiers  were  formerly  gathered,  fagoted,  and  sent  to 
New  York  for  manufacture,  but  this  is  no  longer  done. 

The  Bleecker  Plum  was  introduced  here  from  Albany 
by  Judge  Morris  S.  Miller,  (resident  of  Utica  1806-24). 
He  gave  this  choice  fruit  freely  to  the  gardens  of  his  neigh- 
bors, and  the  descendants  of  these  trees  are  still  found  in 
the  city.  He  was  equally  liberal  in  giving  young  trees 
from  his  fine  apple  orchard,  which  lay  between  the  pres- 
ent West,  Rutger,  Steuben  and  South  Streets. 

About  the  middle  of  the  century,  Rev.  Chauncey  E. 
Goodrich  conducted  at  Utica   a  series   of  interesting  and 


Pioneers,  p. 
ill. 


BOTANY.  157 

valuable  experiments  on    the   Potato.     The  recent   occur- 
rence of  the  Irish  famine,  the   immediate  cause  of  which 
was  the  potato  disease,  gave  special  interest  to  his  labors. 
Procuring  potatoes   from  Chili,  the  home  of  the  plant,  he  po^jgj.,g 
carried  on  his  work  for  sixteen  years,  during  which  time  he  Pres'm.  in 
made  more  than  130  communications  to  agricultural  jour- pp  ^jg.,' 
nals  and  scientific  magazines.      He  perfected  several  vari- 
eties, by  one  of  which,  as  was  estimated,  he  saved  to  the 
farmers  of  the  country  $2,000,000.      His  generous    spirit 
made  him  indifferent  to  the  wealth  he  might  have  gained,  (Potato.) 
and  a  careful  examination  of  his  accounts  showed  that  his 
own  pecuniary  profit  amounted  to  $50. 

The  twigs  of  Hamamelis  distilled  with  water  yield  the 
well  known  Pond's  extract,  also  known  as  extract  of  Witch 
Hazel.  The  industry  is  extensively  carried  on  at  Trenton 
and  other  places  in  Oneida  County.  The  extract  was  sold 
first  in  Utica.by  Theron  T.  Pond,  about  1844  or  1845. 

At  present  wines  are  made  for  domestic  use  of  dandelion 
blossoms,  ( Taraxaciini  officinale)  ;  Sweet  Elder  blossoms 
or  fruit,  {Sanibttcics  Canadensis)  ;  the  wild  Black  Cherry, 
{Pi'iinus  serotina),  and  the  wild  Grape,  ( J^itis  cordifolia), 
growing  abundantly  along  the  river  bank.  The  Dandelion, 
Milkweed,  [Asclepias  cornnti),  and  in  early  spring,  the 
Marsh  Marigold,  {C alt  ha  palustris),  the  common  weed 
Purslane  {Porttclaca  oleracea),  and  many  other  plants,  are 
used  as  pot-herbs. 

There  are  few  wild  fruits  in  common  use.  The  Blue- 
berry, ( Vaccinium  Pemtsylvanicum  and  Canadense),  grows 
sparsely,  also  the  common  Black  Huckleberry,  {Gayhissacia 
resinosd). 

The  Red  and  Black  Raspberries,  {Rubus  strigosus  and 
occidentalis)  ;  the  High  Blackberry,  {Rubiis  villosus),  and 
wild   Strawberry,  {Fragaria    Virginiana),    are   abundant. 

On  account  of  its  nearness  to   the  southwestern  borders 


158  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

of  the  Adirondacks,  this  region  has  rather  Canadian  than 

Alleghanian  flora.     The  trees  are  principally  beech,  maple, 

hemlock,  and  spruce  ;  the  chestnut  and  the  tulip  tree,  which 

W.L.Ralph    are  common   on   the   same   parallel  not   far  to  the  west, 

and  E.  Bagg,   being  absent.      Peaches,  which  can  be  grown  on  the  Finger 

in  Trans.  O. 

H.  s.,  1887-9,  p.  Lakes,  will  not  usually  ripen   here.     There   are  many  or- 

"*■  chards  of  fine  apples  in  the  vicinity  of  the  city.      Hops  are 

much  cultivated,  and  of  late  the   beet  sugar   industry  has 

become    important.      Indian     corn     grows    well.       Other 

grains  grow  fairly  well ;  but,  where  the  underlying  rock  is 

A.  p.  Bngham  gjg^^y    ^^le  tcuacious,  claycy  soil  is  much   better  suited  to 

in  Trans.  O.  -^  ^  J     J 

H.  s.,  1887.9,     grass,  and  forms  the  finest   pasture   land  of  the  State,   so 
p.  114-  ^|-^g^^  ^l^g    characteristics  of    the    county  are  grazing    and 

dairying  rather  than  the  raising  of  fruits  or  cereals. 

It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  the  Osage  Orange,  (Ma- 
cliira  aurantiaca),  native  in  the  southern  and  southwest- 
ern part  of  the  United  States,  and  used  in  the  north  for 
hedges,  has,  on  a  farm  in  Deerfield,  grown  to  the  height 
of  a  tree  and  has  borne  fruit. 

PLANTS  OF  LOCAL  INTEREST. 

The  people  of  Utica  are  tree-lovers,  and  the  variety  as 
well  as  number  of  trees  in  the  city  is  very  great.  Many 
of  the  Elms  are  of  remarkable  size  and  beauty,  and  this  is 
true  as  well  of  those  in  the  surrounding  country,  noticeably 
those  atChadwicks.  The  Lombardy  Fop\a.r,  [Pc/^ulus  nigra, 
var.  Italica),  was  at  one  time  extensively  planted,  but  has 
almost  disappeared.  Not  graceful,  but  striking  in  appear- 
ance, a  few  specimens  are  still  standing,  as  those  in  front 
of  Mr.  Egbert  Bagg's  house,  planted  in  1806,  and  the  row 
on  College  Hill,  Clinton.  The  city  is  even  too  well  shaded 
for  sanitation,  and  might  add  to  its  officers  a  Forester 
whose  business  it  should  be  to  let  in  sunlight  by  judicious 
tree-trimming.      At  the   same  time,    when  New  York  and 


Saturday  (Ilobe 


WlI.SON   ELM. 


BOTANY.  159 

other  large  cities  have  recognized  the  fact  that  our  trees 
are  agents  of  health,  and  when  their  citizens  are  busy  plant- 
ing trees  in  their  most  arid  streets,  we  should  congratu- 
late ourselves  that,  with  us,  wise  planting  is  no  longer  so 
much  needed  as  wise  pruning.  The  fathers  of  Utica  were 
all  tree-planters.  The  English  Elm,  the  Black  Walnut, 
and  other  species  were  introduced  and  fostered  by  them. 

The  mathematician,  Mr.  George  R.  Perkins,  gave  much 
time  and  thought  to  tree-planting.  On  the  street  which 
he  laid  out,  Sunset  Avenue,  formerly  called  from  him, 
Perkins  Avenue,  he  personally  persuaded  the  city  to  pre- 
serve the  great  Elm  near  Faxton  Hospital.  On  the  grounds 
of  his  home,  where  his  widow  still  resides,  are  several  fine 
Elms.  One  of  these  is  22  feet  in  circumference  above  the 
parting  of  the  roots,  20  feet  in  circumference  six  feet  above 
the  ground,  and  probably  nearly  100  feet  high. 

The  Wilson  Elm,  believed  by  many  to  be  a  tree  of  the 
original  forest,  though  not  more  beautiful  than  many 
others,  is  of  large  size  and  unusual  form.  It  is  "  90  feet  in 
height  ;  about  18  feet  in  circumference  one  foot  from  the 
ground,  and  14  feet  in  circumference  at  the  height  of  six  ?,^!- ^1°^!' 

'~^  J  line  lis,  log 

feet."     The    bole    rises     50    feet     unbranched,    and    the  u.  Herald, 
branches  spread  in  a  picturesquely  gnarled  manner.      This  "°®'°'^  ^ 
Elm  stands  a  little  south  of  the  new  Savings  Bank.      One 
of  our  citizens  bought  the  ground  on  which  it  stands  that 
the  tree  might  thus  be  sure  of  preservation. 

Another  local  plant  celebrity,  now,  we  fear,  no  longer 
living,  is  the  Mountain  Ash  tree  on  the  tower  of  the 
Church  of  the  Reconciliation,  near  the  corner  of  Seneca 
and  Columbia  streets.  How  planted,  how  nourished,  one 
hardly  knows,  but  it  has  become  a  goodly  tree,  and  for 
many  years  bore  flowers  and  fruit  in  its  eyrie  far  above  the 
barren  street. 


l6o  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

ORDERS  OF  PLANTS  FOUND  IN  OR  NEAR  UTICA. 

Of  the  136  orders  of  plants  of  the  Northern  United 
States  given  by  Gray,  (excluding  Cellular  Acrogens),  Utica 
has  representatives  of  95,  as  follows  : 

Family. 

1.  Ranunculaceae, Crowfoot 

2.  Magnoliaceae, Magnolia 

3.  Berberidaceae Barberry 

4.  Nymphaceae, Water-Lily 

5.  Sarraceniaceae, Pitcher-Plants 

6.  Papaveraceae, Poppy 

7.  Fumariaceae, Fumitory 

8.  Cruciferae, Mustard 

9.  Resedaceae, Mignonette 

10.  Violaceae, Violet 

I  r.  Caryophyllaceae, Pink 

12.  Portulacaceae, Purslane 

13.  Hypericaceae, St.    John's-wort 

14.  Malvaceae, Mallow 

I  5.  Tilliaceae, Linden 

16.  Geraniaceae, Geranium 

17.  Rutaceae, Rue 

1 8.  Ilicineae, Holly 

19.  Celastraceae, Staff  Tree 

20.  Rhamnaceae Buckthorn 

2 1 .  Vitaceae Grape 

22.  Sapindaceae, Soapberry 

23.  Anacardiaceae, Cashew 

24.  Polygalaceae, Milkwort 

25.  Leguminosae, Pulse 

26.  Rosaceae, Rose 

27.  Saxifragaceae, Saxifrage 

28.  Crassulaceae, Orpine 


BOTANY.  l6l 

Family, 

29.  Droseraceae, Sundew 

30.  Hamamelideae, Witch-Hazel 

3 1 .  Ly thraceae, Loosestrife 

32.  Onograceae, Evening- Primrose 

33.  Cucurbitaceae Gourd 

34.  Umbelliferae, Parsley 

35.  Araliaceae Ginseng 

36.  Cornaceae, Dogwood 

37.  Caprifoliaceae, Honeysuckle 

38.  Rubiaceae, Madder 

39.  Valerianaceae, Valerian 

40.  Dipsaceae, Teasel 

4 1 .  Compositae, Composite 

42.  Lobeliaceae, Lobelia 

43.  Campanulaceae, Campanula 

44.  Ericaceae Heath 

45 .  Primulaceae, Primrose 

46.  Oleaceae Olive 

47.  Apocynaceae, Dogbane 

48.  Asclepiadaceae, Milkweed 

49.  Gentianaceae, Gentian 

50.  Polemoniaceae, Polemonium 

5 1 .  Hydrophyllaceae, Waterleaf 

52.  Borraginaceae Borage 

53.  Convolvulaceae, Convovulus 

54.  Scrophulariaceae, Figwort 

55.  Lentibulariaceae, Bladderwort 

56.  Verbenaceae, Vervain 

57.  Labiatae, Mint 

58.  Plantaginaceae, Plantain 

59.  Illecebraceae, Knotwort 

60.  Amarantaceae Amaranth 

61.  Chenopodiaceae, Goosefoot 


l62  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Family. 

62.  Phytolaccaceae, Pokeweed 

63.  Polygonaceae, Buckwheat 

64.  Aristolochiaceae, Birthwort 

65.  Piperaceae, Pepper 

66.  Lauraceae, Laurel 

6^.      Thymelaeaceae, Mezereum 

68.  Elaeagnaceae Oleaster 

69.  Loranthaceae, Mistletoe 

70.  Euphorbiaceae, Spurge 

71.  Urticaceae, Nettle 

72.  Platanaceae, Plane-Tree 

73.  Juglandaceae, Walnut 

74.  Myricaceae, Sweet-Gale 

75.  Cupuliferae, Oak 

']6.      Salicaceae, Willow 

']'j.      Coniferae, Pine 

']Z.      Orchidaceae, Orchis 

79.  Iridaceae, Iris 

80.  Liliaceae, Lily 

81.  Pondeteriaceae, Pickerel- Weed 

82.  Commelinaceae, Spiderwort 

83.  Juncaceae, Rush 

84.  Typhaceae, Cat-Tail 

85.  Araceae, Arum 

86.  Lemnaceae, Duckweed 

87.  Alismaceae, Water-Plantain 

88.  Naiadaceae, Pondweed 

89.  Cyperaceae, Sedge 

90.  Gramineae, Grass 

9 1 .  Equisetaceae, Horsetail 

92.  Filices, , Ferns 

93.  Ophioglossaceae, Adder's-Tongue 

94.  Lycopodiaceae, Club-Moss 

95.  Selaginellaceae,    A  Family  allied  to  the  Club  Mosses 


XVIII. 
BIRDS. 

[Data  kindly  furnished  by  Mr.  Egbert  Bagg.] 

THE  geographical  location  of  the  city,  on  the  confines  of 
the  Adirondack  wilderness,  and  the  climatic  conditions 
which  result  from  this  location,  naturally  lead  us  to  look 
for  a  bird  fauna  largely  Canadian,  and  such  we  find  ours  to 
be,  many  of  our  summer  residents  being  of  species  which 
breed  far  north  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

The  area  of  the  city  proper  is  so  small,  and  so  generally 
occupied  for  business  and  residence  purposes,  that  the 
"  Birds  of  Utica  "  must  include  the  birds  of  the  immediate 
vicinity.  There  are  about  175  species  which  occur  within 
such  limits.  These  may  be  divided  into:  "Residents" 
(those  which  remain  with  us  the  year  around,  not  always 
the  same  individuals,  but  the  same  species),  9  ;  "  Summer 
Residents  "  (those  which  spend  the  summer  with  us,  but 
not  the  winter,  and  breed  with  us),  76;  "  Winter  Visit- 
ors," (which  come  down  from  the  colder  north,  where 
they  live  and  breed  during  the  summer),  8  ;  "Migrants" 
(those  which  pass  through,  going  north  to  breed  in  the 
spring,  and  passing  south  to  warmer  climates  in  the  fall), 
64  ;  and  ' '  Stragglers  "  (those  which  have  occasionally  been 
seen,  but  are  far  out  of  their  usual  habitat),   18. 

Of  these  175,  there  are  at  least  98  species  which  every 
boy  and  girl  should  know,  including  a  few  which,  although 
comparatively  rare,  are  of  sufficient  interest  to  be  named 
in  our  list.  They  are  divided  into:  "  Residents,"  9  ; 
"Winter  Visitors,"  3;  "Summer  Residents,"  65;  and 
"  Migrants,"  21. 


164  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Omitting  the  "  Stragglers,"  the  Orders  and  Families  are 
represented  by  famihar  birds  according  to  the  following 
list.  The  common  names  used  are  those  generally  ac- 
cepted in  this  locality.  The  scientific  names  are  taken 
from  the  Check-list  of  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union, 
2d  Edition. 

LIST. 

Abbreviations :  R.,  Resident.  S.  R.,  Summer  Resident.  W.  V., 
Winter  Visitor.  M.,  Migrant.  C.  indicates  that  the  bird  is  often  found 
in  the  settled  parts  of  the  city.  Many  others  are  occasionally  seen  in 
streets  and  gardens. 

The  figures  following  indicate  the  average  length  of  the  bird  in 
inches,  taken  as  follows  :  A  dead  specimen  is  laid  upon  its  back  with 
its  neck  extended,  but  not  stretched,  and  the  distance  measured  from 
the  tip  of  its  bill  to'the  end  of  its  tail. 

ORDER  I.      PYGOPODES,  (Divers). 

Family  Podicipidae,  (Grebes). 

I.  Pied-billed  Grebe  or  Dab-chick,  [Podilyinbus  podi- 
ceps).      S.  R.,  I3i. 

Eminently  aquatic,  rarely  venturing  upon  land  ;  de- 
pends for  safety  on  its  skill  as  a  diver. 

ORDER  II.  LONGIPENNES,  (Long-winged  Swim- 
mers). 

Family  Laridae,  (Gulls). 

I.  American  Herring  Gull,  {Larus  argentatus  smith- 
sonianus).      M.,  24. 

Large  white  Gull,  with  light  blue  mantle  and  black  wing- 
tips. 

ORDER  V.     ANSERES,  (Swimmers). 
Family  Anatidae,  (Ducks,  Geese  and  Swans). 
Sub-family  Anatinae,  (Dabblers,  River  and  Pond  Ducks). 
I.      Mallard,  [Anas  bos c has).      M.,  23. 


BIRDS.  165 

Drake  has  green  head.  Duck  is  brown.  Feet  red. 
Ancestor  of  domestic  duck. 

2.  Dusky  Duck,  (Anas  obscura).  M.,  22.  Like  duck 
of  No.   I,  but  darker. 

3.  Green-winged  Teal,  {Anas  carolinensis).  M.  14^. 
Small.  Drake  has  chestnut  head  with  green  stripe  on 
each  side.      Duck  is  brownish. 

4.  Blue-winged  Teal,  (y^;m.y  ^/5c^r.y).  M.,  16.  Small, 
Distinguished  by  large  light  blue  wing-patch. 

5.  Wood  Duck,  {Aix  s pons  a).      M.,   18^. 

Drake  has  wonderful  combination  of  gorgeous  colors  ; 
head  dark  green,  purple  and  white,  with  long  crest  ;  breast 
maroon  with  white  spots.  Duck,  grayish  with  white 
throat.      Nests  in  hollow  trees. 

Sub-family  Fuligulinae.      (Bay  and  Sea  Ducks). 

1.  Greater  Scaup  Duck,  {Ay  thy  a  marila  nearticd). 
M.,  20.  Large.  Black  head  and  breast ;  broad,  blue  bill  ; 
"canvas"  back. 

2.  Lesser  Scaup  Duck,  {Ay  thy  a  affinis).  M.,  17. 
Similar,  but  smaller. 

The  Scaup  Ducks  are  more  commonly  called  "Black 
Heads,"  or   "  Blue  Bills." 

3.  Golden  Eye  or  Whistler,  {Glaiuionctta  clangula 
americana).      M.,  20. 

Drake,  black  and  white.      Duck  has  snuff-colored  head. 

4.  Buffle  Head  or  Butter  Ball,  {Charito7ietta  albeold). 
M.,  I4i 

Drake  very  small  ;  black  and  white.      Duck  dusky. 
Sub-family  Anserinae,  (Geese). 
I.      Wild  Goose,  {Branta  canade7isis).      M.,  40. 
Black  neck    and  brown    body.      Migrates    in  V-shaped 
flocks,   "honking"  as  it  flies. 


1 66  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

ORDER  VII.      HERODIONES,  (Herons,  Storks,  etc.). 
Family  Ardeidae,  (Herons  and  Bitterns). 

1.  Bittern,  {Botaurus  lejitiginosus^.      S.  R.,  28. 
Solitary,  in  grassy  marshes.      Streaked  yellowish  brown. 

2.  Great  Blue  Heron,  {A  fdea  /lerodias).      S.  R.,  48. 
Incorrectly    called    "crane."     Breeds   in    colonies,  but 

feeds    alone  ;  wades  cautiously  in  rivers,  etc.  ;  flies  flap- 
ping over  the  water  with  legs  trailing  behind. 

3.  Green  Heron,  (Ardea  virescens).      S.  R. ,   17. 
Much    smaller.     Dark  greenish.      Solitary,     (never    in 

flocks).     Along  wooded  shores. 

ORDER  VIII.    PALUDICOLAE,  (Cranes,  Rails,  etc.,). 
Family  Rallidae,  (Rails,  etc.,). 
I.      Sora  Rail,  (Porzana  caroli?ia).      S.  R. ,  8^. 
Fresh  water  marshes.      Keeps  well  hidden  ;  makes  very 
short  flights  to  cover. 

ORDER  IX.      LIMICOLAE,  (Shorebirds,  etc.). 
Family  Scolopacidae,  (Snipes,  Sandpipers,  etc.). 

1.  American  Woodcock,  {Philokela  minor).      S.  R.,   11. 
Wooded  lands   or   cornfields    with  soft,  moist  earth  in 

which  it  may  probe  for  worms.      Nocturnal. 

2.  Wilson's   Snipe,     {Gallijiago    delicata.).      M.,    iij. 
Long  neck  and   long  bill.      Tan-color.      Water-soaked, 

fresh  water  meadows,  where  hillocks  or  grasses  make  con- 
cealment possible. 

3.  Gre^iexYeWov^legs,  {Tot anns  inela7iole2ic7is).    M.,  14. 
Gray,  black  and  white  streaked.     Very  long  yellow  legs. 

4.  Summer  Yellowlegs,  {Totanus  flavipcs).      M.,   lof. 
Similar  but  much  smaller.      Commoner  and  less   wary. 

5.  Spotted  Sandpiper  or  Tip-up,    {Actitis  macularid). 
S.  R.,  7\. 

Gray.      Running  and   flying   along  streams  and  tipping 
up  and  down. 


BIRDS.  167 

Family  Charadriidae,  f Plovers). 
I.      Killdeer  Plover,  {Aegialitis  vocifera).    S.  R.,  7^. 
Named  from   its   cry.      Black  rin^  around   neck,  orange 
rump. 

ORDER  X.      GALLINAE,  (Gallinaceous  Birds). 

Family  Tetraonidae,  (Grouse). 

I.      Ruffed   Grouse,    {Bonasa   umbellus).      R. ,    17. 

Incorrectly  called  ' '  partridge. "  Reddish  brown  and  gray ; 
black  ruffs  on  each  side  of  neck.  Fan-like  tail  gray,  with 
broad,  black  band.  Drumming  caused  by  rapid  beating 
of  wings.      Only  male  bird  drums. 

ORDER  XI.      COLUMBAE,  (Pigeons  and  Doves). 
Family  Columbidae,  (Pigeons  and  Doves). 

1.  Passenger  Pigeon,  {Ectopistes  migratorius).  M., 
16I. 

Now  almost  extinct,  but  once  very  common.  Borders 
of  woodland,  often  on  ground. 

2.  Mourning  Dove,  {Zenaidura  macroura).  Locally 
very  rare,  but  S.  R.  a  short  distance  west.      ii|. 

ORDER  XII.      RAPTORES,  (Birds  of  Prey). 

Family  Falconidae,  (Falcons). 

All  our  diurnal  birds  of  prey  belong  to  this  family. 

1.  Marsh  Hawk,  {Circus  hudsonius).      S.  R. ,  20. 
Male,   li^ht   bluish  gray  ;  female,  rusty  brown  streaked. 

Beneficial  to  man.      Flies  low  over  ground  in  places  not 
wooded. 

2.  Sharp-shinned  Hawk,  {Accipiter  vclox).    S.  R.,   11, 

i3i 

Similar  to  No.   i.  but  smaller. 

3.  Cooper's  Hawk,  {Accipiter  cooperii).     S.  R.,  15,  19. 
Bluish  gray  above,  barred  with  rufous  below.      Swift  of 

flight.      Dangerous  to  birds  and  small  poultry. 


l68  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

2.  and  3.  are  lon^  tailed  species.  Male  much  smaller 
than  female. 

4.  Red-tailed  Hawk,  {Buteo  borealis).      S.  R. ,  2i|. 
Blackish  brown  ;   upper  side  of  tail  bright  rufous.      Bird 

of  the  woods.      Harmless  to  man. 

5.  Red-shouldered  Hawk,  [Buteo  ItJieatns).     S.R.,  19. 
Reddish  brown  and  cinnamon  ;  tail  black,  crossed   by  6 

white  bands.      Habitat  same  as  that  of  No.  4. 

4.  and  5.  are  far  the  commonest  of  our  Hawks.  They 
are  large,  and  are  known  as  "Hen  Hawks."  Yet  it  is  2 . 
and  3.  that  do  the  harm. 

6.  Broad-winged  Hawk,  {Buteo  latissinnis).     S.  R.  ,16. 
Dusky  brownish  ;  tail  crossed  by  broad  bands  of  blackish 

and  white. 

7.  Sparrow  Hawk,  {Falco  sparverius).      S.  R. ,  10. 
Small.      Short-tailed.      Frequents    dead   trees  in    open 

fields. 

Family    Bubonidae,    (Horned  Owls,  Hoot  Owls,  etc.). 

1.  Long-eared  Owl,  [Asio  zvilsonianus).      R. ,   15. 
Dusky  to  tawny.      Conspicuous    "  horns  "  or  "ears"  of 

feathers.      Nocturnal  ;  by  day  in   thick  woods.      Destroys 
rodents. 

2.  Short-eared  Owl,  {Asio  acctpitrinus).      M.,   15^-. 
Bright  tawny  to  buffy.      Ear-tufts  inconspicuous.       Not 

so   nocturnal    as    No.    i.      Grassy     marshes.       Flies    low. 
Deserves  protection  as  destroyer  of  rodents  and  insects. 

3.  Barred  Owl,  [Syrtiiiim  nebitlosuvi).      R.,  20. 
Large.      No  ear-tufts.     Brown  and  white  barred. 

4.  Screech  Owl,  {Megascops  asio).      R.,  9^. 

Small.  Ear-tufts  conspicuous.  Two  totally  distinct 
plumages,  having  no  relation  to  age,  sex  or  season  ;  one 
grayish,  the  other  reddish.  Perhaps  our  most  common 
owl. 

5.  Great  Horned  Owl,  {Bubo  virginianus).      R.,  23. 


BIRDS.  169 

Ear-tufts  conspicuous.  Varied,  buffy  and  tawny.  The 
only  owl  that  destroys  poultry  and  birds  in  any  num- 
ber. Largest  and  fiercest  of  our  Raptores.  Heavy 
forests. 

ORDER  XIV.  COCCYGES,  (Cuckoos  and  Kingfish- 
ers^. 

Family  Cuculidae,  (Cuckoos). 

I.  Black-billed  Cuckoo,  {Coccysus  erythrophthalnius). 
S.  R.,   12. 

Long,  slender,  dove-like.  Mostly  in  low  trees.  Eats 
tent  caterpillars. 

Our  cuckoos  differ  from  their  European  cousins  in  that 
they  do  not  usually  lay  eggs  in  other  birds'  nests,  (though 
they 'have  been  known  to  do  so). 

Family  Alcedinidae,  (Kingfishers). 

I.      Belted  Kingfisher,  {Ceryle  alcyon).      S.  R.,    13. 

Blue  above,  white  below.  Broad  band  across  breast  ; 
large  head  and  bill.      Shores  of  streams  or  ponds. 

ORDER  XV.     PICI,  (Woodpeckers). 
Family  Picidae,  (Woodpeckers). 

1.  Downy  Woodpecker,  {Dryobates  piibescens.)  R., 
c,  6|. 

Small.  Black  and  white  spotted.  Sociable.  On  tree 
trunks. 

2.  Red-headed  Woodpecker,  {Melanerpes  erythro- 
cephalus).      S.  R.,  9|. 

Black  and  white,  with  bright  red  head. 

3.  Flicker  or  Highhole,  {Colaptes  aiiratus).     S.  R.,  12. 
Scarlet  band  on  back  of  neck  ;  shafts  and  undersides  of 

wing  feathers  yellow.      Somewhat  terrestrial. 

Drumming  of  woodpeckers  made  with  bills  on  resonant 
dead  limbs. 


I70  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

ORDER  XVI.  MACROCHIRES, (Goatsuckers,  Swifts 
and  Hummingbirds). 

Family  Caprimulgidae,  (Goatsuckers).  So  called  from 
an  ancient  notion  that  these  birds  obtained  goat's  milk  for 
food. 

I.      Nighthawk,  {Chordeiles  virginianus).    S.  R.,  c,  lO. 
Black  and   white  ;  white   patch  on  wing.      Often   seen 
sky-coasting  over  the   city  on  cloudy  days  or  in  the  even- 
ing.    Sometimes  nests  on  the  gravel  roofs  of  houses  in  the 
city.      Loud,  nasal  call. 

Family  Micropodidae,  (Swifts). 

I.      Chimney  Swift,  {Chaetura  pelagicd).    S.  R. ,  c,  5^- 

Not  a    "Swallow."     Bow-and-arrow-like    form  against 

the  sky,  whenever  the  sun  is  not  too  strong.      Builds  mostly 

in  chimneys,  where  it  attaches  its   nest   to  the  brickwork 

by  a  glue  which  it  produces  in  its  own  salivary  glands. 

Family  Trochilidae,  (Hummingbirds).  Found  in  the 
New  World  only. 

I.  Ruby-throated  Hummingbird,  i^Trochilus  colubris). 
S.  R.,  c,  3|. 

Changeable  green  above  with  ruby-red,  metallic  throat. 
The  only  one  of  the  400  species  of  Hummingbirds  which 
is  found  in  the  U.  S.  east  of  the  Mississippi.  Tiny,  beau- 
tiful, and  fearless.  Near  honeysuckle  or  trumpet-vine,  or 
in  flower  gardens,  but  not  in  evening.  Should  not  be  con- 
founded with  spinx  moth.  Feeds  largely  on  insects,  but  to 
some  extent  also  on  honey  and  juices  of  flowers.  Perches 
in  trees,  high  above  the  ground. 

ORDER  XVH.      PASSERES.  (Perching  Birds). 
Family  Tyrannidae,  (Flycatchers). 

I.      King   Bird   or  Bee  Bird,  {Tyrannus   tyrannus).     S. 
R.,  8.^. 


BIRDS.  171 

Gray,  with  white  breast  and  broad  white  band  across 
fan-Hke  tail. 

2.  Great  Crested  Flycatcher,  {Myiarchus  crinitus). 
S.  R.,  9- 

Crested.  Slate  breast  ;  sulphur  yellow  below.  A  wood 
bird,  but  often  nests  in  orchards.  Has  the  singular  habit 
of  placing  the  cast  off  skin  of  a  snake  in  its  nest. 

3.  Phoebe,  (Sayor?its  phoebe).      S.  R.,  c,  7. 
Grayish    brown    with    olive    cast.      Friendly  to  man  ; 

perches  often  near  houses,  on  gates,  etc.  ;  builds  nest  in 
porches,  on  rafters  in  barns,  etc.  ;  also  on  rocks  under 
bridges.      Eats  many  insects  injurious  to  vegetation. 

4.  Wood  Pewee,  {Contopus  virens).      S.  R.,  6^. 
Similar,  but  darker   and   smaller.      Lives  in   forest  and 

shade  trees.      Sweet  notes  all  day,  even  in  mid-summer. 

5.  Least  Flycatcher,    {Enipido7iax  minimus).      S.    R. , 

Si- 

Similar    in    color,  but  even  smaller.      Distinguished  by 

strong,  short  note.      Frequents  orchards  and  gardens. 

Family  Alaudidae,  (Larks). 

I.      Prairie  Horned  Lark,  {Otocoris  alpestris praticold). 

s.  R.,  ^\. 

Walks  instead  of  hopping.  Black  markings  about  head, 
and  black  crescent  under  throat.  Two  little  feather  horns. 
The  first  of  our  summer  residents  to  arrive  in  the  spring, 
often  building  its  nest  before  the  snow  has  left  us.  In 
flocks,  or  running  singly,  on  ground  in  open  places. 

Family  Corvidae,  (Crows  and  Jays). 

1.  Blue  Jay,  [Cyanocitta  cristatd).      R.,   ii|. 
Crested.      Bright  gray  blue  ;  forehead,  back  of  neck,  and 

breast,  black.  Is,  without  doubt,  a  bird's  nester  of  the 
worst  kind,  being  very  fond  of  eggs  and  young  birds.  So- 
ciable and  very  intelligent. 

2.  Crow,  {Corvus  americamis),      R.,  c,   \\\. 


1/2  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Black.  Domestic,  droll  and  very  cunning.  Does  farmers 
more  good  than  harm. 

Family  Icteridae,  (Blackbirds,  Orioles,  etc.). 

1.  Bobolink,  {Doliconix  orysivorus).      S.  R.,  ']\. 

Male  in  spring,  black,  white  and  buff  ;  male  later,  fe- 
male and  young,  olive  buff,  streaked  with  dark  brown. 
Fields  and  meadows  in  May  and  June.  On  quivering  wing, 
sings  to  his  mate  on  her  nest  in  the  grass  ;  perches  in  tops 
of  orchard  trees. 

2.  Cowbird,  {Molothrns  ater).     S.  R.,  8. 

Male,  shiny  black  with  brown  head  ;  j  female,  dark 
brownish  streaked.  American  representative  of  European 
Cuckoo  in  the  curious  habit  of  laying  its  eggs  in  the  nests 
of  other  birds  and  leaving  foster  parents  to  rear  its  young. 

3.  Red-winged  Blackbird,  {^Agtlaiiis  phoeniceus).  S. 
R.,  91. 

Male,  black  with  red,  buff-bordered  epaulettes  ;  female, 
blackish  and  buffy  streaked. 

4.  Meadowlark,  {Sttirnella  magna).     S.  R. ,  io|. 
Breast   bright   yellow,  with  large  black  crescent  ;   outer 

tail   feathers   white,    showing   when    he   flies.      Frequents 
pastures  and  meadows.     Clear  whistle. 

5.  Baltimore  Oriole,  [Icterus  galbula).      S.  R. ,  c,  ']\. 
Male,  orange  and  black,  the  colors  of  Lord  Baltimore  ; 

female,  yellowish  and  brownish.      Builds   pendulous   nest, 
usually  at  extreme  end  of  drooping  branch  of  elm. 

6.  Bronzed  Crackle  or  Crow  Blackbird,  {Qiiiscahis 
quiscula  aeneiis).      S.  R.,  c,   13. 

Blackish  ;  head  of  male  purple  and  green,  metallic  and 
changeable.  Arrives  in  small  flocks  ;  sometimes  nests  in 
colonies. 

Family  Fringillidae,  (Sparrows,  Finches,  Grosbeaks, 
etc.).     A  great  family. 

I.      Pine  Grosbeak,  {Pinicola  emicleator).    W.  V.,  9. 


BIRDS.  173 

Lar^e.  Male,  rosy  red  ;  female,  slaty  gray.  Sum- 
mer home  in  coniferous  forests  of  the  north  ;  visits  us  oc- 
casionally in  mid-winter,  when  he  is  particularly  attracted 
by  Mountain  Ash  berries. 

2.  V\ir^\e¥mch,  [Carpodactis purpureus).    S.  R.,c.,6;^. 
Male,    rose  red  on  head,  rump  and  breast  ;  color  fading 

away  to  brown  :     female,    brownish.     Often  in  evergreens 
of  the  city.      Eats  fruit  buds. 

3.  House  Sparrow  or  English  Sparrow,  [Passer  donies- 
ticus).      R.  c,  6\. 

Male,  breast  black,  shoulders  chestnut ;  female,  grayish 
brown.  Imported  from  Europe.  Lives  with  us  in  flocks 
all  winter,  but  has  doubtless  driven  away  our  own  birds. 

4.  Goldfinch,  or  Yellowbird,  {Spiiius  tristis).  S.  R. , 
c,    5. 

Yellow,  with  black  cap,  wings  and  tail.  A  rising  and 
falling  flight. 

5.  Snowflake  or  White  Snowbird,  {Plectrophenax  niva- 
lis).     W.  v.,  6|. 

Rusty  brown,  black  and  white,  white  predominating. 
Visits  us  in  flocks,  usually  during  prolonged  snowstorms. 
A  bird  of  the  ground. 

6.  Vesper  Sparrow,  {Poocaetes  gramincus).      S.  R.,  6. 
Brown  streaked  ;    two   white  feathers  in  tail.      Pastures 

and  along  roads. 

7.  Tree  Sparrow,  {Spizella  monticola).     M.,  c,  6\. 

Red  cap  ;  two  white  chevrons  on  each  wing  ;  breast 
grayish. 

8.  Chipping  Sparrow,  [Spizella  socialis).  S.  R. ,  c. , 
5i- 

Known  by  his  little  red  skull-cap.  Loves  human  soci- 
ety ;  prefers  to  nest  near  dwellings  of  men. 

9.  Field  Sparrow,  {Spizella  pusilla).      S.    R.,  51. 


174  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Bright  rufous  plain  breast  and  pink  bill.  Fields  and 
pastures.      Pleasing  song. 

10.  Slate-colored  Junco  or  Black  Snowbird,  [Junco 
hyevialis).      M.,  c,  6 J. 

Back,  throat  and  breast,  slate  color  ;  white  below. 
Seen  in  flocks  migrating. 

11.  Song  Sparrow,    {Melospisa  fasciatd).      S.    R.,  c, 

Brown  with  spotted  breast,  the  spots  uniting  in  centre  to 
form  a  breast-pin.  Often  the  first  spring  arrival.  Sweet 
and  varied  song.      Fearless  and  friendly. 

12.  Rose-breasted  Grosbeak,  [Habia  liidoviciand). 
S.  R.,    8. 

Male,  black  and  white  with  rose  breast ;  has  a  beau- 
tiful carol  :  female,  grayish  brown.  Loves  second 
growths. 

13.  Indigo-bird,  {Passerina  cyanca).      S.  R. ,  5^^. 
Male,    bright    dark    blue  ;     female,    grayish   brown    and 

rufous.      Clumps  of  bushes  in  clearings  or  old  pastures. 

Family  Tanagridae,  (Tanagers). 

1.      ^Q.'Ax\Q.\.T2C[i-A.gQ.x:,  [Piranga  erythroniclas\    S.  R. ,  7j. 

Most  brilliant  of  all  our  birds.  Male,  scarlet  with  black 
wings  and  tail  ;  female,  olive  green.      Dense  woods. 

Family  Hirundinidae,  (Swallows). 

1.  Purple  Martin,  {P rogue  siibis).      S.  R.,  8. 
Formerly    common,    now    rare.      Shining    blue-black  ; 

wings  and  tail  duller.    Builds  in  boxes  and  holes  in  houses. 

2.  Cliff  Swallow,  {PetrocJiclidon  lunifrons).      S.  R. ,  6. 
Whitish  crescent  on  forehead  ;  rufous  rump   and   short, 

square  tail.      Builds  mud  nest  under  eaves  of  barns.     Eats 
enormous  quantities  of  insects. 

3.  Barn  Swallow,  {CJielidon  erytJirogastj-d).     S.  R.,  7. 
Builds  inside  barns.      Insect  eater  of  first  rank. 

4.  Tree  Swallow,  {Tachycineta  bicolor).      S.  R. ,  c,  6. 


BIRDS.  175 

Steel  blue  above,  white  below.  Builds  in  holes  in  trees 
or  sometimes  in  houses. 

5.     Bank  Swallow,  [Clivicola  i-iparia).     S.  R.,  5^. 

Brownish  gray  above,  white  beneath.  Builds  in  holes 
which  it  excavates  in  sand  banks.  In  colonies,  generally 
near  water. 

Family  Ampelidae,  (Waxwings). 

I.  Cedar  Bird  or  Cherry  Bird,  {Ampelis  cedroruni). 
S.  R.,  c,   I4i. 

Crested  ;  fawn  colored  ;  red  sealing-wax-like  append- 
ages to  wing  feathers.  Builds  in  the  Cedar  and  dines  in 
the  Cherry  tree.  Seen  often  during  winter  feeding  on 
Mountain  Ash  berries  in  yards  of  the  city. 

Family  Laniidae,  (Shrikes). 

1.  Great  Northern  Shrike  or  Butcher  Bird,  {Lanius 
bore  alls).      W.  V.,   \o\. 

Gray,  wings  and  tail  black  with  some  white.  Feeds  on 
mice  and  small  birds  which  he  impales  on  a  thorn  or  fence 
barb,  or  hangs  in  a  crotch.  On  very  top  of  our  shade  trees 
in  mid-winter,  watching  for  English  Sparrows. 

2.  White-rumped  Migrant  Shrike.  {Lanius  hidovi- 
cianus  exciibitorides).      S.  R. ,  9. 

Smaller ;     blue  gray  ;     wings  and  tail  black,  with  some 
white  feathers.      In  habits  similar  to  No.  i. 
Family  Vireonidae,   (Vireos). 

1.  Red-eyed  Vireo,  {Vireo  olivaceus).      S.  R.,  6\. 
Light  olive  green  ;  white  stripe   over  red  eye.      Pensile 

nest  in  outer  fork  of  horizontal  limb  ;  not  high. 

2.  Warbling  Vireo,  {Vireo  gilvus').     S.  R.,  c,  5|. 
Small.      Ashy    olive    green  ;     below,    yellowish    white. 

Upper  branches  of   shade  trees.      More   often   heard   than 
seen. 

Family  Mniotiltidae,  (Wood  Warblers). 

Represented  by  a  number  of   the  most  beautiful  of   our 


176  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

birds,  mostly  of  small  size  and  retiring  nature,  so  that  they 
are  overlooked  by  many,  though  perhaps  the  most  attrac- 
tive birds  we  have. 

1.  Yellow  Warbler,  {Dcndroica  acstivd).      S.  R. ,c.,  5. 
Bright    yellow,    streaked    with    darker.       Sociable    and 

friendly.     Builds  beautiful  soft  nest  in  fork  of  bush. 

2.  Myrtle  or  Yellow-rumped  Warbler,  {^Dendroica  cor- 
onata).      M.,    5|. 

Bluish  gray  streaked  with  black,  a  yellow  patch  on 
rump,  crown,  and  each  side  of  breast. 

3.  Chestnut-sided  Warbler,  {Dendroica  pennsylv an- 
ted).     S.  R. ,  5. 

Crown,  yellow  ;  body,  olive  green,  black  and  white  ; 
sides,  chestnut.  Second  growths,  scrubby  clearings,  or 
borders  of  woodlands. 

4.  Oven  Bird,    {Seijirus  aurocapilius).      S.  R.,  6. 
Brownish  olive  green  ;  golden    crown.      On    ground   in 

thick  woods.  Builds  a  covered  nest  on  ground,  very  diffi  - 
cult  to  find. 

5.  Maryland  Yellow-throat,    {Geothlypis  trie  has).      S. 

R.,  Si- 

Back,  olive  ;  breast  and  throat,  yellow  ;  a  black  mask 
on  forehead  and  sides  of  head.  Low,  damp  thickets. 
Retiring  and  shy. 

6.  Redstart,  {Setophaga  ruticilla).      S.  R. ,  5^. 
Male,    black  and  salmon  red  ;     female,    black  and    yel- 
low.     Woodlands.      Easily  recognized. 

Family  Troglodytidae,  (Thrashers,  Wrens,  etc.). 

1.  Catbird,  {Galeoscoptes  carolincnsis).      S.    R,,    c,  9. 
Slaty  gray  ;     crown   black  ;    rump    chestnut.       A   trim 

Quakerish  bird.  Intelligent  and  friendly.  Has  a  charm- 
ing song  besides  its  harsh,  cat-like  note. 

2.  House  Wren,  {Troglodytes  aedon).      S.  R. ,  5. 

A  small,  saucy,  cinnamon  brown  bird,  with   his  tail  up 


BIRDS.  177 

in  the  ail".  Sociable.  Builds  in  boxes  and  crevices,  as  hol- 
lows in  trees. 

Family  Certhiidae,  (Creepers). 

I.  Brown  Creeper,  [Certhia  familiaris  americand). 
M.,    51- 

Small ;  pepper  and  salt  color  ;  runs  up  and  down  trunks 
of  trees,  head  up  or  down,  as  is  most  convenient. 

Family  Paridae,  (Nuthatches  and  Titmice). 

1 .  White-breasted  Nuthatch,  {Sitta  carolinensis). 
R.,  c.  6. 

Bluish  gray  back  ;  black  crown ;  white  below.  In 
summer  in  forests  ;  in  winter  comes  into  the  city,  where 
it  runs  up  and  down  tree  trunks,  searching  for  insects  and 
their  eggs  in  crevices  of  bark. 

2,  Chickadee,  {Partis  atricapillus).      R. ,  c,   5^. 
Very  small  ;   ashy  blue  ;  head  black  ;   lower  parts  white. 

In  summer  in  woods,  where  he  raises  a  large  family  in  a 
hole  in  a  tree  ;  in  winter  very  sociable,  running  about 
shade  trees,  head  up  or  down,  and  continually  repeating 
his  own  name. 

Family  Turdidae,  (Thrushes,  Bluebird,  etc  ) 

1.  Wilson's  Thrush  or  Veery,  {Turdus  fuscescens).  S. 
R..   7i 

Cinnamon  brown  ;  breast  white  with  wedge-shaped, 
brown  spots  on  sides.  Our  common  thrush  of  the  woods. 
Low,  thick,  marshy  woods. 

2.  Hermit  Thrush,  {Tardus  aojtalaschkac  pallasii). 
M.,   7i. 

Olive  brown  above  ;  breast  yellowish  white  with  round 
black  spots  ;  tail  rufous.  Home  farther  north.  Pure, 
sweet  song. 

3.  Robin,  {Merula  viigratorid).      S.  R.  ,c.,   10. 

Our  best  known  and  most  universally  popular  bird.     Ar- 


178  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

rives  among  the  first,  and  is  the  most  sociable  and  famihar 
of  all. 

4.      Bluebird,  (^Sialia  sia/ts).     S.  R. ,  c. ,  7. 

Carries  our  national  colors.  Back,  bright  blue  ;  breast, 
cinnamon  red  ;  below,  white.  One  of  our  early  birds. 
Fond  of  orchards  and  gardens.  Builds  in  holes  and 
boxes. 


ADDITIONS  AND    CORRECTIONS. 


Pa^e  47. — January,  1900.  The  deaths  of  two  more 
Oneida  County  soldiers  in  the  Philippines  have  recently 
been  reported  in  the  papers. 

Page  50.  —  Trento7i.      Presbyterian  Church   of    Holland  u.  Herald. 
Patent;  organized   December  16,   1799.     Centennial,  De- °®'^- '5> '^sw- 
cember  14,  1899. 

Page  '6']. — After  Isaac  S.  Hartley  insert — 

Albert  Barnes,  (i  798-1 870)  ;  b.  Rome  ;  Hamilton, 
'20.     Commentator  on  the  Scriptures  ;  well  known  on  both 

'■  Johnson'sCyc. 

sides  of  the  Atlantic.  Notes  on  tJie  New  Testament,  11 
vols.,  said  to  have  reached  a  circulation  of  over  a  million. 
Commentaries  on  Isaiah,  Job,  Daniel,  Psalms;  The 
Church  and  Slavery ;  The  Atonement  in  its  Relations  to 
Law  and  Moral  Government ;  Life  at  Three  Score  and 
Ten. 

Samuel  KiRKLAND  Lothrop,   (1804-1886);  b.   Whites- 
boro  ;   Harvard,    '25.     Grandson  of  Samuel  Kirkland  ;  for  Pioneers, 
forty-two  years  pastor  Brattle  Square  Ch.,  Boston.      The 
Life  of  Samuel  Kirkland,   Missionary  to  the  Indians,  in  Memoi/Rev, 
Sparks's  Am.  Biog.     The  History  of  the  Church  in  Brattle^-  ^-  Lothrop. 
Square. 

After  Edward  Bright  insert — 

James  Eells,  (1822-1886)  ;  b.  Westmoreland;  Hamil- 
ton, '44.      Memoir  of  Sanniel  Eells. 

Page  89. — After  Mrs.  Martha  L.  Whitcher  insert —      Gmwoid'* 

Mrs.  Caroline  M.  Fisher  Sawyer,  (18 12-1864).    Wife  ^^™- P°«t«. 
of  Thomas  Jefferson  Sawyer  ;  lived  seven  years  at  Clinton  ;  Lippincott's 
author     of  translations    of   Hebrew    poetry  and    German  g''^*^'  ^^' 
philosophy  ;  in  1861  Ed.  Rose  of  Sharon,  a  monthly  mag- 


l8o  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

azine   in   the   French  language  ;   and   Ladies'   Repository. 

Poetry  of  Hebrczv  Tradition. 

Page  92. — After  Anson  Judd  Upson  insert — 

Francis  Marion  Burdick,   {b.    1845)  ;    Hamilton,   '69. 

Practiced  law   in  Utica,   1872-83  ;  Mayor,    1882-3  ;   Prof. 

Who's  Who  in  •  /  J  '  j       >  J  ' 

America.  Law  and  History,  Ham.  Coll.,  1882-7;  Prof.  Law,  Cor- 
nell Univ.  School  of  Law,  1887-91.  Prof.  Law,  Colum- 
bia Univ.  since  1891.  Biirdick's  Cases  on  Torts;  Cases 
on  Sales ;  The  Laiu  of  Sales ;  Cases  on  Partnership ;  The 
Law  of  PartnersJiip ;  Assoc.  Ed.  (Dept.  of  Law)  John- 
son's Cyc. 

Page  93. — After  Mrs.  Eleanor  Ecob  Morse,  insert — 
Mrs.  Charlotte  BuellComan,  ib.  Waterville).   Painter 

Who's  Who  in  >   \  / 

America.        of  landscapes  ;  is  one  of  the  artists  whose  works  have  been 

selected  for  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1900. 
sch  Re  't  Page  103. — The  Utica  Free  Academy  has    a   reference 

189Q,  p.  as.        library  of  over  two  thousand  volumes  for  the  use  of  pupils. 


Page  3. — In  line  33  read — Brant. 

Page  9. — First  marginal  reference  to  read — Pioneers, 
pp.  78,  62-5. 

Third  marginal  reference  to  read — Pioneers,  pp.  206,  432. 

After  third  reference,  insert — Ibid,  p,  79. 

Pages  23,  25. — On  margin  read — A.  F.  B.  Chace. 

Page  39. — In  line  2  read — Philo  C.  Curtis. 

Page  63. — In  line  19  read— David  W.  Childs. 

Page  70. — Under  Mappa  read — Olden  Barneveldt. 

Page  82. — Read — Henry  P.  Sartwell. 

Page  87. — William  Thomas  Gibson.  Read — Rector 
of  St.  George's,  1863-83  ;  also  of  other  churches  in  the 
County. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

Abbrcinations — C.  H.,  Court  House.      L.,  City  Library.      O.  H.  S.' 
Oneida  Historical  Society  ;  Munson  Williams  Memorial. 

Where  found. 

Academy,  Historical  Address  at  the  Dedication  of. 
1868.  (Pamphlet,  and  in  School  Reports  of 
1868,   1869.)     /.    W.   Williams, L. 

Albany,    Annals   of.        10    Vols.        1850-59.      J. 

Munsell, O.  H.  S. ,  L. 

Anti-Slaverj'  Convention,  Proceedings  of  New 
York,  held  at  Utica,  Oct.  21  ;  and  New  York 
Anti-Slavery  State  Society,  held  at  Peterboro, 
Oct.    22,    1835.      (Pamphlet.) O.  H.  S. 

Anti-Slavery  Society,  First  Annual  Meeting  New 

York    State.      1836.      (Pamphlet.) O.  H.  S. 

Army  of  the   Cumberland,  Report  of  the   Ninth 

Annual  Reunion  of  the  Society  of.      1875 O.  H.  S. 

Artists,  Book  of  American.  1867.  H.  T.  Tuck- 
ernian, 

Birds. 

Auk,  The.  (Magazine  published  for  the 
American    Ornithologists'  Union.) 

Annotated  List  of  the  Birds  of  Oneida 
County,  N.  Y.  (The  only  local  work. 
Pamphlet.and  in  Trans.  O.  H.  S.,  1885-6.) 
W.  L.  Ralph  and  E.  Bagg, O.  H.  S.,  L. 

Birds  of  Village  and  Field.     1898.    Florence 

A.    Merriani L. 

Code  of  Nomenclature  and  Check-List  of 
North  American  Birds,  2d.  Ed.  1895.  (Is- 
sued by  American  Ornithologists'  Union.)  L. 


1 82  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Where  found. 
Birds,  (Continued.) 

Handbook  of  Birds  of  Eastern  North  Amer- 
ica.     1895.      F.   M.    Chapnia7i,    L. 

History    of    North   American    Birds.     1874. 

Baird,  Brewer  and  Ridgeway, L. 

Key  to  North  American  Birds,  4th  Ed.    1894. 

(For   identification.)     E.  Cones, L. 

Life  Histories  of  North  American  Birds. 
(On  Breeding  Habits  and  Eggs.  Com- 
pleted only  from  the  Grouse  to  the  Crack- 
les. In  Smithsonian  Contributions  to 
Knowledge, Vols.  28  and  32.     1892,  1895.) 

C.  Be?idire, L. 

Manual  of   North  American  Birds.      1887. 

R.  Ridgeway, L. 

Botany. 

Manual  of  the  Botany  of  the  Northern 
United  States,  6th  Ed.  1899.  (Revised 
by  S.  Watson.)     A.  Gray, L. 

Plants,  A  List  of  in  the  Vicinity  of  Utica  for 
April,  May  and  a  portion  of  June.  1888. 
(Pamphlet. )     /.  V.  Haberer, O.  H.  S. 

Camden,  N.  Y. ,  One  Hundred  Years,  First  Con- 
gregational Church.     1898.     (Pamphlet.) 

Charter  of  the  City  of  Utica L. 

Cheese  Industry  of  the  State  of  New  York.  (Bul- 
letin No.  15,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture, 
Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  1896.  Pamphlet.) 
B.  D.    Gilbert, L. 

City  Government,  A  Study  of.  1897.  -^-  -^• 
Wilcox, 

Civil   Government   in  the   United  States.     1890. 

J.  Fiske, L. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY.  I83 

Where  found. 

Clinton,  N.  Y.,  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  In- 
stallation of  Rev.  A.  S.  Norton,  D.  D.,  as 
Pastor  of  what  is  now  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
1893.     (Pamphlet.) O.  H.  S. 

Constitution  of  the  State  of  New  York O.  H.  S.,  L. 

Constitutional    Limitations,     Treatise    on.      6th 

Ed.      1890.      T.  M.  Cooley, C.  H. 

Critical    Period    of     American  "History.        1888. 

J.  Fiske L. 

Directories  of  Utica. 

Village,  1817,  1828,  1829;  City,  1832,  1833, 
1834,  1837-8,  1839-40,  1840-1,  1842-3, 
and  from  that  time  to  date.    O.H.S.,  L.  except  1817. 

Enemies    of    the    Constitution    Discovered.      By 

Defensor.     1835.    (Pamphlet.) O.  H.  S.,  L. 

Flag   of  the  United  States,  History   of  the,  3d. 

Ed.     1882.      G.   H.   Preble L. 

Forest  Hill  Cemetery,  Utica.   1895.    M.M.Bagg,  L. 

Free    Discussion   in    Utica    in     January,      1861. 

(Pamphlet.) 

Geography  and  Geology. 

Atlas  of  the  State  of  New  York.      J.  R.  Bien, 

New  York L. 

Atlas  of  Oneida  County,  N.  Y.      D.  G.  Beers 

a7id  Co.,    Philadelphia 

Atlas    of  the    City  of  Utica,    N.  Y.      D.  L. 

Miller,  Philadelphia L. 

Aspects  of  the  Earth.   1890.  N.  S.  Skaler,  . .  L. 


184  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Where  found. 

Geography  and  Geology,  (Continued.) 

Brookline  (Mass.)  Education  Society,  Year 
Book  of,  1896-7.  (Containing  Report  of 
Lecture  by  Prof.  Shaler.      Pamphlet.)  ...  L, 

Chapter  in  Glacial  History,  with  Illustrative 
Notes  from  Central  New  York.  (Pamphlet 
and  in  Trans.  O.  H.  S.  1889-92.)  A. 
P.  Brigham, O.  H.  S.,  L. 

Composite  Origin  of  Topographic  Forms. 
(Bulletin  Am.  Geog.  Soc,  Vol.  XXVII. , 
No.  2.      Pamphlet.)      A.  P.    Brigham,  .  .  L. 

Corals  and  Coral  Islands,  1879.     J.D.Dana,  L. 

Drift  Bowlders  between  the  Mohawk  and 
Susquehanna  Rivers.  (Am.  Journal  of 
Science.  Vol.  XLIX.,  March,  1895.)  ^• 
P.  Brighajii, L. 

Eastern  Gateway  of  the  United  States.  (In 
Geog.  Journal,  London,  May,  1899.)  A. 
P.  Brigham O.  H.  S. 

Geology,  Manual  of.    1880.      J.  D.  Dana...  L. 

Geology,  Revised  Textbook  of.  (Ed.  byW. 
N.  Rice),   1897.       /.  D.  Dana, 

Geology  of  New  York.  (In  Nat.  Hist,  of 
the  State  of  N.  Y.  Geol.,  Part  III.,  1842. 
L.  Vannxcvi), L. 

Geology  of  Oneida  County.  (Pamphlet  and 
in  Trans.  O.  H.  S.,  1887-9),  A.  P. 
Brigham, O.  H .  S. ,  L. 

Glacial  Flood  Deposits  in  Chenango  Valley, 
1897.      (Pamphlet).    A.  P.  Brigham,  .... 

Guide  to  the  Study  of  the  Geological  Collec- 
tions of  New  York  State  Museum,  1898. 
(Bulletin  N.  Y.  State  Museum.  Vol.  4, 
No.  19).      F.  J.  H.   Merrill, L. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY.  1 85 

Where  found. 

Geography  and  Geology,  (Continued.) 

Ice  Age    in    North  America,    1891.      G.   F. 

Wright, L. 

Nautical  Almanac, L. 

Rainfall  and  Snow  in  the  United  States,  (U. 

S.    Weather    Bureau,     1894.      Pamphlet). 

M.  W.  Harrington, L. 

Relative  Humidity  of  Southern  New  England 

and    Other    Localities.      (U.    S.  Weather 

Bureau,  1896.      Pamphlet).    A.  J.  Henry,  L. 

Rivers    and    the    Evolution    of    Geographic 

Forms.    (Bulletin  Am.Geog.  Soc,  March, 

1892).      A.  P.  Brigham L. 

Structure  and  Distribution  of  Coral   Reefs, 

C.     Darzvin,      with     appendix  by   7".    G. 

Bonney.     1 889, L. 

Topography    and    Glacial     Deposits    of  the 

Mohawk  Valley.     1898.     (Bulletin    Geol. 

Soc.  of  Am.,  Vol.  9,  pp.  183-210,  PL  15). 

A .  P.  Brigham, L. 

Trilobite,  The  :   New  and  Old  Evidence  Re- 
lating  to  its   Formation.      (Bulletin  Mus. 

Comp.  Zool.  Harv.  Coll.,  Vol.  VIII..  No. 

10.     i88l      Pamphlet).     C.  D.Walcott,  .  .  L. 

U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  Bulletin  No.  5, O.  H.  S. 

Weather    Bureau,    New    York    State.      8th 

Annual  Report,    1896, L. 

Half-Century  of  Medico-Pyschological  Literature. 
(Pamphlet,  also  in  Am.  Journal  of  Insanity, 
and  in  Trans.  Am.  Medico-Psychological  Ass., 
1894.)      G.  A.  Blunter 

Hamilton  College,  Historical  Sketch  of.  1889. 
C. E.  Allison, 


1 86  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Where  found. 
"Hanes  Cymry  America,  "(History  of  the  Welsh  in 

America).  1872.     R.  D.   Thomas, 

Historical  Collections.   1841.      J,  W.Barber,...  L, 

Iroquois,  League  of  the.     185 1.      L.  H.  Morgan,  L. 
Iroquois,  Notes  on   the.      1846.      H.  R.    School- 
craft,    L- 

Judson,    Life  of  Mrs.    Emily   C.      i860.     A.  C. 

Kendrick, L. 

Kirkland,  Life  of  Samuel.  (Sparks's  American 
Biography,  2d  Series).    1847.      5.  K.  Lothrop, 

Kirkland, History  of  the  Town  of.    1874.      A.  D. 

Gridley, O.  H.  S. 

Laws  of  New  York, C.  H. 

Men  of  Early  Rome.     1879.   (Pamphlet.)     D.  E. 

Wager O.  H.  S. ,  L. 

New  England  Historical  and  Genealogical  Regis- 
ter,   1880 L. 

New  Hartford,  Centennial    Day  of    Presbyterian 

Church.     1 891.     (Pamphlet.) O.  H.  S. 

New   York,    Centennial    Celebrations    of.     1879. 

{VnhWshedhy  A.  C.  Beach), L. 

New  York,  Histories  of, 

Brief   History  of    the  Empire  State.      1895. 

W.  Hendrick, L. 

Documentary    History    of    New    York.       1 5 

Vols.    1846-48.       E.  B.  GCallaghan,  . .  .  L. 

History  of  the  Empire  State.     1888.     B.  J. 

Lossing, L. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY.  1 87 

Where  found. 

New  York,  Histories  of  (Continued. ) 

New  York, (American  Commonwealth  Series.) 

2   Vols.     1887.     E.H.Roberts, L. 

New  York,  Reports  of    Adjutant  General.    1866, 

1868 O.  H.  S. ,  L. 

Newspapers. 

Many  of  the  early  newspapers  of  Utica  are 
in  the  possession  of  the  Oneida  Historical 
Society.      For  partial  list,  see    Catalogue 

of  Library,  O.  H.  S 

Later  Newspapers  are  in  the  Public  Library. 

Albany  Atlas,  July,  1848 

Brookfield  Courier,  July  6,  1898 

Oneida,  Early  Bar  of,    1876.     (Pamphlet).      W. 

J. Baco7i, O.    H.  S. 

Oneida  County,  Histories  of, 

Oneida  County,  Annals  and  Recollections  of. 

1851.      P.  Jones, O.  H.  S..  L. 

Oneida  County, N.Y.   1896.    D.E.Wager,0.  H.  S.,  L. 
Oneida  County,  History  of.   1878.      Publish- 
ed  by  Everts  and  Eariss,  Philadelphia..  L. 
Oneida  County,  Notices  of  Men  and  Events 
Connected    with    the     Early   History  of. 

1838.      W.  Tracy.      (Pamphlet.) O.    H.  S. 

Oneida  County  Regiments  in  Civil  War, 

History   of  the  97th   Regiment,    N.    Y.    V. 

1890.     /.  Hall, O.    H.  S- 

History    of  the    117th    Regiment,  N.  Y.    V. 

1866.    /.  A.  Mowris, O.  H.  S.,  L. 

Presentation  of  the  Battle  Flags  of  the 
Oneida  County  Regiments  to  the  Oneida 
Historical  Society.    1898.    (Pamphlet). O.  H.  S.,  L. 


150  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Where  found. 
Oneida      Historical     Society,     Transactions     of 

the O.  H.  S.,  L. 

Oriskany,  Centennial    Celebration   of  the  Battle 

of.      1878 O.  H.  S. 

(Also  in  Cent.  Celebrations  of  the  State  of  N.  Y. 

1879.      A.  C.    Beach) L. 

Palatines,  Story  of  the.     1897.    -S^-  H.  Cobb,  ....  L. 

Paris,  Centennial  of  the  Congregational  Church. 

1891.      (Pamphlet.) 

Paris,  History  of  the  Town  of,  and  the  Valley  of 

the  Sauquoit.     H.  C.  Rogers, O.  H.  S. 

Presbyterianism  in  Central  New  York.     1877.    P. 

H.  Fozv/er, O.  H.  S. ,  L. 

Reports  of  Cases  ui  the  Supreme  Court,  etc.. 
State  of  New  York,  1828-1841.  J.  L.  Wen- 
dell         C.  H. 

Revolution,  American.    2  Vols.     1895.     J-  Fiske,  L. 

Revolution,  Field    Book  of    the.      185 1.     B.   J. 

Lossing, L. 

Schools. 

History  of  the  Common   School   System  of 
the  State  of  New  York.      5.  S.  Randall,  . 
Reports  of  the  Public  Schools  of  Utica,  ...  L. 

Seward,  Works  of  WiUiam    H.      1887 L. 

Signers  to  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  Biog- 
raphies of  the.  9  Vols.  1823-27.    J.Sanderson,  L. 
Slave  Power  in  the  United  States,  Rise  and  Fall 
of.      3       Vols.      8th      Ed.      c.  1872-77.       H. 
Wilson, L. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY.  1 89 

Where  found. 
Smith,  Gerrit,  a  Biography.     1878.     O.  B.  Froth- 

ingham, L. 

Travels  in  New  England  and  New  York.       4  Vols. 

in  2.    1821-22.       T.  Dzvight O.  H.  S..L. 

Trenton,    N.  Y. ,    Centennial  Address.      (July    4, 

1876.      Pamphlet.)     /.  F.  Seymour, O.  H.  S.,  L. 

Trinity  Church,  Utica,  N.  Y. ,  One  Hundred  Years 
of.      1898.      Ed.  by  J.  R.  Harding, 

Tryon  County,  Annals  of.  1831.  W.  W.  Camp- 
bell,   O.   H.  S. 

United       States,        Constitutional     History     of. 

1 88 1 .      H.  von  Hoist, L. 

United  States,   Statistical  Record  of   the  Armies 

of.     1 893.      F.  Phistcrer L. 

Utica,     Memorial     History    of,     1892.       M.   M. 

Bagg, O.  H.  S..  L. 

Utica,  Pioneers  of,    1877.      M.  M.  Bagg,  ..  .O.  H.  S.,  L. 

Utica,  Semi-Centennial  of  the  City  of.      1862..  O.  H.  S. 

Utica,  Sketch  of  Old.  1895.  Blandina  D.  Mil- 
ler.     (Pamphlet.) L. 

Utica     Citizens'     Corps,      Semi-Centennial     of. 

1887 O.  H.  S.,  L. 

Van  Buren,  Martin, (American  Statesman  Series.) 

6th  Ed.      1897.       E.  M.  Shepard, L. 

Van  der  Kemp,  Letter  of  Francis  Adrian.  1792. 
(In  Centennial  Address,  Trenton.  N.  Y.,  1876, 
J.  F.  Seymour), L. 

Webster,    Daniel,  (American  Statesman    Series.) 

1 897.       H.  C.  Lodge, L. 


190  OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 

Where  found. 

Webster,  Life  of  Daniel.   1870.      G.   T.  Curtis,  .  L. 

Webster,  Works  of  Daniel.    17th  Ed.   1877 L. 

Westmoreland,  Exercises  in  Commemoration  of 
the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  First  Con- 
gregational Church.    i8q2.      (Pamphlet.)...    . 

Whitesboro,  A  Few  Stray  Leaves  in  the  His- 
tory of.  By  a  Villager.  1884.  (Pamphlet.) 
Martha  L.  Whitcher, O.  H.  S.,  L. 

Many  Cyclopaedias,  Dictionaries  of  Biography,  Personal 
Memorials,  etc. 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 

Abolitionists, 85 

Academy,  Charter  granted,   1814,  98 
Academy  and  Court  House,  1818, 

II,  19,  99 

Academy,  (Building,).  1868, 102 

Academy,  (New,)  1899, 102 

Actors 93 

Adams,  John  Quincy 62 

Alden,  Isabella  M.  ("Pansy"),...  93 

Ames,  Mary  C, 90 

Andrews,  Charles, 78 

Andrews,  Edward  Gayer, 87 

Apples,  158 

Aqueduct  Association. Utica, 10 

Aqueduct  Company,  Utica, 10 

Archaeologists 78 

Armstrong,  Jesse  J., 31 

Artists 92 

Augusta,  Centennial  of  Presbyte- 
rian Church, 48 

Bacon,  William  J., 28,  76 

Bacon, William  K 28 

Bagg,  Egbert,  (Colonel) 31 

Bagg,  Egbert,  83.     Houseof 64 

Bagg,  Moses,  65.     Houseof, 63 

Bagg,  Moses,   Jr 66 

Bagg,  Moses  M 88 

Bagg's  Hotel, 9,  65 

Ballou's  Creek 132 

Bangs,  Charles  C 45 

Banks, 39 

Barber,  Thomas  N 42 

Barnes.  Albert 104,  179 

Bartlett,   Charles, 104 

Barton,  Clara 96 

Basket-making, 156 

Beardsley,  Samuel 75 

Beebee,   A.   M 87 

Beech  Grove 131 

Beet  Sugar 158 

Bellinger,   John 10,  72 

Bennett,   Dolphus. 87 

Bethune,  George  W., 86 

Big  Basin, T 132 

Birds. 

Bird  Fauna,  General  Charac- 
ter of.  Number  of  Species, 

How  divided,  etc 163 


PAGE. 

Birds. — (Continued . ) 

Bittern, 166 

Bee  Bird, or  King  Bird, 170 

Blackbirds, 172 

Bluebird, 178 

Bobolink, 172 

Buffle  Head, or  Butter  Ball...  165 
Butcher  Bird, or  Great  North- 
ern Shrike, 175 

Catbird 176 

Cedar  Bird,or  Cherry  Bird, ...  175 

Chickadee, 177 

Cowbird, 172 

Creeper, 177 

Crow, 171 

Crow  Blackbird,  or  Bronzed 

Grackle, 172 

Cuckoo, 169 

Dab-chick,     or      Pied-billed 

Grebe, 164 

Dove, 167 

Ducks, 165 

Finch 173 

Flicker, or  Highhole, i6g 

Flycatchers, 171 

Golden  Eye,  or  Whistler 165 

Goldfinch, or  Yellowbird 173 

Goose, 165 

Grackle    (Bronzed),  or   Crow 

Blackbird, 172 

Grebe,  (Pied-billed),  or  Dab- 
chick, 164 

Grosbeak,  (Pine) 172 

Grosbeak,  (Rose  breasted),..,  174 

Grouse, 167 

Gull 164 

Hawks, 167 

Herons 166 

Highhole,  or  Flicker, 169 

Hummingbird 170 

Indigo  Bird, 174 

Jay 171 

Junco  (Slate-coloredj.or  Black 
Snowbird, 174 

King  Bird,  or  Bee  Bird 170 


192 


OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 


FAGE 

Birds. — Continued. 

Kingfisher, i6q 

Lark 171 

Mallard, 164 

Martin 174 

Meadowlark, 172 

Nighthawk,  170 

Nuthatch 177 

Oriole 172 

Oven  Bird 176 

Owls 16S 

Phoebe 171 

Pigeon 167 

Plover,  167 

Rail 166 

Redstart,  176 

Robin, 177 

Sandpiper,  (Spotted),  or  Tip- 
up 166 

Shrikfcs 175 

Snipe 166 

Snowbird,  (Black),    or   Slate 

Coloi-ed  Junco 174 

Snowflake,  or  White   Snow- 
bird,    173 

Sparrows 173,  174 

Swallows, 174 

Swift 170 

Tanager, 174 

Teals 165 

Thrushes, 177 

Tip-up,or  Spotted  Sandpiper,  166 

Vireos, 175 

Whistler,  or  Golden  Eye,  . .  .  165 

Woodcock, 166 

Woodpeckers 169 

Wood  Pewee 171 

Wood  Warblers, 176 

Wren 176 

Yellowlegs 166 

Yellowthroat 176 

Yellowbird  or  Goldfinch, ....  173 

Bissell,  Wilson  S., 94 

Bleecker,  John  R., 6 

Bleecker  Property, 6,  59 

Bleecker,    Rutger, 6 

Bonaparte,    Joseph 96 

Booth,  Emma  Keith 45 


PAGE. 

Botany. 

Catalogues  of  Plants,  82,  83,   156 
Club  Mosses,  Number  of 158 

Equiseta,  Number  of, 158 

Ferns,  Number  of, 152 

Flora,  General  Character  of, 

152,  158 
Flowersof  Early  Spring,  153  ; 
of    May,    154;    June,   154; 
July  and  August,  155  ;  Sep- 
tember, 155. 
Flowering  Plants, Number  of,  152 
Forest  Trees,  Number  of , .  .  .    152 

Herbaria 82,   156 

Orders  of  Plants,  (List), 160 

Plants  of  Local  Interest, 158 

Plants  used  by  Man, 156 

Shrubs  and  Under-shrubs, 
Number  of, 152 

Bradley,  Dan 49 

Bradstreet,  John 6 

Bradstreet  Property, 6,  59 

Brant,  (Indian), 3 

Brandt,  H.    C.  G., 92 

Breese,  Arthur 6 

Breese,  Samuel  Livingston, 74 

Breese,  Sidney, 74,  78 

Bridgewater,  Centennial  of  Con- 
gregational Church, 48 

Brigham,  Albert  P 84 

Brigham.  Amariah, 80 

Bright,  Edward, 87 

Bronson,  Greene  C, 74 

Brown,  M.  E.  D 93 

Brown,  Samuel  G. , 86 

Buildings,  (Old). 

Bagg's  Hotel, 65 

Churches — P  resbyterian 
(First),  65  ;  Presbyterian, 
New  Hartford,  67  ;  Trinity, 
65  ;   Welsh  Baptist,  65. 

Clark  House 63 

Cooper  House, 65 

Denio  House, 63 

Gridley  House, 64 

Inman  Houses, 62 

Johnson  House, 62 


INDEX. 


193 


PAGE. 

Buildings,  (Old) — Continued. 

Kirkland   Houses,  (.Clinton),     67 

Malcolm  House, 64 

Mann  House 63 

Mappa  House,  (Trenton) 68 

Mechanics'  Hall ig,  66 

Miller  or  Conkling  House,...  64 

Round  Building, 66 

School  House,  First, 62,   104 

Seymour  House, 63 

Smith  House 62 

Town  Hall,  (Whitesboro), ...     67 

Van  Rensselaer  House 64 

Wager  House, 63 

Walker  House 62 

White  House,  (Whitesboro), .     67 

York  House,  (Hotel), sg,     66 

Burdick,  Francis  M 180 

Butler,  (Indian  Leader) 3 

Butterfield,  Daniel, 73 

Butterfield,  John, 3g,  54 

Buttermilk  Fall, 131 

Camden,  Centennial  of  Congre- 
gational Church, 48 

Camp,  Talcott, g,     72 

Campbell,  S '35 

Canals. 

Chenango 55,   131 

Erie,  10,  12,  54  ;  First 
Bridges  over,  13  ;  Early 
Travel  on,  52  ;  Feeding  of,   133 

Capron,  Seth 33 

Carpenter,  William  H., gi 

Cascade  Glen, 131 

Cass,  General 18,     ig 

Catalogues  of  Plants 82,  83,  156 

Centennial  Celebrations  held  in 

Oneida  County 48,  108,  no 

Chamber  of  Commerce 38 

Champhn  House 63 

Charities    of     Utica,     (Homes, 

Asylums,  etc.) in 

Charter,  Definition  of, 112 

Charters  of  Utica,  (Village),  g, 
113,  114;  City,  Act  of  Incorpo- 
ration,   16,  115 

Chase,  Philander, 11 

Cheese, 40 

Chester,  Albert  H., 84,     145 


PAGE. 

Childs,  House  of  David  W., 63 

Childs,  Silas  D., 3g,  54 

Cholera 16 

Christian  Commission 25 

Christian, William  H 23,  2g 

Chubbuck.  Samuel  W 80 

Churches. 

Baptist,  Welsh  of  Utica,  .11,  65 

Baptist,  of  Waterville,  Cen- 
tennial,   4g 

Baptist,  of  Whitestown,  Cen- 
tennial,   50 

Bleecker  St.  (Building),  16,  ig,  20 

Congregational,  of  Bridge- 
water,  Centennial 48 

Congregational,   of  Camden, 

Centennial 48 

Congregational,    of    Paris, 

Centennial,.     49 

Congregational,    Welsh,      of 

Utica II 

Cong  regational,  of  West- 
moreland, Centennial, 50 

Methodist,  of  Rome 4g 

Methodist,  of  Westmoreland,  50 

Number  of  in  Utica m 

Presbyterian,    of     Augusta, 

Centennial, 48 

Presbyterian,  of  Clinton,  Cen- 
tennial   48 

Presbyterian,  of  Holland  Pat- 
ent,   Centennial, 179 

Presbyterian,  of  New  Hart- 
ford, Centennial, 48 

Building 67 

Presbyterian,  First,  of  Utica.  10 

Building 10,  65 

Presbyterian,  United  Socie- 
ty of  Whitestown  and  Old 

Fort  Schuyler 8,  10 

Presbyterian,  of  Whitestown! 

Centennial co 

St.  John's,  of  Utica, n 

St.  Paul's,  of  Paris,  Centen- 
nial,   4g 

Trinity,  of  Utica u,  50 

Building, nj  55 

Unitarian,  of  Trenton, 50 

Churchill,  Alonzo, 73 

Citizens' Corps,  Utica, ...  .22,  23,  42 


194 


OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 


PAGE 

City  Government,   Functions  of,   115 

Civil  War. 

Public  Meeting,  Feb.  1861, 
22  ;  Call  for  Troops,  22  ;  Pub- 
lic Meeting,  April,  1861,  22; 
Departure  of  Troops,  22  ; 
Women's  Work,  23  ;  Schools 
raise  Flags,  23  ;  Recruiting 
in  1861,  23  ;  Additional  Regi- 
ments, 23,  24 ;  Return  of 
First  Regiments,  25 ;  New- 
England  Regiments  in  Utica, 
25  ;  Draft,  25  ;  Life  at  Home, 
25  ;  Return  of  Remaining 
Regiments,  26  ;  Regiments 
partly  from  Oneida  Co.,  27  ; 
Number  of  Calls  for  Troops, 
and  Men  furnished,  27  ;  Field 
Officers  of  Regiments,  29-32. 
(See  also  Regiments  of  Onei- 
da Co.  in  Civil  War.) 

Claesgens,  Peter, 31 

Clark,  Ei-astus 9 

Clarke,  William 108 

Clemensson,  Justine, 45 

Clergymen  who  are  Authors,. ...  86 

Cleveland,  Grover, 48,  94 

Cleveland,  Rose  E 90 

Clinton,  Academies  of 105 

Chnton,  Centennials  held  in 48 

Clinton,  DeWitt 13,  54,  55,  98,  100 

Clinton,  George 95,    97,  98,  105 

Clinton,  House  of  Mrs.  GeorgeW.,  62 

Cochran,  James, 64 

Cochran,  John 71 

Cogswell,  Milton, 32 

Coibraith,  William 6 

Coman,  Charlotte  B., 180 

Conkling,  Roscoe,  77  ;  House  of,  64 

Conventions  in  Utica. 

Anti-Slavery,  1835,  16;  i86i,     21 

County    Superintendents    of 
Schools,    1842, loi 

Free  Soil,  1848, 19 

Liberty  Party,  1848, 19 

People's  Party,  1824, 13 

Cook,  Marc 88 

Cook,    Mathias, 83 

Cooper.  House  of  ApoUos, 65 

Cooper,  B.  F., 35 


PAGE. 

Copeman,  A.  R 82 

Corning,  William  S 31 

Cosby,    William 6 

Cosby's  Manor, 6,    7,     59 

Counties  of  New  York.    Original, 

I ;  Changes  in 2 

Court  House  and  Academy,  .  .  11,     19 

Cozier,  Ezra  S 114 

Crane,  William  H 94 

Culver  Family,  House  of, 62 

Curran,    Edward 38 

Curran,  Henry  H 31 

Curtis,    Philo   C, 38,  39 

Daggett,   Ruf us 30,  31 

Dairy  Board  of   Trade,  Utica,. .  .  40 

Dana,   James   D., 80,  104 

Dana,  Joseph 104 

Davies,  Arthur  B 93 

Davies.  Thomas  M 29 

Dean,  James 4,    6,  69,  70 

Decker,  House  of  Israel, 64 

Deerfield   Ravine 131,  142 

Denio,  Hiram,  75  ;  House  of , . .  . .  63 

Despard,  House  of  Madame 62 

Devereux,  John  C, 40,  1 1 5 

Devereux,  Nicholas, 40 

Dickens,  Charles, 96 

Directories,   Village,  (1817,  182S, 

1829), 12 

Dix,  John   A 100,  106 

Dodd,    Bethuel 8,  50 

Douel.  Alexander 32 

Dwight,    Pres.       Description    of 

Utica   in  179S 15 

Dwight,  Theodore  W 77 

Dwight,  W.  B., 140 

Fames,  Elizabeth  J 90 

Easton,  Oliver  P. , 10 

Edgerton,  Fay, 104 

Edwards,  Jonathan  the  Younger, 

48.  49 

Educators, 91 

Eells,  Daniel 72 

E  ells,   James 179 

Egelston,  Rouse  S., 30 

Ellison  Family,  House  of 62 

Ellsler.  Effie, 93 

EUsler,   Fanny, 93 

Ellsler,  John  A 93 

Emerson,  George  B., loi 

Faxton,  Theodore  S 39,  54 

Female   Academy,   Utica,. ..  .99,  100 


INDEX. 


195 


PAGE. 

Female     Charitable     Society    of 

Whitestown 11 

Fires,  1837,  17  ;  1851 19 

Fish,  Mayor 102 

Fisher.  Samuel  W 86 

Flags  of   Oneida  Co.  Regiments, 

28,  no 
Flag     of   U.    S.     First    used   on 

Land 4 

Flats,  The 133 

Flandrau,  Thomas  M. 73 

Floyd,  William 72 

Foote,  Moses, 48 

Ford,  House  of  W.  E 64 

Ford,  S.  W 140 

Forester,   Fanny 89 

Fort  Schuyler,  (Old). 

Ford  at,  2 ;  Whom  named 
for,  2  ;  When  built,  3  ;  Dedi- 
cation of  Site  of.  109  ;  Village 
of,  7  ;  Divided,  7  ;  Early 
Condition  of,  7. 
Fort  Stanwix,  2,   3,   4.     Treaties 

at 5,     95 

Foster,  Henry  A 77 

Foster,  Theodosia,  ("Faye  Hunt- 
ington")      90 

Fowler,    Philemon  H., 86 

Franchises,  Definition  of  Munici- 
pal    121 

Franklin    Benjamin, 106 

Frederic,  Harold 88 

Freedman's  Relief  Association, . .     25 

Freeholder, 113 

Fruits,  Wild, 157 

Fuller,  Frances  and  Metta 90 

Fugitive  Slave 17 

Gale,  George  W 91 

Gallaudet,  William 101 

Gansevoort,  Peter, 3 

Garrard,  Kenner, 25,  31 

Gaynor,  Judge 78 

Geography  of  Utica. 

Altitude,  129 

Area 137 

Boundaries, 129 

Latitude  and  Longitude, 129 

Original  Character  of  Soil,...  133 

Plan 130 

Political  Divisions, 137 

Population 137 


PAGE. 

Geography  of  Utica. — Continued. 
Situation,  129,  133,   134 

Temperature,  Weather,  etc., 

135,  136 
Geology. 

Adirondacks,  139 

Appalachians 140 

Archaean  Rocks, 139,  140 

At  Little  Falls, 140,  149 

Black  River  Limestone 141 

Brick  Clays, 148 

Building  Stone 141,    146,   148 

Calcareous  Tufa , 149 

Calciferous  Sand-rock, 140 

Cambrian  Rocks 140 

Clinton  Group 145 

Fossils  of, 146 

Coal 147,  148 

Corniferous  Rocks 147 

Fossils  of, 147 

Glacial  Period 149 

Glaciation,  Evidences  of, 151 

Hamilton  Shales, 148 

Fossils  of 148 

Hudson  River  Group, 144 

Lower     Helderberg     Rocks, 

146,  147 

Fossils  of 147 

Lower  Silurian  Rocks 140 

Fossils  of 144 

Marcellus  Shales, 147 

Medina  Epoch 144,  145 

Mineral   Paint 148 

Mineral  Springs, 143,  144 

Niagara  Group 146 

Concretions  of, 146 

Oneida  Conglomerate, 144 

Fossils  of, 145 

Oneida  Co.,  General  Geolog- 
ical Character, 138,   140 

Oriskany  Sandstone, 147 

Fossils  of, 147 

Paving  Stones 148,   149 

Peat 148 

River  Deltas    and  Terraces, 

150,   151 

Salina  Group, 146 

Sand 148 


196 


OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 


Geology. — Continued. 

Surface  Changes  since  Devo- 
nian Age,  149 

Trenton  Limestone, 141 

Fossils  of, 142 

Upper  Silurian  Rocks, 145 

Utica,  Geology  of, 139 

Soil  of  Vicinity, 151 

Utica  Slate 142 

Fossils  of 142.   143 

Water,    Post-Glacial    Action 
of 151 

German  Flats, 7 

Gibson,  William   T 87,  180 

Gilbert,  Benjamin  D., S3 

Ginseng, 156 

Gold,  Thomas  R 74 

Goodier,  Lewis  E., 42 

Goodrich,   Chauncev  E 156 

Go.ss,  Charles  F.,..'. 88 

Government. 

Aldermen, 116,   iiq 

Assessors,  Board  of, 117 

Auditors,    Board     of    Town, 

117,   118 

Charities,   Board  of, 118 

City,  Class  of  determined  by 

Population 112 

City,  Relations  of  to  State  and 

Nation 112 

Civil     Service    Examiners, 

Board  of 119 

Clerk,  City, 116,  117,  120,   121 

Collectors, 119,  120 

Commissioners   of    Common 

Schools 118 

Commissioners  of  Deeds, 119 

Commissions,  Bi-partisan,....   119 

Common  Council 115,  116 

Constables, iig 

Corporation  Counsel 117,  120 

Court,  City, 119 

Clerk  of, 119 

Education,  Board  of 118 

Elections,  present  date  of  Mu- 
nicipal,     115 

Fence  Viewers 119 

Finances 116,  120 

Fire  Department, 118 

F  ran  ch  i  ses 121 


PAOE. 

Government — Continued. 

Government  Officials, 94 

Health,  Board  of 117 

Health  Officer 118 

Janitors 119 

Judge,  City 115.  119 

Judge,  Special  City 119 

Justices  of  the  Peace, 120 

Keeper  of   the  City  Clock 116 

Mayor, 115,  116,  117,  121 

Messengers, 119 

Plum  bers  and  Plumbing, 
Examining  and  Supervis- 
ing Board  of, 119 

Police  and  Fire  Commission- 
ers, Board  of, , 116,  118 

Police  Matron, 118 

Police  Department 118,  120 

Pound  Masters, 119 

Scavenger,  City 119 

Sealer    and    Examiner    of 

Weights  and  Mea.sui-es, 119 

Sexton,   City, 119 

S  upervisors 119 

Surveyor,    City, 116,   117,  120 

Taxes 120 

Treasurer ,  115,  117,  120 

Graham,  Edmund  A 38 

Grand    Army   of    the   Republic, 

Posts  of, 27 

Grant,  Ulysses  S., 28 

Gray,  Asa, 79 

Gray.  John  P 81 

Greeks,  Aid  sent  to, 13 

Green,  Beriah, 85 

Gridley,  A.  D 88 

Gridley,  Philo,  iS,  76;  House  of,  64 

Grimke,  Angelina, 86 

Grindlav,  James  G., 31 

Gulf.  The 131,  132 

Haberer,  Joseph  V., 83 

Hackett,  James  H. , 93 

Hall,  Delos  E 30 

Halleck.  Henry  W., 72 

Halleck's  Ravine,   131,  144 

Hamilton,  Alexander, 97,  105 

Hamilton  College, 70,  105 

Hamilton  Oneida  Academy,  4,  70,  105 

Hannahs,  Mrs.  A., 45 

Hannahs,  Mary  E., 45 


INDEX. 


197 


PAGE. 

Harrer,  Frederick, 28 

Hartley,  Isaac  S., 87 

Hastings,  Thomas, 91 

Hawley,  Gideon, 98 

Herbaria, 82,  156 

Herkimer,  Nicholas 3 

Historians, 88 

Hodges,  George, 88 

Hodges,  George  C, 83 

Hogeboom,  Henry, 92 

Holland  Land  Company,   66,    68,  70 
Holland  Patent,  Centennial  Pres- 
byterian Chuixh 179 

Homestead  Aid  Association, ....  38 

Hooker,  Samuel 66 

Hooker,   General, 28 

Hops 158 

Horsburgh,  Charles  S., 43 

Horseshoe  Fall, 131 

Horsmanden,  Daniel, 6 

Hospital,  City,  Officers  of 118 

Hoxie,  John  C 38 

Hoyt,  Building  erected  by  David,  66 

Humphrey,  Correl 38 

Hunt,  Edwin, 82 

Hunt,  Montgomery 40 

Hunt,  Ward, 76 

Huntington,  Channing  M 88 

Huntington,  Faye, go 

Huntington,  George, 6 

Huntington,  Henry, 40 

Independent  Infantry  Co., 12 

Indian  Corn 158 

Indian  name  of  Utica, 6,  134 

Indian  Trails 51 

Indians. 

Brothertown 14 

Iroquois,  List  of  Tribes  com- 
posing, (See  also  Oneidas),       i 

Lands  of,   acquired  by  State 
of  N.  Y I.       5 

New  Stockbridge, 14 

Oneidas, i,  4,  14,   105 

Sacred  Stone  of, 4 

Stockbridge, 14 

Treaties  with 5,     95 

Inman,  Henry, 92 

Inman,  William,  Houses  of, 62 

Inman,  William, (Commodore), ...     74 
Irish  Famine, 19,  157 


PAGE. 

Irving,  Washington 96 

Jacob,  Therese  von,  ("Talvi"), .  79 

James,  Thomas  L., 94 

Jenkins,  David  T., 31 

Jennings,  Gilbert  S 29 

Johnson,  Alexander  B., 84 

Johnson,  Alexander  S., 77 

Johnson,  House  of  A.  B.  and  A.  S.  62 

Johnson,  Sir  William, 5 

Johnson,  William  C 82 

Jones,  Pomroy, 88 

Judson,  Emily  C.  ("Fanny  Fores- 
ter"),   8y 

Kelly,  The  Misses 100 

Kent,  James, 6 

Kernan,  Francis .  77 

Kernan,  John  D 38,  78 

King,  General 43 

King,  George  W. , 93 

Kingsley,  Florence  M., 90 

Kirkland,  Caroline  S., 89 

Kirkland,JosephP.,i6,ii5;  House 

of 64 

Kirkland,  Samuel,   4,   5,  69,  105  ; 

Houses  of 67 

Knieskern,  Peter  D 82 

Knox,  John  J . , 94 

Kossuth,   Louis 20,  95 

La  Fayette, 1 3.  62,  95 

Lamps,  (Street),    First  lighted  in 

Utica, 13 

Lansing,  John 6 

Lancasterian  System  in   Schools, 

98,  100 

Lawyers, 74 

Lewis,   Governor 9S 

Libraries. 

Academy 180 

Public [06,   107 

School  District loi,   106 

Teachers' 103 

Lincoln.  Abraham 22,  26 

Lind,  Jenny 20 

Line  of  Property, 5 

Lintner,  Joseph  A., 81 

Literature  Lotteries 98 

Long,  Oscar  F. , 43 

Lothrop,  House  of  John  H., 62 

Lothrop,  Samuel  K 179 

Lyceum,  Utica, 104 


198 


OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY 


PAGE. 

McKay,  William  A. , 32 

McLean,  William, 9 

McLeod,  Trial  of  Alexander, 17 

McMillan,  Andrew, 102 

McQuade,  James 23,  29 

McQuade,  John  F 28 

Malcolm,  House  of  Samuel  B.,..  64 

Malcolm,  Mrs.  Samuel  B., 64 

Mann,  House  of  Mrs.  Charles  A.,  63 

Mann,  Horace loi 

Mann,  James  F., 38 

Mandeville,  Henry, 86 

Mansion  House 65 

Manual  Labor  Institute,  Whites- 

boro,   founded, gi 

Manufactures. 

Cotton  and   Woolen     Indus- 
tries, History  of, 33 

Clothing 36 

Foundries,  etc., 37 

Furnaces, 36 

Knit  Goods 37 

Lumber 37 

New  York  Mills,  (See  Cotton 
Industry,  History  of.) 

Pottery  (Early) 38 

Steam  Engines,  (First), 39 

Manufacturing    and     Mercantile 

Association,  Utica 38 

Mappa,    Adam,     70.       House  of, 

(Trenton) 68 

Marshall,  Benjamin, 35 

Mason,  Charles, 76 

Masonic  Home, no 

Maynard,  William  H., 74 

Men  of  Letters, 84 

Men  of  Science 79 

Mervine,  William, 73 

Mervine,    Catharinus  B., 74 

Mexican  War ig 

Meyers,  Francis  X 30,  31 

Michaels,  Lewis 2g 

Miller,  Addison  C 38 

Miller,  George  L., 76 

Miller,  Morris  S.,  (Judge),  11,  156; 

House    of, 64 

Miller,  Morris  S  ,  (General), 72 

Mitchell,  Maggie, 93 


PAGE- 

Mohawk  River. 

Bridge  over, 7 

Early  Navigation  of, 51 

Ford,. 2,  6,  135 

Straightening  of, 134 

(See  also    Geology,    Surface 
Changes.) 

Montgomery,  Richard, 2 

Moore,  Thomas, 95 

Morris,  Gouverneur 66 

Morse,  Eleanor  E. , 93 

Morse,  John  B., 93 

Morse,  "Samuel  F.  B., 80 

Mountain    Ash   Tree  on  Church 

Tower, 1 59 

Munsou,  Alfred 40 

Munson-Williams   Memorial no 

Museum,  Utica 20 

Nail  Creek 132 

Naval  Officers, 73 

New  Hartford,  Centennials   held 

in 48,  no 

Newspapers,  (Early; g  10 

North,    Edward, 91 

North,  S.  N.  D 95 

Northrup,  Charles 30 

Norton,  Asahel  S., 48 

Noyes,  William  C 75 

Occum,  Samson 14 

"Old Saratoga, " in 

Oneida   Carrying   Place, 

2,  3.  51.  52,  135 

Oneida  Chapter,   D.  A   R., 45 

Oneida  County. 

Settlement  by  Whites,  i  ; 
Organization  of,  2,  5,  7  ;  First 
Courts  of,  5  ;  Centennial  of, 
50,  no  ;  Topography  of,  134, 
135  ;  Area  of,  135  ;  Soil  and 
Climate  of,  135,  158;  Geology 
of,  138,  140. 

Oneida  Historical  Society, loS 

Oriskany,  Battle  of,    3  ;    Centen- 
nial, 108  ;  Monument loS 

Oriskany  Creek 133 

Osage  Orange 158 

Ostrom,  David 6 

Paine,  John  A 82 

Palatines, 4 


INDEX. 


199 


PAGE. 

Palmer,  Erastus  D., 92 

Palmer,  Jeremiah, 32 

'  'Pansy" 90 

Paris,  Centennials,  held  in, 49 

Paris,  Isaac,    49,    156;     Re-inter- 
ment,    49 

Parker,  Jascn, 39,  53 

Parmelee,  Truman, 11 

Pease,  William  R 24,  30 

Perkins,  George  R gi,  loi,  159 

Perry,  Commodore, 12 

Peters,  C.  H.  F Si 

Philologists 78 

Photographs  of  Streets  (First), . .  26 

Piatt,  Mrs., 100 

Pickard,  Arthur  W 43 

Pioneers 69 

Plank  Roads, 55 

Piatt,  Jonas 6,  74 

Plum,  Bleecker 156 

Poles,  Aid  sent  to, 13 

Pond.  Theron  T 157 

Pond's  Extract 157 

Pot  Herbs 157 

Potato,  Experiments  on, 157 

Post,  John 9 

Post  Roads 53 

Potter,  Alonzo, 101 

Potter,  Stephen 72 

Powell,  Edward  P., 84 

Powell,  Isaac  P. , 31 

Proctor,  Thomas  R., 47,  95 

Public  School  System  of  the  State 

of  N.  Y., 97,  100,  loi 

Railways. 

Between  CJtica  and  Syracuse,  56 

Mohawk  and  H;;d.-30U 56 

Mohawk  and  Malone, 57 

N.Y.,West  Shore  and  Buffalo,    57 

Utica  and  Black  River 56 

Utica,  Chenango  and  Susque- 
hanna Valley, 56 

Utica,  Clinton  and  Bingham- 

ton 57 

Utica  and  Schenectady, 56 

Railways,  Street, 26,  57 

Ralph,  William, S3 

Read,  J.  Harry, 46 

"  Red  Jacket," 5 

Reel's  Creek, 131 

Regents  of  the  University, 

97.  100,  105,  107 


PAGE. 

Regiments  of  Oneida  County  in 
Civil  War. 
Whole  Number,  27,  28  ;  ist 
(14th  N.  v.),  23,  25  ;  2nd 
(26th  N.  v.),  23,  25  ;  3rd  (97th 
N.  Y.),  23,  26;  4th  (117th  N. 
Y.),  24,  26;  5th  (146th  N.Y.). 
24,26 ;  2d  Heavy  Artillery,  28; 
Field  Officers, 29,     32 

Remmer,  Joseph  H., 44 

Reynolds,  William  H., 28 

Richardson,  Richard  H 29 

Roach,  Henry  P., 32 

Roberts,  Ellis  H 94 

Robinson,  Edward 78 

Rogers,  Henry  C  , 88 

Rogers,  Oliver  G 35 

Rogers'  Glen 133,  146 

Rome,  2,  3,  5,  7,  51.  52;     Centen- 
nial of  First  Methodist  Church,  49 
Root,  Elihu, 95 

St.  Leger,  Barry, 3 

Sandbank, 61 

Sanger,  Jedediah 5,  6,  48,  71 

Sanitary  Commission, 25 

Sartwell,  Henry  P 82 

Savage.  John 76 

Sauquoit  Creek 133 

Sawyer,  Caroline  M.  F., 179 

Sawyer,  George  C 102 

Sawyer,  Leicester  A., 87 

Sawyer,    Thomas  J 87 

Schoolcraft,  Henry  R., 78 

Schools,  Normal, loi 

vScHOOLs  OF  Utica. 

Private, 99.    104 

Public 98,  99,  loi,    103 

Prizes  for  Pupils  in, 103 

Prizes  for  Teachers  in, 103 

Training, 103 

Schug.    Nicholas, 46 

Schuyler,  Peter,  of  Albany, 2,  3 

Schuyler,  Peter,  of  New  Jersey, .  3 

Schuyler,  Philip, 2,6,  64 

Schuyler  Property 6,  59 

Schayler,  Walter  S., 44 

ScoUard,  Clinton, 89 

Scriba,  G.  F.  W.  A 71 

Scott.  John  M., 6 

Seal  of  Village 114 

Seneca  Turnpike  Co 7 

Seward  Family.  House  of 62 


200 


OUTLINE  HISTORY  OF  UTICA  AND  VICINITY. 


PAGE. 

Seymour,  House  of  Henry,  Hora- 
tio and  John  F 63 

Seymour,  Horatio, 76,  108,  109 

Seyburn,  Stephen  Y 44 

Sheldon,  Miss, 99 

Shepard,  Abraham, 108 

Shepard's  Tavern 108 

Sherman,  General, 28 

Sherman,  House  of  Watts, 64 

Shire  Towns 112 

Shue,  Josephine 45 

Sicard,  Montg'omery  H 74 

Sigsbee,  Charles  S., 47 

Skenandoa, 4,  105 

Skillen,    Charles  H 29 

Slavery  in  Utica, 15 

Smith,  Gerrit, 17.62,     85 

Smith,  Peter,  70;  House  of 62 

Soldiers,  Revolutionary,  71  ;  2nd 

Period 72 

(See    also  War  of    1812,    Civil 
War,  and  Spanish  War.) 
Soldiers'  Monuments,    Utica,  28  ; 
Waterville, 28 

Spanish  War. 

Beginning  of,  42;  Co.  E.,  42; 
Co.  G.,  43;  Co.  K.,  44;  War 
Relief  Associations,  44  ;  Hos- 
pitals, 45  ;  Nurses,  45  ;  Re- 
turn of  Troops,  46  ;  Number 
of  Oneida  Co.  Men  in  service, 
46  ;  Men  who  died  in  service, 
46,  179;  Medals  presented,  47. 

Spencer,  John  C, 100 

Spencer,  Joshua  A 18,     75 

SpoflEord,  John  P., 30 

Stage  Lines, 53 

Starch  Factory  Creek 131 

State  Hospital,  Utica, no 

Stephens,  Levi, 53 

Stereopticon  first  shown, 26 

Steuben,  Baron,    71,   105  ;  Grave 

and  Monument, 108 

Storrs,  Henry  R., 74 

Stocking,  House  of  Samuel, 63 

Streets. 

Albany,   Direction  of, 130 

Early  Village  Streets, 7,     59 

Early   Ordinances   Concern- 
ing Streets, 13 

Genesee, 59,  130 


PAGE. 

Names  of  Streets  and  Parks,  59 

Park  Avenue,  Direction  of, . .  130 

Paved  Streets,  Length  of,...  137 

Paving,  First, 13 

Stryker,  Melancthon  W 88 

Sulphur  Spring  Glen 131 

Sunday  School,  Utica, 11 

Sweeney,  J.  M 45 

Surgeons,  Army, 73 

Talcott,  Samuel  A., 74 

"  Talvi," 79 

Taylor,  Zachary, 19 

Taxes,  Definition  of, 120 

Tax-list,  First  in  Utica, 9 

Telegraph  Co.,  (First) 39,  80 

Terry,  M.  0 95 

Thompson,  C.  Han-y, 46 

Throop,  Montgomery  H., 77 

Tompkins,  Governor, 98 

Tourtellot,  House  of  Mrs.  L.  A.,  63 

Tracy,  Charles,  75  ;  House  of, . . .  64 

Tracy,  William 75 

Trees     of     Utica    and    Vicinity, 

(Elms  and  Poplars;, 158 

Trenton  Centennial, 50 

Trenton  Falls 141,  151 

Truax,  Judge, 78 

Tryon,   William 2 

Turnpikes, 52 

Underground  Railroad 17 

" U-nun-da  da-ges," 6,  134 

Upson,  Anson  J., 92 

Utica. 

Incorporated  as  a  Village,  9  ; 
Named,  g,  113;  Separated 
from  the  Town  of  Whites- 
town,  9,  114;  Appearance  in 
1817,  12  ;  Early  Officers  of, 
14,  113,  114;  Population  m 
1 83 1.  15  ;  Incorporated  as  a 
City,  16,  115  ;  Extent  in  1S32, 
16  ;  Financial  Condition  in 
1834,  1837.  17  ;  1S55-57.  20; 
Semi-Centennial  of  the  City, 
109.  (See  also  Civil  War, 
Geography,  Government.) 

Utica,  Centennials  held  in, 50 

Van  der  Kemp,    Francis  Adrian, 

70;     Letter  of, 54 


INDEX. 


20I 


PAGE. 

Van  Rensselaer,    House  of  Jere- 
miah,    64 

Van  Rensselaer,  Stephen 66 

Varick,  Abraham 40 

Vasey,  George, 82 

Victor  Brothers 90 

Visitors 12,  13,  20,  28,  55,  95,  108 

Wager  Family,  Houses  of, ... .  62,  63 

Wager,  Daniel  E., 88 

Wagner,    Gustave .  32 

Walcott,    Benjamins., 34,  35 

Walcott,  Benjamin  S.,  Jr., 34 

Walcott,  Charles  D., 

84.  140,  142,  143,  144 

Walcott,  W.  D., 35 

Walker,     Benjamin,       71,       loS; 

House  of 62 

Walker,  House  of  Thomas 64 

Walker,   William  C 83 

War  of  1812, 12 

Washington,  George, 95 

Washingtonian  Movement, 18 

Water  Works  Company,  Utica,. .  10 
Waterville,     Centennial    Baptist 

Church 49 

Watson,  William  H 94 

Webster,   Daniel, 96 

Weld,  Theodore  D 85 

Wells,  (Village), 10 

Western  Inland  Lock  Navigation 

Company, 52 

Westmoreland,    Centennials  held 

in,  •     50 

Wetmore,  Ezra  F 29 

Wetmore,  E.  A., 99 

Wetmore,  Edmund 78 

Wheeler,  Joseph 46 


PAGE. 

Wheeler,  O.  Ross, 46 

Wheelock.  Charles, 24,  30 

Whistler.  J.  V.  G., 32 

Whitcher,  Frances  M.  B., 89 

Whitcher,  Martha  L., 89 

White.  Alvin, 30 

White,  Hugh,  5,  70;     House  of, .  67 

White,  Nicholas  A., 38 

White,  Noah 38 

White,  Philo, 67 

Whitesboro 7 

Whitestown,  Centennials  held  in, 

50,  no;     Eastern  boundary  of,  7 

Whitestown  Seminary, 104 

Whitfield,  John  W 83 

Whitfield,   Robert  P., 83 

Whittlesee,    Mrs., 104 

Witch  Hazel,  Extract  of,. 157 

Wiles,   Irving  R 93 

Wiles,  Lemuel  M., 93 

Williams,   George  H., 82 

Williams,   Jesse, 40 

Williams,  House  of  Nathan, 63 

Williams,  S.  Wells, 79,  104 

Williams,  Thomas, 72 

Williams,  William, 12 

Wilson  Elm 159 

Wines  from  Native  Plants, 157 

Wolcott,  Samuel  G 73 

Women  Writers, 89 

Wood  Creek 3,  51,  135 

Woolsey,  J.  T., 73 

Woolsey.  M.  B.. 73 

Woolsey,  Melancthon  T., 73 

Wright,  Florence, 45 

'•  Ya-nun-da-da-sis," 6 

York  House, 59,     66 

Young,   Charles  B., 29 


■J.-» 


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